Genotoxicity of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) Extracts Employing A Variety of Short-Term Genotoxic Bioassays

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Professor of Genetics, Department of Genetics faculty of Agriculture Alexandria University.

2 Professor of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology Faculty of Agriculture Alexandria University.

3 Consultant Engineer and Manager of Area of El-Helb Pesticides and Chemicals Company.

Abstract

Several short-term screening bioassays have been developed to detect mutagenic / carcinogenic potentiality of a substances especially that used as a food additive and or as a pharmaceuticals.  At last decade  jojoba extracts were widely used in cosmetics and in food additive as well . This work was planned to detect the possible genotoxic effect of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) extracts, defatted of jojoba seed meal (DJSM), defatted jojoba seed meal extracts (DJSE) and jojoba (JO) as well as the ability of DJSM and DJSE in reducing the body weight and the ability of JO as well as olive oil (OO) for reducing blood cholesterol. In order to achieve such a purpose, forty animals of albino mice (Mus musculus 2n=40) were used and divided into eight groups. The doses of treatments were, 3% DJSM; 0.2 ml and 0.1 ml DJSE; 0.2 ml JO; 0.1 ml JO; 0.2 ml OO and 0.05 ml JO + 0.05 ml OO in combination.  Results showed that both 3% of DJSM and (0.2ml; 0.1ml) DJSE were effective in reducing body weight compared to untreated control. Jojoba seed oil significantly reduced both total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein for all tested doses of JO and OO. In addition the in vivo study demonstrated that no significant increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in the bone marrow of mice treated with DJSM, DJSE, JO or OO. The results obtained showed that oral administration of jojoba seed extracts at all doses did not caused a significant increase in either the percentage of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mice bone-marrow (MN test) or in the percentage of DNA aberration %. These findings might indicate that jojoba seed extracts does not induce damage for DNA in vivo, and so it has not any genotoxic effect. These results concluded that jojoba seed meal and its oil are safe for human usage at the level of the present work.  

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