Response of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant Grown on Light Textured Soil to Copper Foliar Application Under Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization

Document Type : Original Article

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Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, A R C.

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at El-Khashaa –Balteem, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt during two successive growing seasons (2005/2006 and 2006/2007) to investigate the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Sakha 93 to copper application under different levels of nitrogen fertilization grown on copper deficient soil. The experiment was conducted in a split-split plot design with four replicates. Nitrogen fertilization with three N levels (80%, 100% and 120% of the recommended doses: R.D.), the time of Cu application (tillering stage, early boating stage and two split doses at tillering + early boating stages) and Cu foliar spray with two levels 0.5 and 1.0 kg Cu/fed. are used as the main plot, sub-plot and sub-sub-plot, respectively. The obtained results showed that wheat grains yield is high significantly increased with increasing the rate of nitrogen application up to 120% of the recommended dose (120 kg N/fed) and also with increasing the rate of copper application from 0.5 to 1.0 kg Cu /fed. The grains yield was also increased according to  the application time of copper as follows: Cu applied in two split doses at tillering + early boating stages > Cu applied at early boating stage >Cu applied at tillering stage. However, the increasing of nitrogen application led to constrain the effect of copper on wheat yield. So that the mean values of the rate of yield increment has decreased with increasing the rate of N application up to 120% of the recommended dose with copper application. Application of 120 % N of R.D. and 1.0 kg Cu/ fed, in two split doses at tillering and early boating stages, resulted the highest grain yields, while the lowest grains yield was obtained in the control (zero copper application) at the lowest rate of nitrogen fertilization (80% of R.D.). However application of 100 % N of R.D. and 1.0 kg Cu/ fed in two split doses at tillering and early boating stages was superior than the application of 120% N of R. D without Cu treatment. The results also showed that wheat straw yield, plant height, spike length and tiller number have the same trend as those of wheat grain yield. Also, N, P, K and protein contents of wheat grains were increased by increasing N levels up to 120% of R. D. It is also clear that N contents of wheat grains were increased with timing of Cu applications in the order: Cu applied in two split doses at tillering + early boating stages> Cu applied at early boating stage ≥ Cu applied at tillering stage, while P and K contents haven’t affected by Cu application time.In the same manner, grains N, P and K uptake followed the same trend as that of N, P, K and protein contents (%).

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