2024-03-29T17:03:43Z
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=531
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Dissipation of Penconazole and Imidacloprid Residues in Squash Fruits under The Egyptian Field Conditions
Hend M.
Abdella
Safaa M.
Halawa
Dalia E.
El-Hefny
The dissipation and residual levels of penconazole and imidacloprid in squash fruit under field condition were determined by using GC-ECD and HPLC-DAD with QuEChERS method. The dissipation half-life time of penconazole and imidacloprid residues in squash fruits were 1.95 and 1.93 days, respectively. According to maximum residue limit (MRL). The pre harvest interval (PHI) of penconazole and imidacloprid were 10 and 7 days after application for squash fruits, respectively. This suggested that the use of squash fruits treated with these pesticides were safe for consumption. This study might be useful to prevent health problem from consumers.
Penconazole
Imidacloprid
squash
Dissipation
residues
2015
12
01
292
296
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2917_c849c2c63531643401974bf7e689bcf8.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Effect of Dried Moringa oleifera Leaves on the Nutritional and Organoleptic Characteristics of Cookies
Haneen Hamed Saleh
Mouminah
In the present study, dried Moringa oleifera leaves powder (DMLP) were incorporated at different levels (5,10 and 15 %) in cookies and their sensory and nutritional properties were evaluated. The results revealed that the contents of protein, dietary fiber, minerals in cookies increased with incorporation of increasing levels of DMLP. Sensory evaluation showed that cookies with acceptable quality and typical Moringa leaf flavor could be obtained by incorporating DMLP up to 10 %. Thus, the nutritional quality of cookies could be enhanced by incorporating DMLP in a dose dependent manner.
Moringa
organoleptic
Cookies
2015
12
30
297
302
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2934_cabc217e6f555067b70047dff24b1ef5.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Efficiency of Using Some New Insecticides against Cotton Leaf Worm (Spodopteralittoralis) Based on Biochemical and Molecular Markers
Heidi A.
Ali
Ahmed M.
Kordy
Ahmed E.
Khaled
Nabeill A.
Hassan
Nader
R. Abdelsalam
Bioassays were carried out for evaluating the toxicity of different insecticides against the susceptible strain of cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Toxicity data based on LC50 values indicated that the proclam® is more toxic insecticide against the laboratory strain, while, the OP syclon®was less toxic. Esterase isozymes exhibited a wide range of variability among the pupae and larvae. Two common bands were detected among all samples in pupae and larvae. Proclam showed one band in pupae(Es.C2) compared with other treatments and in larvae detected one band in (Es.C3) and detecte the highest band number (6 bands) comparing with other insectcides. The results of biochemical analysis showed that there is arelationship between the resistance to insecticide and the increase of enzyme activity such as esterase enzyme. Five out of ten oligonucleotide primers (50%) used in theRAPD analysis gave unique markers. Out of the five primers, two detected single unique markers (OPA-02 and OPA-15), two gave two markers (OPA-05 and opc-02), and one yielded three unique markers (OPC-12).Additionally, compared with the control worms, cotton leaf worm exposed to insecticides recorded the emergence of 7 new fragments from 98 total fragments. So, the total number of fragments which disappeared in response to both treatments was 98 fragments. Exposure to insecticides at all concentrations revealed the increase or decrease the number of amplified polymorphic DNA and increased gene expression in comparison to control cotton leaf worm.
Cotton leaf worm
Spodopter alittoralis
Bioassay
esterase Isozymes and RAPD
2015
12
30
303
313
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2936_6ac41cfa139f5e6513c2adeccf623a9d.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
In Vitro Propagation and Somatic Embryogenesis of Marvel of Peru (Mirabilis jalapa L.) from Nodal and Leaf Explants
Mohamed K.
Gaber
Nowadays, there is a tremendous demands for Mirabilis jalapa L., it is a popular ornamental landscapeplant grown worldwide for the beauty of its flowers, also earned its place in herbal medicine practices around the world for traditional medicine by the people from different countries. Therefore, in vitro propagation andsomatic embryogenesis of Mirabilis jalapa was achieved during both seasons of 2012 and 2013, from nodal and leaf explants on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of NAA, KIN, IBA and 2,4-D. Respecting in vitro propagation, the highest mean number of shoots (2.67) formed per propagule were recorded on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l KIN and 0.250 mg/l NAA. Regarding to rhizogenesis stage, it is obvious that, fortifying MS-medium with a combination ofboth IBA at 0.00 mg/l, and NAA at 0.500 mg/l, gave the highest mean value of roots formed per propagule (6.11). On the other end, the best results of embryonic callus induction response (100%) and embrogenic callus size per propagule (++++) in whole area of leaf explant wasobserved on MS medium augmented with 4.0 mg/l 2,4-D. Neoformed plantlets were successfully acclimated and established in peat and sand in ratio of 1:1, and flowered successfully under field conditions.
Keywords: Mirabilis jalapa
somatic embryogenesis
rhizogenesis
embryonic callus
2015
12
30
314
324
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2937_1e1f50d7e41e8ea76247cc466de5a488.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Soil Classification and Potentiality Assessment for Some Rainfed Areas at West of Matrouh, Northwestern Coast of Egypt
Mohamed E. A.
Khalifa
Nawal F.
Beshay
Desert development is the key role of enhancing agricultural production in Egypt. The northwestern coastis one of the most attractive desert regions for sustainable agrarian development due to its abundant qualifications which have not sufficiently used yet. This investigation was carried out in El-Qasr - Um El-Rakham area as a model for rainfed pattern at the northwestern coast, to assess both of types and capability of the soils representing dominant land forms in the area. Studied area extends over about 159603 feddan including 12 drainage basins.The extent of landforms was spatially identified using geological and topographic maps in integration with DEM. The area represented by 6 main land forms; (1) Coastal plain (17.8%) which include: Alluvial fans (9.1%), Lagoonal depression and salt marsh (3.5%), Oolitic longitudinal sand dunes (2.2%) and Oolitic sand beach (2.8%) – (2) Alluvial terraces and Interfluves wadis (9.7%) – (3) Wadi course (2.7%) – (4) Escarpment (4.3%) – (5) Piedmont plain (13.6%) – (6) Plateau (52.1%) which include: Lower plateau (18.6%) and Higher Libyan plateau (33.5%).Soils of the area were surveyed through 261 soil profiles which spatially distributed upon ETM+ LANDSAT 7 image classification to represent achieved landforms. Twenty four representative soil profiles wereselected in this study. A digital vector database was created using GIS, consequently, soil and evaluation maps were generated. Results indicated that ten soil mapping units were differentiated according to differences in profile depth, texture and topography properties in the area under study. Further, data emphasized that 13.6% and 19.6% of the total area, respectively have deep and moderately deep profile depth. Coarse to moderately coarse texture classes dominated whole soils. Almost flat topography to gently undulated conquered the area over 69.3%.Based on field check and laboratory analysis, soils were classified into 10 family classes, while at sub greatgroup level seven classes were differentiated. These are Typic Torrifluvents (24259 F – 15.2%), TypicTorripsamments (28728 F – 18.0%), Lithic Torripsamments (36070 F – 22.6%), Lithic Torriorthents (56978 F – 35.7%),oolitic Torripsamments (7980 F - 5.0%), Typic Aquisalids (5586 F - 3.5%), and Typic Haplosalids (260 F -0.15%).Soils of oolitic sand beach were classified as Oolitic Torripsamments, while soils of the lagoon depressions andsalt marsh were classified as Typic Aquisalids. Soils of alluvial fans were classified as Typic Torrifluvents. As well, soils of the alluvial terraces and interfluves wadis, piedmont plain and wadi courses are generally belong to the subgroups Typic and lithic Torripsamments and Torriorthents, except small areas in the alluvial terraces and interfluves wadis and the lower portions of wadi courses were classified as Typic Torrifluvents and Typic Haplosalids. Generally, soils of plateau are classified as lithic Torriorthents.The study concluded that, soil potentiality classified as "Good" over 13.6% of the area, including soils of alluvial fans, partially alluvial terraces and down streams of wadi courses landforms, where the potentiality index varied between 60.9 and 68.1%. Meanwhile, the potentiality was classified as "Fair" on 19.6% of the area, representing some soils of alluvial fans, alluvial terraces, wadi middle streams and piedmont plain landforms, where the potentiality index ranged from 42.5 to 57.0%. "Poor" potentiality unit extend over 22.6% of the area occupying some soils of alluvial terraces, wadi upper streams and piedmont plain landforms, as the potentiality index ranged from 30.5 to 36.8%. Potentiality indices ranged between1.2-11.5% indicating "Very poor" and "Non agricultural" units over the rest of the area, which may be relevant to other land utilization types. Low soil potentiality associated with limitations related to; limited soil profile depth, poor drainage, coarse texture, low clay content, high salinity, high lime content and low fertility status.
Northwest coast
Rainfed agriculture
Landforms
Soil classification
land potentiality
2015
12
30
325
341
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2940_3d24cbdeafc0b2798042936f8c8b10e2.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Comparative Effectiveness of Fipronil and Other Insecticide Treatments against Cotton Leafworm and Role of Two Detoxification Enzymes
Hamdy K.
Abou-Taleb
Ahmed A.
Barrania
Manal A.
Attia
Field studies were conducted in two different locations at El-Behira Governorate, in 2013 and 2014 cotton seasons to evaluate some insecticide treatments against cotton leafworm (CLW), Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.).Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and esterases activities in the CLW larvae from the two locations were compared.Spinetoram (field rate (FR)) / lufenuron (0.5 FR) mixture achieved the highest %reduction of CLW larvae, followed by fipronil (FR) / lufenuron (0.5 FR) mixture which are followed by spinetoram (FR) and fipronil (FR). At AbouElmatameer, spinetoram / lufenuron mixture achived CLW %reduction of 90.3, 92.5, 91.5, 89.8 and 86.5% in 2013 and 90.8, 94.5, 90.3, 85.8 and 83.0% in 2014 season after 1-, 3-, 5-, 7- and 10-days of treatment, respectively.The same mixture reduced CLW larvae numbers by 91.3, 91.0, 89.0 85.8 and 83.3%, in 2013 and 91.0, 92.0, 91.0 90.3 and 88.3% in 2014 after 1-, 3-, 5-, 7- and 10-days of treatment, respectively, at Shobrakeate. On the other hand, cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos treatments achieved the least %reduction of CLW larvae. Mixing the 0.5 FR of lufenuron with the tested insecticides (chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, fipronil and spinetoram) resulted in increasing their efficacy against CLW. Statistically, field performance of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin / lufenuron (0.5 FR) mixture were higher at Shobrakeate than at AbouElmatameer in both seasons 2013 and 2014, where other insecticide treatments were comparable. AbouElmatameer CLW strain showed significantly higher esterases and GST activities about 2-fold compared with that of Shobrakeate one in both seasons. From these results, fipronil and spinetoram canbe good alternatives and can be used alone or in a combination with lufenuron to improve the CLW controland overcome the insecticide resistance.
Cotton leafworm
Fipronil
Spinetoram
Esterases
GST
2015
12
30
342
349
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2942_acd4488c2861f75f986a5d2d0246d96d.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Toxicity and Some Biological Effects of Emamectin Benzoate, Novaluron and Diflubenzuron against Cotton Leafworm
Mervat H. A.
Metayi
Moataza A. M.
Ibrahiem
Dalia A.
El-Deeb
Toxicity and sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate, novaluron and diflubenzuron were evaluated against the 2nd instar larvae of cotton leafworm (CLW). The joint toxic action of emamectin benzoate with novaluron or diflubenzuron was carried out. Emamectin benzoate (LC50 = 0.014 mg L-1) was 264.3 and 5707.1 times more toxic than novaluron (LC50 = 3.7 mg L-1) and diflubenzuron (LC50 = 79.9 mg L-1), respectively. Novaluron was approximately 21.6 times more toxic than diflubenzuron. After 24 hrs of exposure, all mixtures of emamectin benzoate (at LC10 or LC25) with novaluron or diflubenzuron (at LC10 or LC25) resulted in antagonistic effects with co-toxicity factors (CTFs) ranged between -25 to -700 except the mixture of emamectin benzoate at LC10 with novaluron at LC10 (CTF = 60). Mixtures of emamectin benzoate at LC10 with novaluron at LC10 and emamectin benzoate at LC25 with novaluron at LC25 resulted in potentiating effects after 48, 72 and 96 hrs of exposure. On the other hand, all mixtures of emamectinbenzoate with diflubenzuron resulted in antagonistic effects. Emamectin benzoate, novaluron and diflubenzuron at the two sublethal concentrations reduced average larval weight, average time to the pupation, %pupation, pupal mean weight and %adult emergence compared to control. Results of this study verified the lethal and sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate, novaluron and diflubenzuron on the larval stage of S. littoralis, which negatively affect some biological parameters and insect population can be negatively affected. Emamectin benzoate, novaluron and diflubenzuron can be used for S. littoralis control and in resistance management programs, because their mode of action is different from pyrethroid, carbamate and organophosphate insecticides.
biological effects
Emamectin benzoate
Novaluron
Diflubenzuron
Cotton leafworm
2015
12
30
350
357
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2944_3f39ed1b359e09220b037e8a4f19e83c.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Popping Properties of Rice as Influenced by Cultivars, Temperature and Time of Popping
Khaled M.H.
Abd El Salam
Ahmed M.
Shaalan
Medhat A.E.
El-Dalil
This research aimed to determine the effect of processing conditions, including temperature and time ofpopping on expansion of popped rice cultivars. The results of the two seasons 2013 and 2014 showed significant differences between cultivars for most studied characters.Giza 178 rice cultivar showed highest significant values for expansion ratio, weight of popped and popping percentage in both seasons. Increasing temperature degree from 220 to 260 oC significantly increased all studied characters in both seasons. In addition, the optimum time for all studied characters was 60 seconds. Interaction for expansion ratio between 40 and 60 second, at 260 oC, revealed a gradual increase but with different magnitude for each cultivar.
rice
Temperature
Time
expansion ratio and popping percentage
2015
12
30
358
364
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2949_f300f8a4b28e128a46e67bfafb5ee30e.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas, 1890) (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae)
Sahar M.
Beshr
The present study deals with the morphological study with both Light and Electron microscope of Iceryaaegyptiaca (Douglas, 1890). It is revealed that the body regions are indistinct with convexed dorsum and flattened venter. Body covered with tufts of white waxy secretions and surrounded with submarginal long processes which covers the ovisac. The external features of the adult female such as, antennae, eyes, legs and thoracic and abdominal spiracles with their measurements were described in details. The Ultrastructure of derm pores with their variations in size, type and distribution were also explained with measurements. Only one circatrix is recorded in this mealy bug.
Ultrastructure- morphology
Icerya aegypyiaca
mealy bugs
2015
12
30
365
372
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2951_6a5ca5a102a91314db3ba0a424d68893.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Intercropping of Grain and Fodder Maize Crops under Different Nitrogen Levels and Cutting Dates
Ahmed M.
Shaalan
Hassan E.
Khalil
Ali I.
Nawar
Mohamed M.
El-salamouni
Two field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 summer seasons, at the Experimental ResearchStation, Alexandria University, Egypt, to investigate the response of grain maize and fodder maize crops grown in associations to three N levels; i.e, 252 (N1), 288 (N2) and 324 (N3) kg N/ha and three cutting dates; i.e., C1= (45), C2= (60) and C3= (75) days after sowing (DAS). The most important results are summarized as follows: 1) The two studied factors significantly affected plant height, ear leaf area, ear weight, 100-grain weight, grain yield and harvest index for grain maize, as well as green fodder yield/ha and percent of dry matter in fresh fodder in both seasons. 2) Each crop gave the highest and lowest values for its characters when they received, respectively, N3 and N1 levels, as well as at 75 and 45 DAS periods of association.3) The highest NUE of the intercrops to that of pure maize (RNUE) was obtained with the highest N level over the two seasons.4) The highest values of dry matter equivalent ratio (DMER) amounted to 1.23 and 1.26 (for N3), while, the lowest ones were 0.99 and 1.00 (for N1 level), corresponding to 1.25 and 1.29 for (C3), as well as, 1.09 and 1.10 for (C1) in 2013 and 2014 seasons, respectively.
Intercropping
grain maize
fodder maize
nitrogen levels and cutting dates
2015
12
30
373
380
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2954_bb5bd24eb9913dca2e1ffd6a3ef76602.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Impact of Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Organic Carbon Decomposition
Mostafa Y.
Khalafalla
Mahdy H.
Hamed
A field study was conducted at The Experimental Farm, Fac. of Agric., Al-Azahar University, Assuit, located375 km south of Cairo, Egypt (27° 12- 16.67= N latitude and 31° 09- 36.86= E longitude) through wheat growing season 2015. The aim of current study is to asses the effect of nitrogen fertilizer types (urea and ureaform) at different levels on soil organic carbon decomposition.Soil organic carbon decomposition percentage (SOCD) is at a minimum amount in the 2nd week and at amaximum amount in the 7th week at the recommended urea level - 15% (R-15%). The biweekly SOCD % varied from 0.82 and 9.55 % at 70 kg N/fed level (R-30%).SOCD% ranged between 0.16- 12.73, 5.14- 10.61 and 0.41- 8.78% for ureaform level at (R-15%) and (R-30%) less than the recommended one (R), respectively. The amount of soil CO2 flux from recommended ureaform level treatment was the highest one during the entire growing season. Overall, SOCD% followed the order of R > R-15% > R-30%. The highest values of SOCD % were 8.4 and 8.2 at 2.4 Q10 value with urea and at 2.7 Q10 value with ureaform, respectively. The lowest values of SOCD % were 2.3 and 4.4 at 2.2 Q10 value with urea or ureaform, respectively. Soil C: N raties under all treatments were higher than that of initial state except that under R-30% of urea. The soil C: N ratio was higher at R-15% of urea than that when soil treated by ureaform. The opposite trend is true at R-30%.
nitrogen fertilizer
Soil carbon decomposition
C: N ratio
Temperature sensitivity
wheat crop
2015
12
30
381
389
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2955_e9ed345808c1bf311452877ab21cee09.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Heterocyclic Azlactone and Imidazolinone Derivatives
Yonis M.
Badawy
Ali F.
El-Sayed
Foaud Sh.
Soliman
Mohamed S.
Mohy-Aldin
4-Heteroarylidene-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-ones were prepared by reactions of hippuric with3-formylchromone. Structure elucidation of synthesized compounds has been made on the basis of their elemental analysis and spectral data of IR, 1HNMR and MS. The herbicidal activity of the synthesized compounds has been evaluated against Echinochloa crus-galli.
Imidazolinone
Herbicidal activity
Echinochloa crus-galli
2015
12
30
390
401
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2957_4db1cc6cd1df58ea94cdb02fefb62d89.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Growth, Fruit Yield and Quality of Three Strawberry Cultivars as Affected by Mulch Type and Low Tunnel
Mohamed A.
Soliman
Hala A.
Abd El-Aal
Ramadan, A.
Mohmed
Nabil N.
Elhefnawy
Two field experiments were carried out to study the effects of three mulch treatments (black polyethylene,clear polyethylene in addition to a non-mulched control) under low tunnel system (with and without tunnel), on plant growth, flowering traits, fruit yield and quality of three strawberry cultivars (Fragaria & ananassa Duch); Festival, Sweet Charlie and Gaviota, grown in sandy soil under a drip irrigation system. The results indicated that the three tested strawberry cultivars which were mulched with clear or black polyethylene and tunneled exhibited significant increases in number of leaves, number of crown, leaf area, dry mass/plant, number of flower trusses / plant and it flowered earlier than the non-mulched and non- tunneled ones. Moreover, most yield potential characters i.e. early yield, total yield, yield/plant, marketable yield, culls yield and average fruit weight; were positively and significantly increased by the application of mulch (clear and black polyethylene mulch) and tunneled compared to non-mulched and non-tunneled ones. Furthermore, these treatments, significantly, enhanced most fruit quality characteristics; total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, and reducing, non-reducing and total sugars compared to the control. Both Festival and Sweet Charlie cultivars were exceeded Gaviota one, in this respect.
Strawberry cultivars
Polyethylene Plastic Mulch
Low Tunnels
2015
12
30
402
414
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2963_4433416e5a8b7230c4e552e783f01227.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Evaluation of Some Barley Landraces
Amer M.
Abdel Aziz
Khamis I.
Saad
This work was carried out on 18 genotypes of barely (16 out of them are landraces and two are commercialcultivars). These genotypes were cultivated at the farm of Nubaria Agricultural Research Station for the twosuccessive seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 and evolutional of some characters were significant differbetween genotypes with respect of the green yield character.The data showed that the commercial varieties are higher than that of the landraces. Plant height (cm)showed that genotype 1 and 11 were higher than that of the commercial varieties in both seasons. Also thegenotype 12 was found to be higher. No. of days to heading (days) in one season: Genotypes 2, 11 and 13 were proven to be higher compared with the commercial varieties. But in the second season genotypes 11 and 13 were higher compared with that of the commercial varieties. Grain yield (g m-2) in one season: No. 3&16 were found to be higher landraces genotypes compared with the commercial cultivars but its less than commercial cultivars. But in the second season were genotypes 3, 5and 13 higher compared with the remaining landraces but it’s lower than the commercial the commercial varieties. Spike length (cm) was genotype 2 hieher compared with landraces genotypes in both seasons. No. plants per m2 in one season: Genotype 4 and 5 were proven to be higher compared with that of the commercial varieties. But in the second season were 5 and 7 higher compared with that of landraces genotypes. Weight of 1000 grains (g) in one season: No. 1 and 4 proved to be higher compared with that of commercial ones. But in the second season were 1 and 4 hieher compared with landraces genotypes. Correlation betweenno. of days to heading (days) was significant with spike length (cm) and negative significant with grain yield but 1000 grains (g) during the first season of 2012/2013, but in the second season 2013/2014 it was significant with spike length (cm) and negative high significant with 1000 grains.
Key words: Land races
Barley
Yield and yield components
2015
12
30
416
421
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2960_1800e1bb122b6053cbbe79a2750fb218.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Deleterious Effect of Abamectin on Rat Brain Mitochondria
Reda K.
Abdel-Razik
Nadia A.
Hamed
The neurological damages resulted by abamectin (ABA) poisoning is not completely elucidated, especially incellular organelles such as mitochondria. In the present study, the pro-oxidant effect of ABA on rat brainmitochondria was first investigated. A single oral dose of ABA (3.3mg / Kg body weight; 1/3 LD50) was given to rat and the brain mitochondria were isolated at various times (4, 24 and 336 h) after dosing. Oxidative stress in this organelle was noticed, since it provokes a significant reduction in the activity of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) level. In addition, a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level was observed in neuronal mitochondria, indicating clearly an intense peroxidation within mitochondria. Second, the histochemical evaluation was carried out to estimate the extent of ischemic brain injury as a result of ABA exposure. The average area ofinfarct for the neurologically impaired rats was increased in a time-dependent manner. The percentage of surface area of each infarcted section was found to correlate with the severity of the neurologic deficit. The results suggest that ABA-induced neuronal mitochondrial toxicity may be an important contributing factor to brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
Abamectin toxicity
Antioxidants defence
Brain mitochondria
2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride
2015
12
30
423
428
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2964_e945c73e147afd33c075442fe2b92a4f.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Effect of slope on some soil characteristics at Wadi Naghamish, North Western Coast of Egypt
Taher M. H.
Yossif
Gihan. M.
Ebied
This study aims to assess the effect of both of aspect and slope gradient on some soil characteristics in arepresentative watershed in the NW coastal region of Egypt. Topsoil samples (0 – 25 cm) were collected fromthirty sites approximately evenly distributed over the entire watershed; depending on a particular combination of major slope gradient and aspect of soils by using the spatial analyst function in Arc GIS software. Soil samples were analyzed for physical, chemical and nutritional routine characterizations. A factorial model on the basis of randomized complete block design was used to analyze the soil data. The results based on statistical analysis showed significant differences between soil characteristics of coastal plain (having none of both aspect and gradient) and those of other different slope aspects and gradient at 5 % level of confidence. The magnitude of some soil physicochemical characteristics and available nutrients such as clay, active calcium carbonate, EC, OM, soil pH, N, P, and K is significantly higher in the coastal plain soils compared to northern, eastern and western slope aspect and low, medium and high slope gradient. However, the available Fe was significantly higher in the west facing slope and high slope gradient than the other aspect and slope gradient. The differences in available nutrients of Mn, Zn and Cu were not related to slope gradient across soils onall slope aspects and gradients of the study area. Also, the results showed that aspect and slope gradient had an effect on spatial heterogeneity and distribution of some soil characteristics and nutrients resources in the NW coastal region of Egypt.
Wadi Naghamish
soil characteristics
aspect
slope gradient
spatial analyses
GIS
2015
12
30
429
439
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2965_c1131a339e03c8c67da508416c653620.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Influences of Sugar Substitution with Date Syrup (Dips) on the Functional Properties of Probiotic Ice Cream
Al-Otaibi,
M. M.
Saleh,
F. A.
Al-Obaid,
R
Effectiveness of substituting sugar (sucrose) with date syrup (Dips) at substitution level ranged Zero , 25, 50, 75 and 100 % toward viability and physical properties of probiotic ice cream containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 were studied during 12 weeks of -18 °C storage period. Viability of L. acidophilus were gradually decreased in all probiotic ice cream treatments during freezing process by the rate of 2.44 log cycle in control sample (34.4% decreasing) and 0.15 log cycle in the sample containing 75% Dips (2.1% decreasing).On the other hand, B. lactis substituted treatments previously referred were affected negatively by the freezing process, by the rate of 0.89, 0.3, 0.55, 0.24 and 0.70 log cycle after freezing process with the decreasing percentage 12.29, 4.64, 7.67, 3.38 and 9.56% compared with control, respectively. The pH values were varied among the substituted treatments after freezing process and during storage period. Overrun property was associated decreasing with the increase of Dips substituted percentage in either of ice cream containing L. acidophilus or B. lactis. Substitution of sugar with Dips caused increasing in specific gravity as well as weight per gallon in both of probiotics ice cream. The melting down of both probiotics ice cream were decreased with the increasing of substitution ratio.The statistical analysis results of sensory evaluation revealed no significant differences between the control sample and the treatment which substituted with 25% in either of probiotics ice cream. Significant affects in flavors were noticed with sugar substitution ratio (50 and 75%), while the treatment fully substituted with date syrup showed no significant difference comparing with control. The present study suggests the possibility to use date syrup (Dips) as a sugar substitute for probiotics ice cream, where retained with an appropriate viable count of probiotics bacteria directly either after processing or during storage, according to the ratio of substitution.
2015
12
01
599
615
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154502_73e6abcf36bc084b4079a4c1a38c9265.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
The Role of Agricultural Exports in the Agricultural Economic Growth in Egypt
Ahmed A.
El-Rasoul
Mahmoud A.
Shafey
Sameh M.
Shehab
Amna A.
Hashem
The purpose of this study is to investigate the long-run relationship between real agricultural exports and agricultural economic growth in Egypt using cointegration analysis. Previous studies suggested that these two variables are cointegrated which is considered as evidence of along-run equilibrium relationship. we employed cointegration analysis and annual data for the period 1990-2013 to study the relationship between real agricultural exports and its agricultural production. We found weak evidence of cointegration between real agricultural exports and agricultural economic growth. Results showed that there is a unidirectional causality between output and real agricultural exports. Output causes agricultural exports but not agricultural exports cause its output. On the other hand, Results showed that there is a unidirectional causality between output and Terms of Trade agricultural. Output causes Terms of Trade agricultural but not Terms of Trade agricultural cause its output.
Cointegration Analysis
agricultural economic growth
a unidirectional causality
2015
12
31
616
630
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154504_fef4d185471c426a19f14a9b6ccef953.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Exploring Training Needs of Supervisors Working in the Maintenance of Public Parks in Riyadh - Saudi Arabia
Mohammed Y.
Shalaby
Muhammad S.
Al- Sakran
Turki A.
Bin Hameed
This study aimed to identify the degree of cognitive training needs of the respondents supervisors working in the maintenance of public parks in Riyadh, according to their self-assessment. The study was conducted on 130 supervisor representing 38% of the overall population of all the supervisors working on the seven sites of the city of Riyadh.
Preliminary data were collected through personal interviews using a questionnaire. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis and presented in the form of: the percentages, arithmetic means, standard deviation, the simple Spearman correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis (Stepwise).
Findings of the study revealed that training needs for some 74% of the respondents were low, and 83.1% of respondents were applying their skills and knowledge at a high level. The results of the study also showed a significant negative correlation between the degree of the training requirement (dependent variable) and the independent variables like: scientific specialization and the level of education at the probability level of (0.01).
Also a positive relationship for the nationality of the respondents was found at the same probability level of (0.01). However, significant negative relationships were realized for the independent variables like: place of duty, experience in years, and the information sources at the probability level (0.05). The study exhibited a positive relationship at the same level with the probability for the variables like: place of birth, and the monthly salary.
While no significant relationship has not been established at any of the levels for any of the independent variables like: age, marital status, training. The respondents identified the most important obstacles making their work performance low and offered 13 suggestions to improve their working.
Some 30.8% of the respondents suggest that training programs are needed to increase the working of the supervisors and employees. Whereas about 15.4% of them emphasize the need to adhere to the implementation of programs chalked out for the maintenance work and assignments mentioned.
About 13.8% of the respondents felt the need for the provision of appropriate machinery, equipment and spare parts to undertake their activities better. As little as 1.5% of the total respondents suggested to prepare a comprehensive study to take advantage of the resulting crop of dates of gardens, whether they are good for human consumption or better to convert them to feed. The purpose of the study was to raise the efficiency of the workers/field supervisors involved in the maintenance of public gardens.
2015
12
31
631
643
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154507_311f3fdc7bcc063278c7cd6e5b57aa26.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Role of Agricultural Extension Radio and Television Programs on the Knowledge and Skills of Coffee Farmers in Udayn, Ibb Area - Republic of Yemen
Abdullah A.
Al-Zaidi
Mohammad Y.
Shalaby
Abdulwahab
Hazber
This study aimed to identify the level of role caused by the agricultural extension programs radio and television, on the knowledge and skills of Coffee farmers in the Udayn region of Ibb area in the Republic of Yemen. The study also determines the nature of the correlation between the independent variables and the degree of role on the knowledge and skills of the respondents as the dependent variable of those programs.
The study included 200 farmers, representing 86% of the coffee growers of the study area. Preliminary data have been collected through personal interviews using a questionnaire. After the collection of the data, they were subjected to the statistical analyses and were presented in the form of: the percentages, arithmetic means, frequency tables, standard deviation, and the simple Pearson correlation coefficient.
The study revealed that radio and TV Extension programs had low role on the level of knowledge and skills of 46.5% of the respondents, about 44% of them had an average role, and only 9.5% respondents were highly role. The results also showed a positive and significant correlation at a probability level (0.01) between the degree of the level of the role of agricultural extension programs radio and television on the knowledge and skills of coffee growers respondents as the dependent variable: qualifications/ education, the total area of agricultural land, the area under coffee cultivation, satisfaction with the extension service, the degree of exposure to other sources of agricultural information. However, a negative relationship at the same probability level for age and the type of tenure. Also, no significant relationship for the independent variables: the number of family members, main occupation, other agricultural activities, the annual income from the coffee crop, and a full-time agricultural work was found.
The study suggests for the development of the programs that focus on: the need for diversity in agricultural extension programs emphasizing on other agricultural aspects of the production, followed by the establishment of specialized agricultural channel keeping in view the high illiteracy rate and lack of extension services in the region. Farmers want that agricultural programs should be recorded in their fields to ensure their credibility. The study revealed that farmers ask for the re-broadcasting television programs on what’s good for their lands and also through Satellite Channel once a week due to repeated power shut-off in most of the rural areas in Yemen.
2015
12
31
644
653
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154508_50aab7e87e1a728b80e9c75660d3f56e.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Crochet Formative Potentials and Their Role In Enriching The Costume's Accessories in Order to Serve The Small-Scale Industries
Rasha A.
Elgohary
The current study aims at the following:
To benefit from the Crochet in producing separate accessories, The possibility of adding the research's results to the curricula of Textile and Clothes, To emphasize the importance of some hand works in the field of Small-scale Industries, To develop and maintain the permanence and continuance of some hand works, in order to produce innovate and modern craft items ,and find new artistic and formative solutions in order to ornament the clothes, using the Crochet formative value in making clothes' accessories.
Thus, 17 outfits of separate accessories (ornaments) were made using the Crochet Stitches and some accessory materials; and the researcher used an Evaluation Form consisted of three axes, in order to evaluate the accessories by a number of specialists.
The study has concluded the following:
1- The implemented designs of the Crochet formative potentials for the costume's accessories, have achieved a degree of success and acceptance; in light of the specialists' evaluation averages for the first axis of the evaluation axes (Performance Quality Level), the second axis of the evaluation axes (Aesthetic Aspect) and the third axis of the evaluation axes (Marketing Aspect).
2- The implemented designs of the Crochet formative potentials for the costume's accessories, have achieved a degree of success and acceptance; in light of the specialists' evaluation averages for the evaluation axes (as a whole).
3- There is a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the averages of the evaluation axes, regarding the implemented accessories of the Crochet formative potentials; in light of the specialists' evaluation averages for the evaluation axes (as a whole).
4- There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the averages of the evaluation axes, regarding the implemented accessories of the Crochet formative potentials; in light of the specialists' evaluation averages for the evaluation axes (as a whole), and according to the arbitrators' assessments.
2015
12
31
654
678
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154509_6f6c1611ccb1a5d17abf4cd5d73527dc.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Economics of Rain-Fed Agriculture in North Coast in the West
Mohammed Salem
Abdul Ghaffar
This study was conducted northwest coast area where available a vast area where the coastal plain stretches along the coast and has a maximum depth of his at El Alamein (2.5 km) and disappears in other places such as Vukh and wisdom It is characterized by the presence of many heads and prominent depth in the sea, the most important head Dabaa The beginning of wisdom is composed of many bays are so different elevations plateau extends southward gradual rise until it reaches the Siwa that the low level of up to 27 m below sea level and then begins the Great Sand Sea
And the problem has been to study in the province is one of nature provinces own in terms of the availability of economic resources, particularly agricultural resources and of the availability of agricultural arable land in spite of variation in irrigation water necessary resources to cultivate those lands where resides the preservation areas irrigated by the waters of the Nile through the canal bathroom and its extension within the borders of the province is agricultural land and fed the canal areas accounted for about 17.5% of the arable land in the governorate,
And the study also sought to achieve many of the goals, including the current status of rain-fed crops characterization of Matrouh Governorate, with the identification of the geographical distribution and qualitative of those crops, in addition to the economic study of the economic efficiency and productive efficiency of the main rainfed crops in the study area. The study found a number of results, including:- that the net yield of irrigated wheat crop was about 2210 pounds, while the net return of the cost retio about 492.8 pounds, while showing that the cost of agricultureproduction represents the best investment opportunity rain-fed wheat crop cultivated Rainy system where there has been a return of about 151.9 pounds, while they cause the loss of about 460 pounds.
And the study also found that the net yield of irrigated agriculture to crop figs was about 7510 pounds, while the net return of the opportunity cost of about 1243.1 pounds, which means productive activity preference for the cultivation of the crop fig about the opportunity cost of this activity represents a better investment opportunity .
And the study recommendations, including: the need to develop a specific time plan to set up the infrastructure to harvest rainwater and provide Altmioalah sources needed to identify the needs of the study area of dams and reservoirs which absorb rainwater quantities and appropriately to maintain the water resources that can be harvested North Coast area
2015
12
31
679
708
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154512_f11b0c33fc631a0717b09fc77f555b3e.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Parental Competence as Perceived by Sons and its Relationship With Some Life Skills for Sample of Preparatory Students
Nadia A.
Amer
The current research aims at studying theParental Competenceto the Sonsand its Relationship ToSome Life Skills, The research was applied on a sample of (210) male and female students; from first preparatory, and from different economic and social levels. The study lasted for(two) months; and the research followed the "Analytic Descriptive Approach". The research's data was collected through the use of the "General Data Form" and the scale of "Parental Competence to the Sons and Life Skills Questionnaire" To analyze the data, the researcher used the following tools: frequency, percentages, the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, the degrees of freedom, Chi-squared Test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, t- Test, and Analysis of Variance, Tukey's Test, , and F-Test.
The most Important Results came as follows:
There were statistically significant differences at the level of (0.01) between the averages of the sample's degree response to identifying the scale of Parental Competence to the Sonsand its Relationship ToSome Life Skills at each one of its axes; according to the "Gender" (in favor of the male students); according to the "Father's and mother's Educational Level", according to the "His decision and follow-up in the family".
There were no statistically significant differences between the sample's degree response to identifying the scale of Parental Competence to the Sonsand its Relationship ToSome Life Skills at each one of its axes according to the "Order between the siblings", according to the family size (family members) .
There was a significant direct correlation at the level of (0.01) between the scale of Parental Competence to the Sonsand its Relationship toSome Life Skills at each one of its axes.
2015
12
31
709
731
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154513_3d3029189c9e13baa299597e71bdcb86.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Home Works Leadership and Their Relationship with the Head of the Household by Methods to Pressure Domestic Work
Sherien galal
Mahfuoz
The research aims mainly to study leadership housework dimensions Bmhaorha (initiative, investment opportunities, creativity, risk-taking) and between the face of the family housewife pressure domestic work methods and including the positive methods include (confrontation and challenge, ask for help, resorting to religion, re-evaluation of performance) and the negative methods include wasteful in the blame, wishful thinking, escape and avoidance, emotional catharsis). And the study sample included 250 heads of families were selected object-deliberate manner so that takes into account their choice of social and economic levels varied, and included the study tools on public raw data form of the family, a home based business leadership questionnaire, coping styles domestic work pressures questionnaire. The results of the study found that: - There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of heads of rural and urban households in each of the leadership Bmhaorha household chores and methods of family housewife face pressure Bmhaorha domestic work for the benefit of women heads of urban households. There were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of heads of household workers and non-workers in the leadership of all household chores Bmhaorha and methods of family housewife face pressure Bmhaorha domestic work for the benefit of housewives working families. There were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of heads of research sample households in the leadership of household chores Bmhaorha and methods meet the head of the family to work pressures depending on whether the income (fixed - variable) for the benefit of housewives women with families fixed income, there is variation statistically significant between the level of entrepreneurship home Bmhaorha and methods of face family housewife pressure domestic work Bmhaorha depending on the level of education of the head and head of the family for the benefit of the level of higher education. As show an inverse correlation statistically significant between the total leadership of household chores and the negative effects of the methods of the face of domestic work and that pressure at the level of significance 0.001. As he no relationship is positive correlation statistically significant between the total leadership of household chores and the positive effects of the methods of the face of domestic work and that pressure at a level of 0.001. As a sign that there is a relationship statistically significant correlation between the total and the confrontation between the head of the family and work methods number of children and the education of both husband and wife and monthly household income and that when the 0.05 level.
has been reached following recommendation:-
-the need to consolidate the new positive perceptions in the field of home management and leadership, including the concept of directed to sharpen the positive energies of the heads of households and paid in the path ensures positive to deal with the problems of female-headed households in our current home based business.
-promote positive methods of female-headed households in dealing with the pressures and burdens of domestic work.
-The need to urge heads of households to control the negative methods that may resorted to in the face of pressure and the burden of domestic work because of their effects limit the positive interaction of the head of the household data with their family life.
-improve the home environment vocabulary is head of the family pays to improve their performance and avoid the burdens of domestic work pressures.
2015
12
31
732
763
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154514_d181bed0e24627b1db13f5c823340356.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
The Role of Accounting Data and Information in the Decision- Making Process of the Egyptian Governmental Companies: Case Study of the General Company for Silos and Storage (GCSS)
Sameh M.
Shehab
The study aimed at analyzing the role of accounting data and information in the decision-making process of grain-public companies companies in Egypt. The case study examined is the General Company for Silos and Storage. Both of the statistical and financial analyses have been used. These analyses are confined to two main sections; the first dealt with the Company’s activities pertaining to imported wheat. The second handled the role of data and information in making the Company’s decisions.
The study results of the first section disclosed the following: (1) Amounts of wheats imported in 2013/2014 outweighed those imported in 2012/2013 by 32.97%. (2) The main wheat-importing countries of Romania, Russia, and France realized imported-amounts’ increases of 52.97%, 118.47%, and 91.52%, respectively. Whilst both of the USA and the Ukraine have experienced imported-amounts’ decline of 78.12% and 52.64%, respectively. (3) Wheat imports reaching the ports of Damietta and Alexandria have witnessed wheat-imports’ increases of 68.03% and 56.85%, respectively. Whereas the port of El-Dekhaila has practiced a decline of 20.77% in wheat imports. The port of Safaga has witnessed no change whatsoever.
The second section, which is typical to the case study examined during the period 2008/2009- 2012/2013, showed the following: (1) Employment rates in the Company have declined significantly despite of offering high wage rates. This is partially because wages occupied a large portion of the Company’s cost structure with ratio of wages to returns of 37.61% in the 2012/2013 budget. (2) The Company suffered from inventory-stock accumulation which is estimated at 6.42% of the current liabilities. Moreover, capital accumulation is found to be poor with a net fixed-assets ratio of barely 17% during the average study period. (3) Weak and poor liquidity ratios and self-financing sources are common trajectories in the Company. And (4) depressed sales and collection policies, as indicated to by the ratio of cash to returns of 0.31 during the average study period.
The existing financial and crediting records of the General Company of Silos and Storage indicated to numerous imbalances and shortcomings. These inadequacies could be corrected via the acquiring, implementation, and analysis of upright data bases.
Finally, the study recommends the application of regular financial and statistical analyses of data and accounting information of the company to identify aspects of strengths and weaknesses. Consequently, better decision making and policy formation could be made in accordance with governmental policies.
Decision Making
Managerial Efficiency
Data and Information
Financial indicators
2015
12
31
764
788
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154515_0b5f3d6752a2e11e091a45545c5a3dd3.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Resource Management Knowledge and Its Relationship to the Family Head Ability to Take Family Decisions
Ayat A
Ahmed
Eman A.
Elmestikawi
The research aims at studying the relation between knowledge resource and the bread winner's ability to take family decisions through two pivots for managing knowledge resources, represented in the sources of getting knowledge and the requirements of knowledge management. In addition to studying his ability to take the family decisions in its dimensions like determining the problem, specifying the available alternatives, choosing the appropriate alternatives, carrying out the alternatives and assessing the results. It also aims at studying the relation between some study variables and the bread winner's management of the knowledge resource and taking the family decisions. Also, the study focuses on the difference amongst the female bread winners "study sample" in managing knowledge and taking the family decisions according to their educational level, and determining the aspects of difference amongst the rural and urban female bread winners (employed and unemployed ones) in each of managing knowledge and taking decision.
The study sample included (304) female bread winners (employed and unemployed in rural and urban areas) in Dosok and Mansura towns and some villages following them in Kafr Ash-Shiekh and Dakahlia governorates. The sample had been chosen by random from various social and economic levels. The study tools included a form of public data and knowledge management and decision taking questionnaires.
The most important results there is correlation relationship between resource management in its two aspects and taking the family decisions in its five dimensions by the bread winner. There is also correlation relationship between knowledge resource management and the bread winner's taking decisions and some variables in the social and economic levels. There is no difference amongst the average degrees scored by all female bread winners- in rural and urban areas- in the management of knowledge resource. There are also differences amongst the average degrees scored by all female bread winners- in rural and urban areas- in taking decisions and the high scores were for the rural female bread winners. Difference in the average degrees scored in the management of knowledge resource amongst the employed and unemployed female bread winners for the employed e female bread winners. No differences in the average degrees of all employed and unemployed female bread winners concerning taking the decisions. There is no statistical indicative contrast amongst the female bread winners (study sample) in knowledge management and taking decisions according to the educational level. There is a statistical indicative contrast amongst the female bread winners (study sample) in the sources of getting knowledge according to the period of the female bread winner's marriage where the value "f" is 0.69 and an indicative value at "0.001 indication. By applying Tukey test, it became clear that the scores average of the female bread winners (study sample) in this dimension vary between (27.42) represented in short marriage period (less than 5 years) to (29.30) represented in a marriage period that more than 10 years and the high scores were for those having long period of marriage. There is no statistical indicator amongst the female bread winners (study sample) in the total number of taking decisions according to the period of the bread winner's marriage, where F value reached (3.15), it is non-indicative statistically.
The study recommendations: The necessity of the government's adopting the culture of knowledge management and participating in it by establishing an organizational environment basing on the participation by knowledge and personal experiences. The media shall put programs for the development of the bread winner's awareness concerning knowing the importance of the knowledge resource and how to manage it for helping in solving its problems for taking the sound decision in the appropriate time. The mass media shall adopt an idea for knowledge management as a means for the development and improvement of the individual and collective performance inside the institutions of the community in general and the institutions of family and childhood in particular. The government and mass media shall prepare a definite and clear strategic plan for managing the knowledge to specify what you want to achieve.They also shall improve the investment of the information and knowledge the individuals of the society have as a whole and to make them valuable through participation and accepting their opinions.The government shall design and provide databases for keeping all what is collected of information and data in all fields. These information and data will be available for all the individuals of the society until each individual gets all the information he needs at any field and at any time. Thus, the information will be easy in circulation and conveyance and this will contribute continuously in the personal development.Necessity of following the scientific modern methods when taking the decisions.
2015
12
31
789
814
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154517_cd9f11ce366b23d4ac329a49cbd5f180.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2015
36
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
Study The Economic Efficiency of The Most Important Indicators For Agricultural Crops and The Problems of Agricultural Development on The Elhamam Canal in Matrouh Governorate
Rehab A.
Elsherbeny
Sayed A.
E Haikel
Research aimed to identify the current situation of the search area, and study the economic efficiency of the most important vegetable crops indicators, and to identify the degree of the presence of agricultural development problems, and to identify the proposals of the respondents to limit agricultural development problems. The research has been done on ELhamam canal. A sample has been chosen 250 clients.
Search data is collected using a questionnaire specially prepared to achieve the objectives of the research, and use the results in the presentation of descriptive and quantitative analysis of the most important vegetable crops in research.
Also used the economic efficiency indicators such as net yield (Net Revenue), and the rate of return on the costs Benefit Cost Ratio)), and the Gross margin or marginal surplus, Operating Ratio and the ratio of total revenue to total TR / TC costs, and the ratio of total revenue to variable costs (TR /VC), and break-even analysis.
The most important results of the study are as follows:
That item fertilization represents more than 60% of the total variable costs of potato crop. The fertilizers paper used in the production of onions represents about 24% of the total variable costs, while organic fertilization represents 11% of the variable costs, while chemical fertilizer tired about 9% in (2014/2015).
The percentage of variable costs in the winter tomato crop was estimated at about 73% of the total cost. The wages of workers in the spraying process, hoeing, and harvesting are the most important items in variable costs represents about 36.95% of the total variable costs.
The percentage of variable costs in the winter tomato crop was estimated at about 73% of the total cost accounted for the wages of workers in the spraying process, and hoeing, and harvesting the most important items in variable costs represents about 36.95% of the total variable costs.
The results indicated that the variable costs for the crop summer tomatoes represents about 79.54% of the total cost, and the wages of workers in the spraying , hoeing and harvesting, and item chemical fertilizer represent the highest cost items may be due to the large number of injuries in the summer and the spread of diseases.
2015
12
31
815
833
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154518_1b505e1553389efad974ffeeb9bf567e.pdf