The Role Of Rural Women In Produclng Clean, Safe And Healthy Milk "A Stud At One Of The Villages In Tanta District, Gharbia Governorate"

The study aimed mainly to determine the performance level of the rural respondents regarding the roles of producing clean, safe and healthy milk in four dimensions, namely (animal shelter environment care, animal feeding, animal health care, preparation for milking and milk production) and the overall scale, and the associated and determining factors for it. Identifying the sources of information that rural respondents resort to when producing clean, safe and healthy milk, the problems that rural respondents face when producing clean, safe and healthy milk the suggestions of rural respondents to overcome the problems they face when producing clean, safe and healthy milk and suggestions an extension program to improve the perform level of the rural female respondents towards producing clean, safe and healthy milk.It was selected a random sample from the holder's wives in the village of Ibshway Elmalaq, who are responsible for raising the milk cattle in their families. The Krejcie & Morgan equation was used to calculate the sample size it was amounted to285 respondents (holder's wife).Data were collected using a questionnaire, and a descriptive approach and an analytical approach were used. Frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), T-test, F-test, multiple correlation coefficient, standard partial regression, and standard partial regression were used to analyze the data, and Cornbrash's alpha coefficient to estimate the stability of measures that multiple items (variables Independent, dependent variables).
.The most prominent results were:
 First: the performance of the rural respondents in the performance of the rural respondents for the role of animal health care, preparation for milking and milk production first, then the performance of the rural respondents in the care of shelters environment in the sacond place, then role of animal feeding ranked the last place, and about half of the rural respondents their performance level were medium for each of the four studied roles.Second: 1- The age of the respondent, the number of years of education of the respondent, the number of years of education of the respondent’s husband, the number of years of work in milk production, the degree of leadership, the degree of the respondent’s satisfaction with the social and economic return from raising livestock, the respondent’s perception of animal production problems in Egypt, and the respondent’s ambition, each of them were associated positively with the performance of the rural respondents in each roles of producing clean, safe and healthy milk and the overall scale.2-The respondent's profession: The female respondents whom are   employees were the highest in the performance of the roles of producing clean, safe and healthy milk, with significant differences in each of the four studied roles and the overall scale.3-The profession of the respondent’s husband: The female respondents whom are wives of employees were the highest in the performance of the roles of producing clean, safe and healthy milk, with significant differences in each of the four roles of producing clean and healthy milk and the overall scale.4-The age, number of years of education, and animal production problems in Egypt the respondent contributes an unique significant  in the explanation of the variation of the performance of the rural respondents in the roles of producing clean and healthy milk for each of the four studied roles (caring for the shelter environment, animal nutrition, animal health care, preparation for milking and milk production), and the overall scale , and the variable of number of years of work in milk production is contributes in explaining the variation in the performance of the rural respondents in three roles (the role of animal feeding, the role of animal health care, and the role of preparing for milking and milk production.) and the overall scale, the innovativeness variable in milk production contributes in explaining the variation of the performance of rural respondents for two roles (the role of animal nutrition, and the role of animal health care). The leadership degree, the respondent's degree of satisfaction about the social and economic return from livestock rising are  contributes in explaining the variation in the performance of the rural respondents for two roles (the role of caring for the shelter environment, the role of preparing for milking and milk production) and the overall scale..Third: It was found that the most important sources of information that the rural respondents relied on for obtaining information related to the care of milk cattle are personal experience, mother-in-law or mother, and women that with experience in the family.Fourth: It was found that the most important problems facing rural respondents when producing clean and healthy milk are lack of knowledge of technical recommendations for production of clean milk, lack of knowledge of correct breeding methods for dairy cattle, high prices of concentrated feeds, high costs of veterinary medicines, and the lack of information about correct methods of feeding dairy cattle., the many diseases that afflict dairy cattle, the exploitation of merchants who buy milk from rural women, and the merchants whom control the prices. Fifthly: The results showed that the most important proposals of rural respondents to overcome the problems they face when producing clean and safe milk are to provide high-yielding milk cattle, the government tightens control over veterinary medicines, and providing loans to rural women and facilitates their procedures. The research concluded a number of recommendations.