Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Effect of Salicylic Acid Foliar Application and Saline Irrigation Water on Soil Salinity and Productivity of Maize (Zea mays L.)
332
342
EN
Rateb K.
A.
Soil, Water, and Environ. Res. Inst., Soil Salinity Lab., Alexandria.
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.3096
Greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar spray of salicylic acid under irrigation with saline water on soil salinity; growth and production of maize (Zea mays L.) variety single-cross 10. It comprised three salicylic acid were foliar applied to maize plants in rates of 0,100 and 200 mg kg-1. Three level of irrigation water salinity, (ECw) were 390 (tap water as control), 1750 and 3500 mg kg-1. Some soil properties were determined. The yield of Maize (Zea Mayes L.), some yield component and the chlorophyll content were recorded and statistically analyzed. The results indicated that the saline irrigation water having ECw of 390, 1750, and 3500 mg kg-1 significantly increased the ECe of sandy soil to 1152, 2144 and 3680 mg kg-1, respectively. The ECe increase was almost proportional to the ECw of irrigation. The result revealed that the irrigation water salinity, (ECw) were significantly decreased maize grain yield, weight of 100 kernels, the ear weight and the plant height. While, fresh and dry weight as well as the chlorophyll content were not significantly affected. However, foliar spray of salicylic acid was significantly increased the grain yield. The salicylic acid at rates of 100 and 200 mg kg-1 increased the grain yield by 28.8% and more than 50% of the maximum yield, respectively. Application of salicylic acid demonstrated a gradually positive effect on the grain yield, chlorophyll content and ear weight. But it did not significantly affected on the other crop parameters like the weight of 100 kernels, plant height, fresh and dry weight. The highest grain yield was obtained by application of salicylic acid with control of irrigation water salinity, (866.49 g/plot). Moreover, the statistical analysis indicated that there was interaction between the salinity of irrigation water and foliar application of salicylic acid. It is evident that foliar application of salicylic acid not only induced grain yield but also played an role in controlled salinity tolerance in maize plants. Key words: Chlorophyll content, irrigation of saline water, maize, salicylic acid, soil salinity and Zea mays L.,
chlorophyll content,irrigation of saline water,Maize,Salicylic acid,soil salinity and Zea mays L
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3096.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3096_ebbec7855df0ad98b0ca88ab9b64acf8.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Water Needs Strategy of Major Plant Crops Cultivated in The Countries of Nile River Basin
343
352
EN
Ibrahim
Elsokkary
Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural,
El-Shatby, Alexandria University.Alexandria, Egypt,
elsokkary35@gmail.com
A.
F.
Abukila
National Water Research Center, Drainage Research institute, Egypt
El-Qanater El-Khairiya post code:13621
alaafg@gmail.com
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.3097
The Nile River basin is flowing from south to north over 35 degree of latitude and is extending from the humid region to the desert region. The territories of Burundi, DR Congo, Egypt, Eretria, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Soudan, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda are located within the Nile River basin. These countries have wide range of rainfall varying from mean values of 1000 mm/year in the countries of humid region to less than 20 mm/year in countries of semi- desert and desert regions. The mean volumes of water withdrawal, as percentage of renewable water are 5.0 for Burundi, 0.0 for DR Congo, 92.0 for Egypt, 5.0 for Eritrea, 2.0 for Ethiopia, 3.0 for Kenya, 1.0 for Rwanda, 56.0 for Sudan and 1.0 for Uganda. The crop water needs can be supplied from rainfall or from irrigation or by a combination of both. The irrigation water need (IWN) can be obtained by the difference between crop evapotranspiration (ETcrop) and the effective rainfall (Pe). Accordingly, in this investigation, the"Blanery and Criddle” method for the determination of reference evapotranspiration (ETο) and crop factor (Kc) is employed for the determination of IWN of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) plant cultivated in the countries of Nile basin. The data obtained indicated, comparatively, that the highest IWN is required by sorghum cultivated in Egypt and Sudan (582 and 524 mm/TGP) and the lowest is required by DR Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda and south Sudan (230, 239, 240 and 180 mm/TGP, respectively). As a result of suitable renewable management in irrigation, the expected percentages of water which can be saved from Nile water are 41.9, 48.9, 47.8 and 62.5 for Burundi, DR Congo, Uganda, and S. Sudan, respectively, and can be therefore a supplementary water source for other countries like Egypt and Sudan.
Nile River Basin,Irrigation Water Need,Effective rainfall
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3097.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3097_310ac5aa5e3d8e5979cb5b0bf67ff21d.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Relationship between The Amount of Available P and Manure Application by Calcareous Soils
353
359
EN
Said Abbas
Mohamed EL-Sayed
Department of Soil and Water Science, Faculty of Agriculture,
Al-Azhar University,Assiut ,Egypt.
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.3098
The objectives of this study were to measure the residual NaHCO3-extractable P resulting from manure applications at high rates and to contrast the NaHCO3exractable P levels for manure vs inorganic P fertilizers. When inorganic P was applied annually at a rate of 206 kg/Feddan at the (0 to 30 cm) depth of 2 years, the NaHCO3-extractable P was increased from 17 to 32 ppm in soil . The application of 42 kg/Feddan annually of P as triple superphosphate of 2 years before planting spinach (September-October) was effective for increasing NaHCO3 extractable P during the spinach-growing season (November, 2011) as applying 206 kg/Feddan of P in May or June each of 2 years. High rates of P (2245 kg/Feddan) applied from manure resulted in high levels of NaHCO3,-extractable P up to 378 ppm. Total application of more than 152 tons/Feddan of manure (1123 kg P/Feddan) resulted in movement of P in soil (30 to 60 cm). The increased level of NaHCO3,- Extractable P from a manure application (treatment 152 B) was still evident in the 0 to 30 cm depth , 6 years after manure application had ceased. The application of 165 kg P/Feddan as triple superphosphate for each of 2 years increased the NaHCO3extractabl P over the control by 12 ppm (November, 2011).In comparing, the application of 141 kg P/Feddan from applied manure each of 2 years increased the NaHCO3-extractable P over the control (after harvest in 2007) by 101 ppm.
Organic phosphorus,nutrient movement,NaHCO3-extractable P
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3098.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3098_7cca95604f3223ed80a0044042c22fb4.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Growth, Yield and Chemical Composition of Peas (Pisum sativum) as Affected by Potassium Levels and Different Methods of Yeast Application
360
368
EN
Gehan A.
Elsharkawy
Department of vegetable crops, Faculty of agriculture,Alexandria University
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.3099
Two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University during 2008 and 2009 winter seasons. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of potassium levels (0, 24, 48, 72 kg k2o /fed.), methods of yeast application (without, foliar and soil) on vegetative growth characters, green yield and its components and chemical constituents of green seeds of the new introduced pea cultivar “Balmoral”. The results indicated that foliage fresh weight, foliage dry matter, no. of pods / plant, weight of pods / plant total yield (ton/ fed.), N, protein and K content in green seeds were significantly and positively affected by increasing potassium levels and the maximum promotion was detected at 48 kg k2 O / fed. and beyond this dose a significant reduction was detected in both growing seasons. It is clear that adding 48 kg k2O / fed. showed maximum significant increase of 32% and 16% for total yield and 18% and 19% for green seed protein more than the control in the first and second seasons, respectively. Application of yeast extract either foliar or soil addition showed progressive increase for plant height, vegetative weight, number and weight of pods / plant, N%, protein content and total yield (ton/fed.) compared to control (without adding yeast). The highest green yield obtained by soil application of yeast extract (1.61 and 2.08 ton / fed.) in both studied seasons. Addition of 48 kg k2o / fed combined with soil application of yeast extract gave the highest total yield / fed. 2.01 and 2.25 ton / fed. with the highest protein content of green seeds, in both growing seasons.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3099.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3099_3bc2c4daf8f16ab21fbcf925609ddbd1.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Effect of Organic, Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization Treatments on Growth, Yield and Chemical Contents of Two Cultivars of Potato (Solanum tuberosum)
369
381
EN
Gehan A.
Elsharkawy
Department of vegetable crops, Faculty of agriculture,
Alexandria University
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.3100
Two field experiments were carried out at the Research farm, faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, during summer seasons of 2008 and 2009. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the response of two potato cultivars (valour and Lady Belfour) to different levels of poultry manure (10 and 20 m3/ fedan) and a combination of nitrogen and potassium mineral fertilizer {(0-0), (80-24), (120-48), (160- 72) and (200- 96) kg N-k2O / fedan}. The results showed that Lady Belfour had higher vegetative growth characters and higher chemical composition (protein content, tuber dry matter and K content) in comparing to Valour. However, Valour exceeds Lady Belfour in yield component characters and in the percentage of large tubers. Concerning, the effect of poultry manure data indicating that 20m3 / fed. showed superior effect on all vegetative growth characters ,as well as, total tuber yield and its component. However, the response of higher rate of poultry manure didn’t show a significant reflect on different tuber sizes and decrease the percentage of dry matter and starch content. It could be concluded that the best combination of mineral fertilizer which represent the highest total yield / fed and the highest percentage of large tubers is 160-72 kg N-K2O / fed. in both growing seasons. However, the highest rate 200-96 kg N-K2O / fed. promoted the highest mean value of N,P,K and protein content. Valour cultivar showed superior performance in total yield / fed. when combined with either 20m3/ fed or 160kg N-K2O / fed. The best organic mineral treatment combination on total yield was 20m3 combined with 160 kg N-K2o. The results also, show a significant positive relationship between mineral fertilization and total yield of potato with a correlation coefficient reach to 95% and 96% in both growing seasons.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3100.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3100_5eea7f2c14e5d6c4a6cc68d0248dd6a2.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Yield and Fruit Nitrate and Nitrite Content of Zaghloul Date Palm as Affected by Mineral,Organic and Bio Nitrogen Fertilization Treatments
382
386
EN
Attalla,
A.M.
Prof. pomology dep. Fac. Of Agric. Alexandria University
A.F.
lbrahim
Prof. pomology dep. Fac. Of Agric. Alexandria University
Laila Y.
Mostaffa
Hort. Res. Instit. Agric. Res. Center.Alxe. Egypt.
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.3101
This investigation was conducted during three seasons 2010, 2011 and 2012 on Zaghloul date palm cultivar grown in calcareous soil at AL- Nahda region near Alexandria governorate, Egypt. The palms received the recommended N dose of each mineral fertilizer only and or from organic N and bio fertilizers to study the effect of such treatments on date palm yield, fruit nitrate and nitrite content. The obtained results clarified that all used treatments of organic and bio fertilizers were effective in improving date palm yield and decreased fruit content of No3 and No2 in comparison with 100% mineral N. It was also noticed that combined treatment of 50%mineral N+50%organic manure with bio fertilizer is the superior treatment for increasing the values of yield and decreasing its content of No3 and No2. Hence, it could be concluded that, minimizing the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer to half of recommended dose through addition of 50% mineral N+ 50% organic manure with bio fertilizer and also, the utilization of organic and bio fertilizers is considered as a promising alternative for chemical fertilizers to avoid pollution and reduce costs.
Mineral,organic,biofertilizers,nitrate,nitrite,Zaghloul date cultivar
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3101.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3101_1b3c127e1be62f7a2f59cb5829d021f9.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
A Stimulating Effect of Humic Compounds on The Growth of Legumes, Nodulation and Biological Nitrogen Fixation
387
394
EN
Said Abbas
Mohamed EL-Sayed
Department of Soil and Water Science, Faculty of Agriculture,
Al-Azhar University,Assiut, Egypt.
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.3102
Humic substances have been reported to increase plant growth. A stimulating effect on the growth of legumes may improve biological nitrogen fixation in soils. The present investigation studied dry matter production, nodulation and N content in nodules of Pigeon peas [ Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Variety Prabhat], Guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub variety Santa cruz]. and Mungbean {Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek variety VC2419], grown in sand cultures containing a fertilizer mixture and 0 to 750 mg Kg-1 of fulvic acid (FA) or humic acid (HA). The results indicated that FA and HA were capable of stimulating dry matter production in the plants. Dry weights of roots and nodules showed a tendency to increase over the control at 75 to 350 mg Kg-1 of FA or HA. The increases in total dry matter production were statistically significant at 750 mg Kg-1 of FA or HA, and a positive correlation was noticed between increases in dry weights of shoots, roots, and nodules and FA or HA concentrations. Fewer nodules were produced by plants receiving FA and HA treatments than the control, but the nodule mass was greater with FA and HA treatments. The N content of nodules was little affected by the treatments; although a tendency can be noticed that 75 mg Kg-1 of FA had decreased the N content in the nodules of both pigeon peas and Guar plants.
nitrogen fixation,Legumes,Fulvic acid,Humus,soil organic matter
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3102.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3102_916d8ef420204adbfed7fb3890a2135d.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Physicochemical and Microbiological Evaluation of Commercial Tomato Concentrates Consumed In Egypt
395
402
EN
Mona, H.H.
Bekhet
Food Science and Technology Dept., Fac. of Agric.,
Alex. Univ., 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.3103
This research was undertaken to determine quality characteristics of twenty four samples of commercial concentrated tomato puree was conducted. Fourteen brands of jar (A), five brands of sachet (B) and five brands of can (C) were evaluated for chemical, physical and microbiological properties. Analysis included each of the following determinations: Total soluble solids, pH values, titratable acidity, sodium chloride content, ash content, colour, consistency, Howard mould count, total plate count, mould and yeast. Total soluble solids ranged from 20 to 25%, 22 to 25% and 18% to 30% for A, B and C, respectively. The pH values for all types of concentrated tomato puree were below 4.3. Titratable acidity ranged from 1.18 to1.9% for samples (A), 1.18 to 1.88% for samples (B) and 1.09 to 2.05% for samples (C). The sodium chloride content varied from 1.73 to 3.40%, 1.94 to 3.70% and 0.84 to 2.81% and ash content ranged from 3.2-5.2%, 3.83-4.98% and 2.48-6.06%, respectively. Colour measured by Hunter Lab Colormeter ranged between1.43 to 2.31, 1.51 to 2.11 and 1.67 to 2.09 a*/b*, while consistency ranged from 5.9-11.9 cm/30s, 7.45 to 12.67cm/30s and 5.70 to 9.01cm/30s, for samples A, B and C, respectively. Microbial growth could not be detected in all samples with one sachet concentrated tomato puree being the exception. Howard mould content varied between 12-20, 16-24 and12-20%, for samples A, B and C, respectively.
Tomato concentrates,tomato puree,total soluble solids,pH,titratable acidity,NaCl,ash,colour,Consistency,Howard count,microbiology
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3103.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3103_f963f54f16145120e9af73e7966298a0.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
In Vitro Propagation and Mutagenesis of Ruta Graveolens L. Plants
403
415
EN
El- Torky
M. G.
Dept. of Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape
Design Alex. Univ., Egypt.
El- Shennawy,
Ola A.
Dept. of Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape
Design Alex. Univ., Egypt.
El-Mokadem,
Hoda E.
Dept. of Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape
Design Alex. Univ., Egypt.
El-Baz,
Hend M.
Dept. of Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape
Design Alex. Univ., Egypt.
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.3104
In vitro regeneration of Ruta graveolens L. was carried out using three different explants (shoot tips, lateral buds and leaves) with three medium protocols to determine the best explants, which was shoot tips, linked with the optimum medium, which was MS+ 0.5 mg/l BAP + 0.3 mg/l NAA, for the high potentiality of shoot formation. To induce mutation, the best explant was treated with four doses of gamma radiation 10,20,30,40 Gy. Radiation levels affected shoot length and leaves number, where shoot length and leaves number increased by 10 Gy dose. Finally, rutin was extracted from shoots of field mother plant, in vitro plantlets and irradiated plants and determined using U.V. spectrophotometer. Plantlets irradiated by 10 Gy contained the highest amount of total rutin, (rutin in DW), whereas the lowest amount of total rutin was at 40 Gy. The in vivo unirradiated plantlets exhibited total rutin greater than those of 40 Gy irradiated plantlets, thus gamma radiation can affect the plant phenotype and the production of rutin.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3104.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3104_2b17a05211c64917c44a85f55517f432.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Terrain Analysis as a Criterion for Soil Attributes at Wadi Al-Shobeity, Northwestern Coast, Egypt
416
429
EN
MOHAMED E. A.
KHALIFA
Pedology Dept., Water resources and desert land division,
Desert Research Center, Egypt.
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.3105
Pedology has developed recently to include quite precise quantified methodologies for soil spatial distribution. These are generally based on the hypothesis that soil properties have distributed spatially over landscape through repeated patterns according to soil forming factors and processes. This study is based on the concept that catenary soil evolution is characterizing watershed basins in response to terrain features which guide drained water movement through or over land surface and consequently affect sediments and solutes transport and redistribution. Studied location occupies 1920 feddans representing the catchment basin of AlShobeity watershed which locate 68 km west of Mersa Matroh. As a toposequence, soils have been surveyed through the observation of thirty soil profiles, along a couple of parallel transects crossing the existing geomorphological units starting from southern plateau towards northern coastal plain. According to field survey and laboratory analysis eight soil mapping units have been differentiated with respect to profile depth, texture, and salinity. Accordingly, about 59.77% of the area is dominated by moderately deep soils, whereas deep and very deep ones covering only 21.6 % of the whole area. Most soils (88.4%) are sandy loam to sandy clay loam in texture. The area is dominated by slightly - to moderately saline soils, only 26.7% of the entire area is considered saline. DEM was generated over grid resolution 100 m, and then used to calculate primary topographic attributes which include slope, aspect, specific catchment area, maximum flow path, and profile curvature. Secondary terrain indices including wetness, stream power, and sediment transport indices were calculated and mapped. Results revealed that elevations of Al-Shobeity watershed decrease downward from 80 to 5 m ASL, in which surface slopes range between 0.3 and 8.4 %. Gentle slopes (1-2%) cover 52.8 % of the ground surface while slopped sites (510%) were found covering only 8.4 % of the entire area. The basin is classified into three classes according to wetness index where 25.8 % of the area is considered "saturation zone". Generally, sediment transport and stream power indices have non significant values except for some scattered zones over 17.5% and 21.6%, respectively, of the total area. Correlation matrix showed that slope is the highest correlated primary terrains attribute orderly with profile depth, salinity, sand, silt, clay, pH, and lime, where correlation coefficient ranged between 0.58 and 0.81. While wetness index was the most correlated secondary terrain quality orderly with sand, profile depth, clay, silt, and salinity, where correlation <br />coefficient ranged from 0.51 – 0.77. Deep and very deep soils don't exist unless slopes and wetness index were less than 1% and more than 5, respectively. Moreover, saline soils don't occur at slopes and wetness index more than 2% and less than 5, respectively. Stepwise linear regression analysis was used to relate numerically topographic attributes with soil properties. Significant regression coefficients were achieved at 0.01 significance level for soil depth, salinity, sand, and clay, respectively, as 0.68, 0.48, 0.55, and 0.40. Spatial distribution of estimated soil depth, texture, and salinity were mapped based on topographic attributes, and then compared with actual soil properties. Reasonable similarity degree was achieved between measured and estimated soil spatial distribution based on low standard error of prediction, in addition to finding out details and variations inside each soil mapping unit. This study indicate that the terrain-based technique carried out in Al-Shobeity watershed basin has shown a rather successful results concerning the estimation of soil attributes for more than 75 % of the total tested sits. Extrapolation trials may be done to enhance detection of soil variation at traditional maps which permit minimization of costs, efforts, and time.
Terrain analysis- Soil properties– Soil survey – Soil mapping – Correlation analysis– Regression analysis- Rainfed,Wadi Al-Shobeity – Northwestern coast of Egypt
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3105.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3105_332759a4e7d7e69f9ea9f8949d36d65f.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Maximize The Yield and Water Productivity by Investigating The Most Appropriate Rice Transplanting Methods under Saline and Non Saline Soils in North Delta of Egypt
430
438
EN
Abou Khadrah,
S. H.
Department of Agronomy, faculty of agriculture,
Kafrelsheikh University
Shimaa A.
Badawy
Department of Agronomy, faculty of agriculture,
Kafrelsheikh University
Saeid,
M.M.
Field Crop Research Institute, A.R.C, Egypt
Asmaa .M.
El-Shahawy
Field Crop Research Institute, A.R.C, Egypt
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.3106
A field experiments was conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate in two soils (saline and non saline) during 2009 / 2010 rice growing season. The present study was designed to determine the most appropriate rice (Oryza sativa L.) transplanting methods to maximize the productivity of rice grain yield, net profit and water productivity of rice crop in North Delta, Egypt. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Eight treatments were established in the permanent field, as follows: T1 (random transplanting), T2 (regular transplanting 20 x 20 cm), T3 (transplanting on beds 80 cm wide), seedlings were transplanting in hills (4-5 plants) on two sides, T4 (transplanting on beds 80 cm wide), seedlings were transplanted in hills (4-5 plants) on bottom, T5 (transplanting on beds 80 cm wide), seedlings were transplanted in hills (4-5 plants) on top and bottom, T6 (transplanting of furrows 60 cm wide), seedlings were transplanted in hills (4-5 plants) on two sides, T7 (transplanting of furrow 60 cm wide), seedlings were transplanted in hills (4-5 plants) on bottom. T8 (transplanting of furrows 60cm wide), seedlings were transplanted in hills (4-5 plants) on top and bottom. The following results could be summarized as follows: Data showed that the traditional method of transplanting received the highest amount of irrigation water. While, the transplanting on beds and furrow used less amount of irrigation water compared to traditional method of transplanting and regular transplanting method. Data revealed that the irrigation water can be saved by 0.336, 1.204, 1.277, 1.108, 1.025, 1.066 and 0.932 m3/fed. With T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 and T8 compared to conventional transplanting method. This quantity of water saving could be enough to cultivate rice area; 51.43, 185.6, 196.84, 170.66, 158.07, 164.36 and 143.68 thousands feddans under Kafr El-Sheikh governorate condition. Data indicated that the highest values of field water use efficiency was obtained from T3 (transplanting on beds 80 cm wide), seedlings were transplanted in hills (4-5 plants) on two sides in normal and saline soils. While, the lowest value was resulted from T1 (traditional method of <br />transplanting) under normal and saline soils conditions. Data showed that the maximum rice grain and straw yield were produced by the treatment of T2 compared to T1 in both seasons. The lowest grain and straw yield were recorded with T7 and T8 transplanting method. The highest mean values of 1000-grain weight were obtained by T7 treatment in normal and saline soils, respectively. While, the lowest values were resulted from T1 in normal soil and T4 in saline soil. Data indicated that the highest values of total income, net profit, water productivity and economic efficiency were realized when using regular transplanting of rice at North Delta. While, the lowest values were recorded with transplanting rice on beds and bottom of furrows with 60 cm wide.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3106.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3106_6e83eebf9e391d6e8e3bdc1b0e50a96b.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Evaluation of WARM Model for Simulating Some Rice Varieties in Northern Delta
439
451
EN
Shimaa A.
Badawy
Department of Agronomy, faculty of agriculture,
Kafrelsheikh University
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.3107
The present research study was carried out in Milan University, Italy during 2013 to simulate rice yield by using WARM simulation model. Research on rice cropping systems carried out in Egypt has to face the great climate changes, and the linked abundance of cultivated varieties, characteristic of the high latitudes-temperate areas where rice is traditionally grown. Therefore, dynamic simulation models can provide a useful tool for system analysis needed to improve the knowledge, the agronomic management and crop monitoring. WARM (Water Accounting Rice Model) simulates yield of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.), based on temperaturedriven development and radiation-driven crop growth. It also simulates; biomass partitioning, floodwater effect on temperature, spikelet sterility, floodwater and chemicals management, and soil hydrology. Biomass estimates from WARM were evaluated. The test-area was Sakah , Kaferelsheikh (Egypt). Data collected from 2003 to 2012 from rice crop grown under flooded and non-limiting conditions were split into a calibration (to estimate WARM model parameters) and an evaluation sets. Plants were sampled during the life cycle from rice plots of two rice cultivars Sakha 101 and Giza 177, maintained at potential production, to determine some important crop variables and parameters such as aboveground biomass (AGB), leaf area index (LAI), potential yield, specific leaf area, and the date of the main phonological stages. Results show that the model was able to simulate rice growth for both varieties. The assessment of model performances has shown average of relative root mean square error (RRMSE) calculated on AGB curves was above 50% for the calibration and 30% for evaluation sets. The modelling efficiency (EF) is always positive and the coefficient of determination (CD) is always very close to 1. Indeed, intercept and slope were always close to their optima and (R2) was always higher than 0.90. The indices of agreement calculated for the evaluation datasets were better than the corresponding ones computed at the end of the calibration, indirectly proving the robustness of the modeling approach. WARM’s robustness and accuracy, combined with the low requirements in terms of inputs and the implementation of modules for reproducing biophysical processes strongly influencing the year-to-year yield variation, make the model suitable for forecasting rice yields on regional, national and international scales.
WARM,Oryza sativa L,Simulation Model,flooded conditions,yield forecast,Climate Change
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3107.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3107_08b6eb0f7f6d20973898c5ba0716aa43.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
In Vitro Regeneration and Somaclonal Variation of Catharanthus roseus Don. Using Leaf and Internodal Explants
452
459
EN
El-Mokadem,
Hoda E.
Dept. of Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture and
Landscape Design Alex. Univ., Egypt.
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.3108
This work was done at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Floriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt, during the period from 2010 to 2012, to determine the effect of cultivar (Rosea and Alba), explant (leaf and internode) and different concentrations of two growth regulators (PGR) (IAA and BA) on plant regeneration of Catharanthus roseus. The collected data were: callus induction, number of formed shoots, root induction and survival. Calluses developed from both leaf and intermodal explants of both cultivars when cultured on MS with PGRs. All the measured data were significantly influenced by the differences in cultivar, medium constituents and kind of explant. These differences were appeared in the interaction among them. Rosea was always superior to Alba. Internodal explant was better than leaf explant in all tested data. The medium which gave the highest average of callus induction was MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IAA+4.0 mg/l BA, while the medium without growth regulators did not produce any callus. The internodal explant of Rosea produced the highest mean value of shoot formation by MS medium supplemented with 0.0 mg/l IAA+4.0 mg/l BA. In vitro cuttings of regenerated Catharanthus roseus rooted easily. The highest rooting rate was recorded by MS supplemeted with 1.0 mg/l IAA+4.0 mg/l BA. 70% of the acclimatized plants survived and bloomed. Somaclonal variations were reported, show leaf variegation in color and morphology of some leaves. In this study different types of variants were obtained in leaf shape (28.5%).
Catharanthus roseus,shoot regeneration,Plant growth regulators,somaclonal variation
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3108.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3108_78173c8f5f7b5bd5d86cadb521df83be.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Integration of GIS and Modeling to Study Soil Characterization, Evaluation and Sensitivity to Degradation of some Alluvial Deposits, Egypt
460
475
EN
Yehia,
H. A.
Soil salinity and alkalinity lab; soil, water and environment
research institute (SWERI), Giza
Fayed,
R. I.
Soil salinity and alkalinity lab; soil, water and environment
research institute (SWERI), Giza
Rateb,
K. A.
Soil salinity and alkalinity lab; soil, water and environment
research institute (SWERI), Giza
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.3109
The present study aimed to 1) characterize the main soil units, 2) evaluate the land capability and suitability, and 3) use quantitative method to map the environmental sensitivity area for desertification for some Alluvial deposits, West Delta, Egypt, through coupling between Geostatistical analysis and ALES-Arid model for land evaluation in Geographic Information System (GIS) Environment. Geostatistical analysis was carried out to map the spatial distribution of the soil characteristics, and then extract the soil mapping units from the overlaying different soil character layers in GIS environment. Finally, land capability was calculated for each soil mapping unit. To categorize soil properties, 40 soil profiles were dug to 150 cm depth, and laboratory analysis indicted that the soil is characterized by clayey texture and low salinity. The results of spatial variability and dependence in the surface layer indicate that the best fitting semi-variogram models were the gaussian model for soil salinity and SAR and the spherical model for CaCO3 and Organic matter content and the exponential model for soil depth. In the same time the optimum sampling distance for any further study of EC, SAR, CaCO3, Organic matter content and soil depth were 191, 242, 751, 927 and 504 m, respectively. Six soil units were dominated namely, low saline deep clayey soil (21.10%), moderately saline deep clayey soil (61.19%), highly saline deep clayey soil (9.62%), low saline shallow clayey soil (2.65%), moderately saline shallow clayey soil (5.00%) and highly saline shallow clayey soil (0.44%). Calculated Desertification Sensitivity Index (DSI) showed that most of the study area (64 % of the total area) is very low sensitive to desertification and about 36 % of the total area was not affected. The land evaluation results for the study area shows that the capability class C2 (Kh), which indicated moderate land capability with hydraulic conductivity limiting factor covered an area about 75.80% of the total area and C2 (Kh, Ec), which indicated moderate capability with hydraulic conductivity and soil salinity as limiting factors covered an area about 24.20% of the total area. The suitability results show that the area suitable for some crops (fruit trees, field crop and vegetables) but under specific management practices and the main limitations were soil depth, soil salinity, and hydraulic conductivity.
Geostatistical analysis,GIS,soil units,kriging analysis,Land evaluation,Environmental sensitivity
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3109.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3109_43123b445f9351835fcfc4a336307701.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Genetic Analysis of Root and Hypocotyl Color Traits in Sugar Beet
476
482
EN
EL-Sayed
A.K.
Agricultural Botany Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture
(Saba-Bacha), University of Alexandria,
Nader R.
Abdelsalam
Agricultural Botany Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture
(Saba-Bacha), University of Alexandria,
Hayam, E. A.
Ibrahim
Sugar Crops Research Institute, Department of Genetics
and breeding (ARC).
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.3110
The present research was carried out in Sabahia Agricultural Research Station, Alexandria, Egypt, (2010 - 2013) to study root and hypocotyl colors traits in sugar beet in F2 plants derived from hybridization among sugar beet multigerm diploid American inbred line (C39) and Egyptian table beet. In addition to, Gene frequency of hypocotyl colors (Red, Pink and green) in the three multigerm sugar beet populations introduced from USA "3859 (Sp), Z120 and 3915 (Sp)". Results revealed that F2 phenotype seedlings from (C39 X Table beets) were segregated to three groups according to leaf, hypocotyl and root colors. The main synopsis are gene frequency of hypocotyl colors in the three examined populations indicated that green hypocotyl (rr) were presented in rear percentages (eg, 0.016, 0.01 and 0.02) in populations "3859 (Sp), Z120 and 3915 (Sp)" in the three examined populations, respectively.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3110.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3110_61c052804fbbd598c39de357f3b36214.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Yield Pattern of Sugar Peas Cultivars as Influenced By Planting Dates to Meet The Export Requirements
483
498
EN
Doaa M.
Mostafa
Veg.Res.Dept.Hort.Inst. Agic.Rec.Center, Giza, Egypt
d_flower88@yahoo.com
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.3111
Six cultivars of sugar peas (Pisumsativum, L.) Var. Sugar Lace, Mange Tout, Cascadia, Sugar Daddy, Toledo and Giant Sugar, were tested at eight planting dates (1and 15 September, October, November and December) in (2010/2011)and (2011/2012) growing seasons. Significant differences were detected among planting dates in relation to their effects on plant height and total yield. The planting dates of the first and mid October were the best in this regard. Exportable yield was significantly the highest when sown on 1 and 15 October, in both seasons. The first and 15of October and the first of November planting dates did not show any significant differences in the percentage of exportable yield, while, significant differences were found when these dates were compared to earlier or later dates of planting in both seasons, where substantial reduction in exportable yield noticed was occurred. Planting on the first of September resulted in the earliest opened flowering in both seasons. Sugar Daddy had the tallest plants followed by Toledo, Giant sugar, sugar Lace and Mange Tout. Where the first cultivar gave the earliest flowering, followed by Sugar lace, Cascadian, Sugar Daddy and Mange Tout, in both season, and significant differences between cultivars were found . Mange Tout gave the highest yield in the two seasons, while Sugar Daddy showed the lowest total yield in both seasons. The highest amount of exportable yield was obtained from.Mange tout; Sugar Daddy had the lowest yield in both years. Significant differences were found among cultivars in both seasons on the percentage of exportable yield.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3111.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3111_33f9a14beba62740bd776ff6ad25f0ef.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
The Impact of Soaking and Germination on Chemical Composition, Carbohydrate Fractions, Digestibility, Antinutritional Factors and Minerals Content of Some Legumes and Cereals Grain Seeds
499
513
EN
Samia
El-Safy, F.
Food Sciences and Technology Department,
dr_samiaelsafy@yahoo.com
Rabab, H.A.
Salem
Food Sciences and Technology Department,
lenaspp@yahoo.com
Ensaf Mukhtar,
Y.Y.
Nutrition and Food Sciences Department,
Faculty of Home Economics, Al Azhar University, Nawag, Tanta,
Gharbia, Egypt.
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.3112
Germination of legumes and cereals seed causes some important changes in the biochemical and a nutritional characteristic of the legumes that may be beneficial to human’s health and nutritional status. This study evaluated the effects of soaking for 6 and 12 hr and germination for 2 and 4 days with or without light on the chemical composition, carbohydrate fractions (starch, total sugars, reducing sugars and total carbohydrates), in vitro starch and protein digestibility, antinutritional factors, minerals content (macro and micro elements, ppm) of some legume (peas, lentils, chickpea and faba bean) and cereal grains (oats and wheat). The proximate composition in studied seeds was affected by soaking and germination. In germinated samples, moisture and protein and total dietary fiber contents increased while carbohydrate, and fat were decreased. Germination caused increase in vitro starch and protein digestibility contents of all the legume and cereal samples. Phytic acid and trypsin inhibitors contents were decreased in germinated legumes and cereals. The decreased in phytic acid and trypsin inhibitors contents were due to enzymatic changes during soaking and germination period in seeds. The presence or absence of light during the germination process did` not affect the results achieved. It can be concluded that soaking and sprouting improved the nutritional worth of the selected legumes and cereals in terms of higher concentration of nutrients, reduced phytic acid, trypsin inhibitors and improved protein content and ascorbic acid. Germinated legumes and cereals can be incorporated with wheat-based food product such as bread or pasta to improve nutrition content.
Soaking,Germination,Legumes,cereals,Chemical composition,carbohydrate fractions,in vitro starch and protein digestibility,antinutritional factors,mineral contents
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3112.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3112_2748c579b24fb6d6e7b9881d061a0d1c.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Effect of Hive Warming During Winter on Hanone Honey Production and It's Effect on Escherichia coli Bacteriumin Ei-Gable Ei-Akhader, Lybia
363
367
EN
Saleh Ali
M. Al-Abid Alla
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.159249
Th The present study was initiated to show the effect of hive warming on the quantity and quality of produced hanone honey in El-Gable Al-Akhader, Lybia. The results indicated that the hive covering led to increase of the quantity of capped cells and ripened honey which enhance and encourage the worker bees activities for gathering, storing and honey ripening. It was found that warming the hive increased the quantity and quality of honey in those covered hives than the uncovered ones.
Three concentrations of honey produced from either capped or uncapped cells (25, 50 and 75%) in comparison with a standard antibiotic were tested against <em>E. coli</em> . The honey collected from capped cells inhibited the bacteria <em>E. coli, </em>better than the honey collected from other uncapped cells. The results also indicated that as the concentration of capped cells honey in a solution increased, the inhibition of the bacterium <em>E. coli </em> also increased
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159249.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159249_e70efebefed522066f1bf9b918ba3b05.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
The Role of Agricultural Research Centers in Adapting and Developing Agricultural Technologiest Farmers in Ninyweh Province and Its Relationship to some Factors
368
378
EN
Ali Ahmed
Ghaidhaib
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.159250
This research aims basically to identify the role of agricultural researchers in the process of development and adaptation of agricultural technologies to farmers in the province of Ninyweh and appreciate their role in this process, as well as find a correlation between the role of agricultural researchers and all of the factors the following independent (age, educational level, jurisdiction, the years of service research) as well as to identify problems related to the process of development and adaptation of agricultural technologies to farmers and determine the extent of these problems has included research farm in the Department of Agricultural Research in Ninyweh province, was collected research data through a questionnaire that is specially prepared to identify the role of agricultural researchers in the process of development and adaptation agricultural technologies the first part, included a data related to researchers farm . the second part has (10) paragraphs to measure the role of agricultural researchers in the process of development and adaptation of agricultural technologies. The researcher has been achieved honesty virtual and sincerity of content as it was calculated stability in a way retail midterm reached reliability coefficient (0.923), after rating data has been used a number of statistical means as (simple correlation,
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159250.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159250_920b0396a83de19fafeba043834ac3d8.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Effect of Broccoli Intake on Antioxidants in the Liver and Kidneys Tissues of Hyperglycemic Rats
379
390
EN
Hassan Abdel
Raouf El-Hendy
Huda
Hassan Abdel Raouf El-Hendy
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.159251
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of broccoli intake on hyperglycemic rats. The Broccoli was bought from the local market of Saudi Arabia and the chemical analyses were conducted. After steam boiling of broccoli for 4-5 minutes, it was dried at 50 centigrade and added to the diet. The research sample included 50 male adult Albino rats, its weight ranged from 200-210 grams. After the rats adapted to their new environmental conditions, they were divided into seven equal groups composed of 10 rats in each group. The first group was fed the standard diet (negative control group), whereas the 40 rats were injected with Streptozetocin 60 mg/kg and the rats became diabetic. The treated animals were divided into groups of the positive control group and the second group was fed with the standard meal; while the third, fourth, and fifth groups were fed with the standard meal mixed with 10, 20, 30% of dried broccoli respectively, for two mouths. At the end of the experiment, the results showed improved all biochemical parameters in the serum and antioxidants in each of the liver and kidneys of rats fed on broccoli.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159251.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159251_2f9ddc74febf86c9ef07f5d8700eecb6.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Awareness Levels of Housewives on the Precautions on The Usage and Storage of Pesticides - Province Dir'iya Saudi Arabia
391
399
EN
Fahad
Owis Aldosari
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.159252
This study aims primarily to explore the degree of awareness of housewives to follow the preventive measures when using and storing of pesticides, the most important sources of information they use; their awareness levels related to the application and storage of pesticides. The article provides information on the preventive measures adopted by the housewives respondents when they apply pesticides in the house. This study was conducted on 95 housewives residing in the province of Dir'iya. Primary data has been collected by using the questionnaire through conducting the personal interviews. The data were subjected to statistical analyses and the results of the study are presented in the form of: percentages, arithmetic means, standard deviation, and analysis of variance (Scheffe test).
The most important findings of the study revealed that as high as 52.6% of respondents did not protect themselves and used their hands to mix the pesticides, 45.3% respondents used appropriate tools for mixing the pesticides. Some 44.2% did realize the need to have shower with soap and water after the spraying process. As little as 20% of respondents, applied the needed and correct quantity of spray after making the calculation. With regard to storage of the pesticides, some 48.8% of house-wives store pesticides in the kitchen with the other cleaning materials. As low as 20% respondents store pesticides in the storage room, while only 7.4% store according to the instructions indicated on labels of the containers and follow the warning signs.
Regarding the information sources used by the respondents, some 42.1% of instructions presented on the exterminator card happened to be the primary source of their information and 23.2% just the pesticides on the basis of their personal experiences. While 18.9% reported that get information on the use of pesticides from the flyers, radio programs, newspapers and magazines. According to the results of the statistical analysis (Scheffe test) significant differences on the usage of pesticides among the housewives were observed and they could be attributed to the factors like: experience and adoption of preventive measures when applying the pesticide in the house.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159252.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159252_1b50b0f1355c4c515104f31d597b0854.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
The Employees Role of Agricultural Equipment Company in The Provision and Distribution of Agricultural Technologies to Farmers in The Province of Neynwih and Its Relationship to Some Variables
400
410
EN
Ali
Ahmed Ghaidhaib
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.159253
This research aims basically to identify the role employees agricultural equipment company in the provision and distribution of agricultural technologies to farmers in the province of Neynwih.
The research aims to estimate their role in this process, as well as find relationship between the role of the respondents and all of the factors the following independent (age, educational level, jurisdiction, the number of years of service in the company agricultural equipment), as well as identify the problems related to the provision and distribution of agricultural technologies to farmers, Also to determine the extent of these problems.
Data was collected a data through a questionnaire specially prepared to identify the role . The first part of data relate with respondents, while the second part has (10) paragraphs to measure the role of the respondents in the provision and distribution of agricultural technologies then I has been achieved validity and reliability as it was calculated stability in a way retail midterm reached reliability coefficient is (0.910), after the data classification has been used a number of means of statistical like (simple correlation coefficient Pearson, the correlation coefficient Spearman, and standard deviation, and the arithmetic mean, the arithmetic average weighted, and others).
The results showed that the majority of respondents into the category(sample role)where he's (19) respondents constitute a proportion (47.5%)of percentage of respondents, Also, the results showed that paragraph (processing technology to farmers) ranked first and it has weight percentage of (53.75) The results showed no significant correlation with the following variables studied (age, level of education, competence, number of years of service in the company agricultural equipment) .
The results also show that there are five major problems faced the process of provision and distribution of agricultural technologies, the problem was ranked first is (problem of the lack of technologies needed by the farmer) and the weight percentage of (3.2), while the last ranked problem is (the absence of significant financial support), finally these results has been reached a number of conclusions and propose some recommendations.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159253.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159253_638295d4982c4a19df84313760b793a0.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
The Role of Agricultural Extension Agents in The Process of Transferring of Agricultural Technologies to Farmers in Nineveh Province and Its Relationship with some Variables
411
422
EN
Ali Ahmed
Ghaidhaib
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.159254
This research aims to identify the role of agricultural extension agents in the process of transfer of agricultural technologies to farmers in the province of Nineveh and understand their role in this process, as well as find a correlation between the role of agents and all the following independent factors (age, educational level, jurisdiction, the number of years of service guidelines) as well as identify the problems relating to the transfer of agricultural technologies to farmers and determine the extent of these problems has included search all agricultural extension agents in the Agriculture Department of Nineveh province, that is mount (46) agents agriculturally, were collected research data through a questionnaire specially prepared to identify the role of agricultural extension agents in the process of transfer of agricultural technologies, and included the first part of which data relate farm while ensuring the second part (10) items to measure the role of agricultural extension agents in the process of transfer of agricultural technologies has been achieved honesty virtual and sincerity of content as it was calculated the steadindss has been counted by half separatiom way and it reashes tow. (0.982)
After classifying data some of the counting means have been used (simple connection factor Berson) rank connection factor for sperman the standard decline, arithmetic intermediate, and the balanced arithmetic intermediate. The results showed that most of researched are included in the simple, that have (20) researched of an amount (43,479) of (63,766). They also indicated that there is no clear connection relation with the studied changes.
They showed that the first problem is (the difficulty of going to the aimed areas because of the security situation) of % 4, 239, where as the last (the least importance in transporting the agricultural technologies. From the side of agricultural ministry. Depending on these results, some conclusions have been drawn and some recommendation have been suggested.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159254.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159254_53d3fdbfea670372458dd416d79b1a7f.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Developing a Scale for the Attitude of Students of some Faculties of Agriculture towards Settlement in Reclaimed Lands
423
431
EN
Mohamed
Ghanim El-Hanafy
Amany Abd El-Monem
Elsaiedib
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.159255
This study aims basically to develop a reliable and valid scale for the attitude of students of faculties of agriculture towards settlement in reclaimed lands. The primary form of this scale contained 4 components, each of them represented by 10 statements. The forty statements were judged by 15 jury specialized in agricultural extension and rural development. Validity results show that the scale has an acceptable level of validity for all the phrases in its initial form.
The empirical phase of the scale is performed on a sample composed of 172 respondents from the students of faculties of agriculture of El-Shatby, Sababasha and Damanhour.
Variety of statistical techniques were applied in data analysis, including Factor analysis, Stepwise, Multiple Linear Regression, Pearsons product moment correlation coefficient, Alpha coefficient of ''cronbach'', and Validity tests.
Major findings of the study can be summarized as follows:
1- The final form of the scale contains the following four components:
a- The economic component
b- The social component
c- The psychological component
d- The geographic environmental component
These four components contain 31 statements.
2- The findings indicate that the social component is the most important components as it explains 0.76 of the variance in the attitude of students of faculties of agriculture towards settlement in reclaimed lands, then the geographical-environmental component (0.12), the economic component (0.9), and the psychological component (0.3).
3- Measuring the internal consistency revealed that all of the statements were correlated significantly with the total instrument and its components, which confirmed in its validity to compound the scale itself.
4- The study findings reveal high validity and reliability of the scale, the scale Alpha reliability coefficient of "Cronbach" is 0.79 concerning its four components and 0.8 concerning its 31statements, with validity coefficient 0.89, 0.89 respectively.
5- Depending upon the validity and reliability results, the scale was considered a reliable and valid instrument to be used to measure attitude of students of faculties of agriculture towards settlement in reclaimed lands.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159255.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159255_3d18a0d4e5a4f18152a47aa61303e87f.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Opinions and Suggestions of Farmers About Some Agricultural Polices to Increase The Production of Some Stratigic Crops in Abou Homosan and Koum Hamada Regions, El Beheira Governorate
432
442
EN
Nagwa
F. Khatab
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.159256
This study aims mainly at identifying opinions and suggestions of farmers about some agricultural polices to raise the yield of wheat, cotton and maize in some villages in Abou Homos and Koum Hamada, El Beheira governorate. To fulfill this aim, the following was studied:
Identifying some of personal characteristics of examined farmers.
Study some agricultural polices which negatively affected wheat, cotton and maize planting.
Identifying the problems faced investigated farmers as a result of applying existent agricultural polices.
Identifying the promising agricultural polices which may raise the production of wheat, cotton and maize crops.
For the implementation of this work, an interview questionnaire was constructed to collect data about respondents in Garadat and Dyr Ames villages of Abou Homos region and in Slamon, Nitma and Bultya villages of Koum Hamada region. The study conducted on a randomly selected sample of 196 farmers population in the research area.
The statistical analysis method used included: percentages, rang, repetitive tables and means.
The results of this study could be summarized as follows:
Data revealed that agricultural polices led to retard the production of wheat, cotton and maize according to respondents repetitions include:
a) Cancelation of subsidy of production needs (98.63%).
b) There is no declarative crop price before the beginning of planting seasons (95.23%).
c) Cancellation of applying crops rotation (88.43%).
d) Cancellation of cooperative marketing (68.02%).
e) There is no agricultural polices that help to find outlets for cotton exportation (46.93%).
f) Absence of polices concerning newly irrigation methods (44.21%).
Concerning the problems faced the respondents as a result of applying existent agricultural polices according to respondents repeatations were:
a) Meager outcome of cotton or maize production (99.32%).
b) High cost price of some production needs such as seeds, fertilizers and pesticides and some of them were adulterated or expired (97.95%).
c) Marketing problems and dealing with middlemen and monopolizers (91.83%).
d) Spread of pests and the high cost of pest control (88.43%).
e) Spread of agricultural draining problems (85.71%).
f) Diminishing of land fertility (83.67%).
Regarding suggested agricultural polices from respondents to increase the production of cotton and maize crops according to respondents repeatation were as follows:
a) Determination of clear and actual agricultural polices to declare crops price at the proper time before planting (98.37%).
b) Find agricultural polices regarding availability of production inputs (96.74%).
c) Find agricultural polices concerning planning for agricultural production (93.49%).
d) Finance and support the farmers through agricultural polices (91.05%).
e) Find marketing outlets working under supervision of the governorate to support farmers (81.30%).
f) Finding exporting outlets especially for cotton crop (80.48%).
g) Agricultural polices face risks and compensate farmers (39.02%).
h) Find agricultural polices concern in investation in new reclaimed land (36.59%).
i) Activate national agricultural campaign among farmers (28.45%).
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159256.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159256_680c427e3dadbaec084c814e86e33ad7.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Minimization of The Costs of Feed for Red Meat Production Using Linear and Quadratic Programming
443
466
EN
M. A. H.
Shafey
S.Z.S.
Masoud
S.M.A.
Sallam
M. S. S.
El-Tabakh
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.159257
The objectives of this study were to instigate the replacement of different alternative feed resources in total mixed rations of beef steers for maximizing the productivity and reduce the feeding costs.<br /> This study was used a method of economic analysis guideline of Normative Analysis through the formulation of a mathematical model to describe the current distribution of them, in a manner of Linear Programming and considered a model representative of the state of Base Solution then adapt this model in light of a number of restrictions realism to get to know the results of the following combinations of alternative feed resources in total mixed rations, as use sensitivity analysis to test the sensitivity of the optimal solutions reached, shadow prices per ton of each ingredient to evaluate the efficiency of alternative combinations of price .<br /> It is clear from the results that the alternative feed rations models in linear programming has excelled as high as those in the case of quadratic programming except diet (4), wich has been in the substitution of corn silage wheat straw and alfalfa hay, where the amount of impairment is 0.13 pounds / ton approx.<br /> thus It gives a general indication of the superiority of linear programming from those squared when the diets of animal and alternatives resources were combiend as well as the possibility of increasing the feed efficiency of animals using those alternatives forage at lower cost, with the possibility of reducing the price of a kilogram of red meat for the consumer,maintain the stability and even lower the prices of red meat on the long term , achieve a surplus of free currency directed to the outside , which ultimately leads to higher standards of living of the citizen is the ultimate goal of all development plans.This study recommends the possibility of following and apply the investigated feeding system under the strategy pursued by the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159257.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159257_221978e108052793dcbce0004df107cd.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Efficiency of Agricultural Resources Management in The Arab Countries
467
490
EN
Sameh Mohamed
Hassan Shehab
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.159258
This research objective mainly to measure efficiency of resources management in Arab agricultural sector, during the average of The studying period, the first period 2002 – 2006,and the second period 2007 -2011, Has been used statistical methods, such as means, percentages, growth rate, Analysis of Variance ) ANOVA), and Technical efficiency Analysis by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), To achieve the study purpose, data were collected mainly From the Arab Organization of Agricultural development in particular Arab agricultural statistics yearbook and (FAOSTAT) of the United Nations, reports, theses, books, and web sites of internet were also utilized for this purpose.
The most important results of the research are:
1-The average of individual from available water was less than 1000 m<sup>3</sup> in Arab countries, except Mauritania, and Iraq. The water stress was about 95, 69% it refers to high stress of Arab water, Except Djibouti, and Mauritania.
2- Shows study the annual growth rate for Gross agricultural product in Arab countries during the average of the studying period 2002 – 2011 about 8, 2%, Ranged between a minimum of around 3, 4% in Saudi Arabia, and a maximum of around 17% in Jordan, it was showed that contributed percent of agricultural percent in domestic product was 6, 76% Ranged between a minimum of around 0, 14% in Qatar, and a maximum of around 68.90% in Somalia.
3- The average of technical efficiency from Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) DEA during the two periods study, about 0,663, 0,771 respectively, the Arab Countries have a completed efficiency was 35,29%, 47,06 % respectively.
4- The average of technical efficiency from Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) DEA during the two periods study, about 0,789, 0,857 respectively, the Arab Countries have a completed efficiency was 64,71%, 58,82 % respectively.
5- The Estimation of scale efficiency in the Arab Countries during the two periods study was 0,809, 0.901, it refers to Increasing the value of Gross agricultural product about 19,1%, 9,9% respectively with the same amount to Arab Agricultural Resources.
6- by using Analysis of Variance) ANOVA) for technical efficiency from Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) DEA, Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) DEA, and Scale efficiency during the two periods study, the results explained not significant differences.
Study Recommendation:
The research recommends using the Arab Agricultural Resources according to the Aspects and Indicators efficiency, and decreasing the use of input's slacks to achievement the Sustainability Development.
<strong> </strong>
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159258.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159258_0d187aa239e1fb6d64033439995e7175.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Aspects and Indicators of Water Resources in The Nile Basin Countries
491
499
EN
Olivia El-Sayed
Saleh
Mohamed Mohamed
El – Mahy
Sameh Mohamed
Hassan Shehab
Yasmin Mohamed
Mahmoud Zaki
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.159259
This research objective to evaluation the present situations for WaterSecurity in the Nile Basin Countries, Has been used descriptive economical and statistical methods, Research has relied on secondary data in achieving its objectives, in particular Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), (FAOSTAT) of the United Nations.
<strong>The most important results of the research are:</strong>
1- Available water in the Nile Basin Countries was about 1748.11Milliard m<sup>3</sup>, the total amount of used water was about 111.12 Milliard m<sup>3</sup>, a portion of agriculture sector was about 65% in most of the Nile Basin Countries, and the average of individual from available water was less than 1000 m<sup>3</sup> in Rwanda, Kenya, Egypt, respectively.
2- The water stress was less than about 10%, Except Sudan and Egypt are, 42.78%, 119.20%, respectively.
3- The dependency of Water was reached to12.75% in Tanzania, to reach a maximum in Egypt, about 96.86% its means very high level of risk and water challenges foreign .while the both of Ethiopia, and Rwanda hasn't a dependency of Water.
<strong>Study Recommendation:</strong>
The research recommends the importance of programs, projects, integration, and economic cooperation, agriculture and water between the Nile Basin Countries, and rational water consumption.
.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159259.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159259_d3d6034a8c4a23683724de5eb0702d6e.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
2-Reduction of Pesticides Effect on Soil Microorganisms by Addition of Organic Matter under Laboratory Conditions
500
513
EN
Delshad
Rassul Aziz
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.159260
The widespread used of pesticides during agricultural service caused soil pollution by toxic chemicals found in these compounds in the soils, affecting on soil microorganisms, changing their numbers. Also heated matter affects the period of maintain of these pollutants in soils whereas the pesticide mobility depends on its reacting with soil particles and soil organic matter according to adsorption and desorption.
The objectives of this work were to study the effect of pesticides on the soil microbial and reduction of ecosystem pollution by addition of organic matter, for that, laboratory experiment was conducted to valence the pesticide addition effect on soil microbial numbers and possibility of reduction of there effects by organic matter supplying in Kirkuk province. So two soils were chosen in Shwan and Alton –Kopri, soil samples were air dried, sieved throw 2mm sieve. Hundred gms of soil were taken in plastic dishes, treated with insecticides, herbicides and fungicide includes malathion, tripline and phycotop respectively in recommended and three times more than recommended doses, 1% organic matter (Liq-humus 18%) was added to reduce pesticides effects ,then the soils incubated at 28-<sup>+</sup>2C<sup>o</sup> and moisture humidity maintain at 70% of field capacity, Soil samples were taken periodically after 1, 10, 25 and 35days to estimate total bacterial colony, fungus and actinomycetes.
The obtained result indicated that the soil microorganisms have important roles for studying pesticides side-effects, whereas these pesticides, generally, reduce soil microbial numbers. In recommended dosages, the greatest effect on soil bacteria occurred by phycotop treatment followed by tripline and malathion,but actinomycetes were more affected by malathion. In three times more than recommended treatment ,tripline was more effective on bacteria followed by phycotop and malathion, but phycotop was more inhibitor for fungus and actinomycetes.
The results also indicated that organic matter reduces inhibition effects of used pesticides in both soils. Shwan soil treated by organic matter exceed on all other treatments in all soil microbial numbers, followed by Alton-Kopri treated by organic matter and then Shwan and Alton-Kopri un treated soils. The obtained data showed that all used pesticides have toxic effect on soil microorganisms with differences caused by there maintain in soil and dosage concentration.Data showed that the greatest number of soil microorganisms occurred at the 35<sup>th</sup> day of the experiment.
Pesticides,soil microorganisms,organic matter
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159260.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159260_d4bd10e6f822a08c278f1661ed47106f.pdf
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
34
October- December
2013
12
01
Aesthetic Characteristics of The Residential Environment and Child’s Room and Its Relationship with Some of The Family’s Economical, Social, and Cultural Variables (Field Study in East District in Alexandria City)
514
554
EN
Magda
Kh. Gaballah
Ahmed
S. Abu Donia
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.159261
The main objective of this study was to determine the level of aesthetic characteristics for both the residential environment and child’ room according to the degree of sophistication of the residential area, and study the effect of some of the family economical, social, and cultural variables on these characteristics level. To achieve this objective, a purposive random sample was selected from houses of East District in Alexandria city consisted of (150) residential units from three residential areas with different degrees of sophistication; Smouha (high–class), shots (mid – class), and Al– Awayed (public), (50) residential units from each area of families who have children in middle – childhood stage (6-9 years) or lat childhood (6-12 years) or both.
Two research tools were used; a standard to determine family’s economical social cultural level. Through this standard, some general data of the family were collected (number of the family members, educational and professional level of both the headfamily and housewife). There was another standard which was used to determine the aesthetic characteristics level for the residential environment with its two dimensions (the external and the internal) and child’s room. A descriptive analytical approach was applied. Frequencies, percentages, averages, standard deviations, (F) test, person correlation coefficient (r), and multiple regression analysis stepwise, this was by using the statistical package program for social sciences (Spss).
<strong>The most important results concluded from this study were:</strong>
- There were statistically significant differences at level (0.01) among families of different residential areas in all economical, social, and cultural characteristics for the families of higher sophisticated areas.
- There were statistically significant differences at level (0.01) in the degree of aesthetic characteristics of the external residential environment with its two dimensions (the residential site and the house from outside), and also in the degrees of the whole residential environment (both external and internal) among the levels of different residential areas for the higher sophisticated ones, while there were no statistically significant differences at level (0.05) among the residential areas with different sophistication levels in aesthetics characteristics degree of the internal residential environment.
- There were statistically significant differences at level (0.05) in the aesthetic characteristics degree of child’s room among the residential areas with different sophistication levels for the higher level.
- There was a positive significant correlation between each of the educational level of both headfamily and housewife, the professional level of headfamily, the economical social level of the family, the cultural level of the family, and the economical social cultural level of the family as separated independent variables, and between the degree of aesthetics characteristics for each of the external residential environment with its two dimensions (the residential site and the house from outside), the entire external residential, environment, the internal residential environment, the residential environment with its two dimension (both external and internal), and child’s room as separated dependent variables.
- There was a negative and no significant correlation at level (0.05) between the number of the family members as an independent variable, and between the aesthetic characteristics degree for each of the residential site, the external residential environment with its two dimensions (the residential site and the house from outside), the internal residential environment, the residential environment with its two dimensions (both external and internal), and child’s room as separated dependent variables.
- The economical social and cultural level of the family explains (38%) of the variance in the degree of the aesthetic characteristics of the residential environment with its two dimensions (both external and internal), and also explains (36%) of the variance in the aesthetic characteristics degree of child’s room.
<strong>The most important recommendations</strong> of the study were that, the officials of the residential districts should plan, clean and decorate them. In addition to, raising the economical, social, and cultural level of the family which is reflected in its interest in aesthetic characteristics of the residential environment with its two dimensions (the external and the internal) and child’s room which affects the aesthetic education of the individual who is responsible for the society’s progress and development. Finally, the study recommended searching for variables that contribute more to explain the variance in the aesthetics characteristics degree for both the residential environment (especially the internal one) and child’s room.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159261.html
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159261_46d1dd91bcc999c58767bbca44423536.pdf