The Expected Role of The Scientific Systems and The Social Organizations for Solving The Loaf of Bread Problem Case Studies in Alexandria and Matrooh Governorates

The main objective of this study is to identify the expected role of the scientific systems and the social organizations for solving the loaf of bread problem. It analyzes the dimensions of the problem, trying to grasp any opportunities for enhancing their role. The study leans upon four concepts: the social construction of gender and environment, small farmer group association, science and citizenship and context and process evaluations.
Data were collected using case studies, simple observation, personal and group interviews, consulting experts, studying successful systems, monitoring significant events, scanning for developmental researches, using a questionnaire to interview five groups of board directors of three cooperative agricultural societies and two NGOs. Results revealed the following:
- The consequences of the production and consumption activities of representatives of the problem could be gathered, notably; Decreased surface area cultivated with wheat, decreased productivity per feddan, increased consumption of wheat, increase of the subsidy burden, loss of small farmers, and emergence of the problem of bread in Egypt. However, there are opportunities worthy of attention from the most important power in the northwest coast of Egypt to grow more than 100 thousand acres of wheat with the possibility of increasing production per feddan up to eight Ardeb.
 
There was a lowered perception of two groups of board members of associations examined, on how to select the member for the position. Also, there were lowered awareness of other groups of the importance of the rotation of leadership, gender, and sound scientific basis for assessment and the required transparency of the vitality of the organizations. Furthermore, it turns out that most of the members stopped contributing to the funding and this is an indication of reduced confidence in the organization.
- It was found that the most important factors leading to the repetition of the problem of bread by the groups examined, were "reduced the area under cultivation of wheat in recent years" and "the transformation of farmers to grow crops giving higher income than wheat" and "a loss in storage" and "the spread of bakeries sell subsidized bread in villages" and "the difficulty in obtaining the agriculture inputs" and "high world of wheat price”.
- A study of two successful organizations; one of the Republic of Mali, and the second is a mosque in the city of Alexandria.
- Several proposals to resolve the problem have been evaluated: 1- Take benefits from the successful systems in the light of the re-evaluation of the values of society. 2– Perceive the scientific role of the media in the transfer of agricultural science and technology to people. 3- Proposals of experts. 4- Awareness of the importance of integrating gender and the environment. 5- Proposals for the study.