An Economic and Environmental Study of Fish Production from Northern Egyptian Lakes

This study aimed to develop of relative importance of fish production capacity from Egyptian and Northern lakes to Egyptian fish production capacity. Fish production capacity from Egypt's northern lakes. Species distribution, available economic resources, measurement of their productive efficiency and Study of problems impeding their development and recommendation.
This study used descriptive and quantitative economic analysis method, to achieve its objectives. Secondary data were relied on for analyzing economic variables. Also, on primary data obtained by North Lake Fishermen's personal Interview using focus group discussion in 2020, and the number of research sample was approximately 88 fishermen. The most important of research results were as follow:
1- During the periods (2005-2018), The average of Egyptian fish capacity was about 1.35 million tons. The average capacity of fish from Egyptian lakes was 168,600 tons, representing about 12.4% of capacity of Egyptian fish. The average capacity of fish from northern lakes was about 126,1 thousand tons, representing about 9.3% of capacity of Egyptian fish, and about 74.8% of capacity of fish from northern lakes.
2- The average of fish production capacity from Northern Lakes during the period (2005- 2018) of Manzala, Burullus, Edko, and Mariout Lakes was approximately 53.6. 58.9. 6.7. 6.9 thousand tons, respectively, representing about 42.2. 47. Of total production capacity of Northern Lakes of about 126.1 thousand tons, 5.4%, respectively.
3-By studying Species distribution of fish production capacity of Lake manzala, the annual average for each of tilapia, shrimp, mullet, catfish, and other Species was 24.1, 1.02, 11.3, 11.3 and 2.9 thousand tons, respectively, while it reached about 928, 71, 234, and 171 tons for Bagrus, Eel, Crab, and spotted sea bass. While Lake Burullus for tilapia, shrimp, mullet, catfish, grass carp, and other Species reached about 30, 1.5, 11.9, 4.5, 2.2 and 6 thousand tons, respectively, while it reached about 697 and 883 tons, respectively, for each of Bagrus and Eel Species. While Lake Edko Tilapia reached about 6.3 thousand tons, for each of catfish, mullet, and other Species there were about 132, 131 and 170 tons each, respectively. While Lake Mariout for each of tilapia and catfish reached about 3.9 and 2.7 thousand tons, respectively, while it was about 74 and 178 tons, respectively, for grass carp and other Species.
4-By studying a number of fishing boats for northern lakes in Egypt, there were about 2.4, 5.6 thousand boats each for manzala and burullus, respectively, and about 984,989 boats each for edko, mariout, respectively. Whereas, a number of fishermen, there were about 7.3, 16.3, 2.4,2.9 thousand fishermen from each of manzala, burullus, edko and Mariout respectively, , it reached about 27, 11, 8, and 8 tons each, respectively, while production efficiency of fishermen reached about 9, 4, 3 and 3 tons each, respectively.
5-By studying the problems of northern Egyptian lakes, the most important environmental problems were increasing the various types of pollution, cover the strait and a bottom of the lake and Increase aquatic plants. In addition to the problems of multiple administrative, supervision agencies, and failure to activate fishing laws. The most important proposals were stopping or treating sewage waste of various types, provide adequate rigs and equipment to cleanse the lake of Reed grass, water hyacinth, and Aquatic plants.