Salinity Stress Affects Field Performance of Wheat Genotypes Differing in Genetic Background

Abd El-Aleem, Ola Mossad; Nawar, Ali; Barakat, M. N.; Milad, Sanaa I; Sabry, Samy R. S.

doi:10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2022.277773

Salinity Stress Affects Field Performance of Wheat Genotypes Differing in Genetic Background

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ North coastal road - Elbehera-rosetta-house no.12

² Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

³ Biotechnology Laboratory, Crop Science Department,Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, P.O. Box 21545, Alexandria, Egypt

⁴ Biotechnology Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Univeristy of Alexandria, P.O. Box 21545, Alexandria, Egypt.

⁵ Department of Wheat Research, FCRI, Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), Giza, Egypt.

10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2022.277773

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out in three locations affected by salinity with averages (low=0.39, moderate=8.01and high=15.96 dSm^-1) at Nubaria Agricultural Research Station, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt during the two winter seasons of 2016/2017, 2017/2018. The study included 12 bread wheat doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from Sakha8 X Line25 across, along with their parents and four check cultivars Sakha93, Sids1, Giza168 and Gemmiza7. The studied genotypes were classified into tolerant, moderately and sensitive to salinity stress based on salt tolerant index (STI) over both seasons at medium and high salinity levels. All studied characters were significantly reduced with increasing salinity level except days to heading, days to maturity and grain filling period which increased with increasing soil salinity level with varying degrees according to genotype. Grain yield was reduced by 14.05 % and 70.5 %, averaged over genotypes and seasons, at moderate and high salinity levels compared to low salinity level, respectively. The reduction in grain yield was caused by reduction in all yield components especially number of grains/spike and 1000 grain weight.
The results indicated that grain filling rate, grain weight/spike, 1000 grain weight and grain yield were considered as distinguishing characteristics in determining the ability of the DHL’s to tolerate salinity. DHL’s had a wide range for grain yield/ha where lines 7, 8 and 9 exceeded parents and checks in grain yield. Moreover, these lines had higher grain yield than the other DHL’s and were scored, according to STI, as tolerant to salinity at high and medium salinity levels.

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