Oxidative Stress, Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia, and Hemostasis Impairment as Risk Factors for Diabetes in Rats: Investigating the Therapeutic Potential of Samwa (Cleome droserifolia)

Ismail, Neveen Suofy; A. Elhassaneen, Yousif; O. Gouda, Doaa

doi:10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2025.410397

Oxidative Stress, Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia, and Hemostasis Impairment as Risk Factors for Diabetes in Rats: Investigating the Therapeutic Potential of Samwa (Cleome droserifolia)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Nutrition and Food Science Department Faculty of Home Economics Helwan University

² Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.

³ Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Specific Education, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.

10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2025.410397

Abstract

The current study aimed to investigate the potential efficacy of Samwa (Cleome droserifolia) ethanolic extract of as a hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant agent, as well as its role in enhancing hemostatic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, a model for type II diabetes. A total of 36 rats were allocated into two main groups: the first group (Group 1, 6 rats), serving as the normal control, was maintained on a basal diet (BD), while the second group (30 rats) was used for the induction of type 2 diabetes and further subdivided into five equal subgroups. These subgroups were as follows: {Group 2: Diabetic rats fed solely on BD (positive control). Groups 3–6: Diabetic rats fed on BD and administered Samwa ethanolic extract (SEE) at doses of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg body weight per day, respectively, for 28 days}. Induction of diabetes with alloxan caused a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-c, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and leptin levels, with respective increases of 236.12%, 100.00%, 44.44%, 34.69%, 60.06%, 69.20%, and 67.40% compared to the normal control group. In contrast, HDL-c, paraoxonase, and arylesterase activities decreased by 42.65%, 51.04%, and 34.52%, respectively. Additionally, hemostatic parameters, including bleeding and clotting times, were prolonged at multiple time points (7, 14, 21, and 28 days). Treatment with SEE for 28 days significantly ameliorated these parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Improvements included reductions in glucose, lipid profiles, oxidative stress markers, and normalization of hemostatic parameters. These findings suggest that SEE has therapeutic potential in managing type 2 diabetes and its associated complications. Consequently, the incorporation of SEE into pharmacological formulations is recommended for individuals with type 2 diabetes.

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