Optimum Distribution of Orange and Onion Crops Among the Egyptian Governorates Using the Transport Models

The research mainly aimed at minimizing transport costs for orange and onion crops by reducing transportation distances between production areas and areas of consumption or export in order to reduce their marketing costs in order to increase their farm prices and reduce their consumer prices in addition to reducing their export costs based on the results of the transport model through the programming method Linear.
It is evident from the results of the optimal distribution of the surplus oranges, which achieves the lower end of the total distance to transport oranges from the surplus governorates, which are 13 governorates, which are Buhaira, Gharbia, Kafr El Sheikh, Sharkia, Ismailia, Suez, Menoufia, Qalyubia, Assiut, New Valley, Matrouh, North Sinai , Nubaria to the governorates of Alexandria, Dakahlia, Damietta, Port Said, Cairo, Giza, Beni Suef, Fayoum, Minya, Sohag, Qena, Luxor, Aswan, and South Sinai.
It is also evident from the results of the transportation model for oranges that the surplus of oranges is not distributed to the governorates of Beheira, Kafr El Sheikh, Sharkia, and Matrouh and directed only for export, while the surplus of the Gharbia Governorate, which is about 75.5 thousand tons, is distributed to the governorates of Dakahlia and Damietta in quantities of about 22.4 and 12.6 thousand tons, respectively, which represents about 29.7% and 16.7% of the total surplus of Al-Gharbia Governorate, respectively.
It has an export surplus of about 40.5 thousand tons, which represents about 53.6% of the total surplus of Al-Gharbia Governorate. While the surplus is distributed to Ismailia Governorate, amounting to about 454.5 thousand tons, to Port Said Governorate, in an amount of about 6.2 thousand tons, representing about 1.4% of the total surplus of Ismailia Governorate, leaving it with an export surplus estimated at about 448.3 thousand tons, representing about 98-6% of the total surplus for Ismailia Governorate. The surplus is distributed to Suez Governorate, which is about 21.5 thousand tons, to South Sinai, in an amount of about 0.4 thousand tons, representing about 1.9% of the total surplus of the Suez Governorate, and it has an export surplus of about 21.1 thousand tons, which represents about 98.1% of the total surplus for Suez Governorate. Also, the surplus is distributed to Menoufia Governorate, amounting to about 170.2 thousand tons, to Qena Governorate, in an amount of about 14.9 thousand tons, representing about 8.8% of the total surplus of Menoufia Governorate, and it remains with an export surplus estimated at about 155.3 thousand tons, representing about 91 : 2% of the total surplus for Menoufia Governorate. The surplus of Qalyubia governorate, amounting to about 262.6 thousand tons, is distributed to the governorates of Cairo, Giza, Beni Suef, Fayoum and Minya, in quantities of about 79.7, 30, 6.1, 26, 40.3 thousand tons, respectively, representing about 30.4%, 11.4%, 2.3%, 9.9% and 15.3% of the total surplus for Qalyubia Governorate respectively, and it has an export surplus of about 80.5 thousand tons, representing about 30.7% of the total surplus. To Qalyoubia Governorate. The surplus in Assiut Governorate, which is about 44.6 thousand tons, is distributed to the governorates of Sohag and Qena, in quantities of about 33 and 11.6 thousand tons, respectively, at a rate of about 74% and 26% for each of them, respectively, of the total surplus of Assiut Governorate, while the Distributing the surplus of the New Valley Governorate, amounting to about 20.3 thousand tons, to the governorates of Sohag, Luxor and Aswan, in quantities of about 1.3, 9.5, and 9.5 thousand tons, respectively, representing about 6.4%, 46.8% and 46 8% of the total surplus for the New Valley Governorate, respectively. Also, the surplus is distributed to North Sinai Governorate, amounting to about 0.1 thousand tons, to South Sinai Governorate, in an amount of about 0.1 thousand tons, representing about 100% of the total surplus of North Sinai Governorate.
While the surplus is distributed to the Nubaria region, amounting to about 723,6 thousand tons, to the governorate of Alexandria in an amount of about 36,6 thousand tons, representing about 5.1% of the total surplus of the Nubaria region, leaving it with an export surplus estimated at about 687 thousand tons, representing about 94.9 % Of the total surplus for the Nubaria region. The results of the transport model also indicate that the quantity of orange exports was increased from 1647 thousand tons to about 2.33 million tons, an increase of 683 thousand tons, representing about 41.5% of the average quantity of orange exports during the study period, and thus the redistribution of oranges .
Between regions and governorates of the republic, it leads to less waste, as well as an increase in exports and a reduction in the balance of payments deficit. The results of the optimal distribution of onion surplus, which achieves the lower end of the total distance of onion transportation from the surplus governorates, amounting to 11 governorates, which are Buhaira, Gharbia, Dakahlia, Sharqia, Qalyubia, Beni Suef, Fayoum, Sohag, Qena, New Valley, Nubaria to the governorates of the surplus which is Alexandria , Kafr El Sheikh, Damietta, Ismailia, Port Said, Suez, Menoufia, Cairo, Giza, Minya, Assiut, Luxor, Aswan, Matrouh, North Sinai, South Sinai. It is clear from the results of the transportation model for onions that the surplus of onions is not distributed to each of the governorates of Beheira and New Valley, and is directed only for export, while the surplus of the Gharbia Governorate, amounting to about 676.38 thousand tons, is distributed to the governorates of Kafr El Sheikh, Suez, Menoufia and Cairo in quantities of About 35.9, 9.4, 64.9 and 147.8 thousand tons, respectively, representing about 5.3%, 1.4%, 9.6%, and 21.9% of the total surplus of Al-Gharbia Governorate, respectively, and it is left with An export surplus is estimated at 418.4 thousand tons, representing about 61.9% of the total surplus for the Gharbia Governorate. While the surplus is distributed to Dakahlia Governorate, amounting to about 209.9 thousand tons, to Damietta Governorate, in an amount of about 4.9 thousand tons, representing about 2.3% of the total surplus of Dakahlia Governorate, leaving it with an export surplus of about 205 thousand tons, representing about 97.7 % Of the total surplus for Dakahlia Governorate.
The surplus is distributed to Sharkia governorate, amounting to about 67.79 thousand tons, to the governorates of Ismailia, Port Said, Cairo and North Sinai, in an amount of about 19.98, 10.8, 28.9, 8.14 thousand tons, at rates that represent about 29.5%. And 15.9%, 42.6% and 12%, respectively, of the total surplus for the Sharqia Governorate, and it has no remaining surplus for export.