eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-30
33
October-December
209
219
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3157
3157
Original Article
Application of HACCP System during Preparing Escalope Panee` Sandwich in Fast Food Restaurants
تطبيق نظام الهاسب خلال إعداد سندوتش قطع اللحم المحمرة في مطاعم الأغذية السريعة
Nadia A. Abd-El Aziz
1
Moharram Y. G.
2
Kotit S. M.
3
Attia R. S.
dr.ramadan_attia@yahoo.com
4
Meat and Fish Technol. Res. Dept., Food Technology Res. Inst. A.R.C., El-Sabahia, Alexandria, Egypt.
Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt.
Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt.
Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt.
Implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system during preparing the Escalope panee` sandwich in some fast food restaurant branches at Alexandria city, Egypt was carried out using physicochemical and microbiological tests to identify and eliminate the Critical Control Points (CCPs), which could lead to hazards. The obtained results showed that there were significant differences among the determined parameters, temperatures, pH, and microbiological quality due to restaurant branches, quality of meat slices, sandwich preparing steps and the interaction between such factors. The critical control points of this product were mainly due to the cross contamination from the different ingredients to the end product, workers to product, microbiological growth through abuse of storage holding time and temperature. Because meat slices are the only ingredient that subjects to heat treatment to make it safe, an effective supply assurance program for other sandwich ingredients is also necessary to ensure that their potential hazardous are properly eliminated.
Implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system during preparing the Escalope panee` sandwich in some fast food restaurant branches at Alexandria city, Egypt was carried out using physicochemical and microbiological tests to identify and eliminate the Critical Control Points (CCPs), which could lead to hazards. The obtained results showed that there were significant differences among the determined parameters, temperatures, pH, and microbiological quality due to restaurant branches, quality of meat slices, sandwich preparing steps and the interaction between such factors. The critical control points of this product were mainly due to the cross contamination from the different ingredients to the end product, workers to product, microbiological growth through abuse of storage holding time and temperature. Because meat slices are the only ingredient that subjects to heat treatment to make it safe, an effective supply assurance program for other sandwich ingredients is also necessary to ensure that their potential hazardous are properly eliminated.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3157_8e16e41049c2803368788cfea1ede498.pdf
Key words: Critical Control Points
quality assurance
Escalope Panee` Sandwich
Fast Food Restaurants
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-30
33
October-December
220
229
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3158
3158
Original Article
Evaluation of the Nutritional Status of Adult Patients at the Inpatient Department of Internal Medicine in Some Jeddah Hospitals
تقييم الحالة الغذائية للمرضى البالغين المنومين بقسم الباطنة ببعض مستشفيات جدة
Asmaa Saleh Ahmed Zahrani
1
Mohamed Nabil Basma Mohamed Nabil Basma
2
College of Education for Home Economics and Art Education. King Abdel Aziz University
Faculty of Agriculture, Home Economics Department, Alexandria University
This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of the adult patients at the inpatient department of internal medicine in some hospitals in Jeddah. The number of respondents was 166 patients, and the numbers of them with different chronic diseases and cancer were 88 patients and 31 patients, respectively; while the remaining(47) patients suffering from different diseases. Questionnaire was used as a tool of collecting data which included social and economic data. Three methods had been used in the study to assess the nutritional status: anthropometric measurements, Identify the adequacy of nutrient intake, and laboratory analysis. The results showed that the mean body mass index(BMI)of inpatients was(26.12±7.23 kg/m2). The calorie intake of the majority of the studied sample was less than the adequate calories intake per day. Intakes of(44%),(38.7%),(23.1%) of patients with chronic diseases, cancer and various diseases, respectively were less than the recommended intake. While it was found that the entire respondents' intake was less than adequate intake of fat per day. A statistically significant relationship was found between the level of albumin, creatinine, and hemoglobin and the types of disease. There was no statistical significant relationship between the level of white blood cells and the type of disease.
This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of the adult patients at the inpatient department of internal medicine in some hospitals in Jeddah. The number of respondents was 166 patients, and the numbers of them with different chronic diseases and cancer were 88 patients and 31 patients, respectively; while the remaining(47) patients suffering from different diseases. Questionnaire was used as a tool of collecting data which included social and economic data. Three methods had been used in the study to assess the nutritional status: anthropometric measurements, Identify the adequacy of nutrient intake, and laboratory analysis. The results showed that the mean body mass index(BMI)of inpatients was(26.12±7.23 kg/m2). The calorie intake of the majority of the studied sample was less than the adequate calories intake per day. Intakes of(44%),(38.7%),(23.1%) of patients with chronic diseases, cancer and various diseases, respectively were less than the recommended intake. While it was found that the entire respondents' intake was less than adequate intake of fat per day. A statistically significant relationship was found between the level of albumin, creatinine, and hemoglobin and the types of disease. There was no statistical significant relationship between the level of white blood cells and the type of disease.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3158_74fe564cac07b96d3987a038c72d1f7a.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-30
33
October-December
230
240
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3159
3159
Original Article
Efficiency of Certain Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizosphere Bacterium Treatments on the Incidence of Corn Stem Borers Infestation
تقدير کفاءة فطر الميکوريزا الداخلية والبکتيريا المصاحبة للجذور على الإصابة بثاقبات الذرة
Mesbah H.A.
1
Aboul-Nasr, Amal
2
EL-Sayed Nagda Ahmed
3
Rokaia Mohamed
4
Plant Protection, Dept., Fac. Agric., Saba-Basha, Alex., Univ.
Agric. Botany Dept., Agricultural Microbiology, Fac. Agric., Saba-Basha, Alex., Univ.
Plant Protection, Dept., Fac. Agric., Saba-Basha, Alex., Univ.
Plant Protection, Dept., Fac. Agric., Saba-Basha, Alex., Univ.
Two field experiments were carried out at the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture (Saba-Basha), Alexandria University, at Abees region, Alexandria, Egypt, during two subsequent seasons of 2009 / 2010 and 2010 / 2011 to evaluate the treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rhizosphere bacterium in addition to two current types of organic and mineral fertilizers on the lignin content in stems treated corn plants and the incidence of corn stem borers infestation. The obtained results, showed lower mean values of inspected stem borers larvae accompanied by higher value of lignin content in the stems of inoculated corn plants with the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices (G3) plus the rhizosphere bacterium Bacillus mycoides, in comparison to the uninoculated control in both current types of the adopted above mentioned fertilization. The fact was ascertained by the deduced correlated values of determined lignin content in stem of corn plant for the detected levels of stem borers infestation however they showed a strong negative relationship values (r= -0.82 ± 0.12 & r= - 0.80 ± 0.12) between them in case of both current normal tested types of the used fertilization. Though this detected negative relationship elucidates that when the lignin content in stem of corn plant increases, the infestation of stem borers decreases.
Two field experiments were carried out at the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture (Saba-Basha), Alexandria University, at Abees region, Alexandria, Egypt, during two subsequent seasons of 2009 / 2010 and 2010 / 2011 to evaluate the treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rhizosphere bacterium in addition to two current types of organic and mineral fertilizers on the lignin content in stems treated corn plants and the incidence of corn stem borers infestation. The obtained results, showed lower mean values of inspected stem borers larvae accompanied by higher value of lignin content in the stems of inoculated corn plants with the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices (G3) plus the rhizosphere bacterium Bacillus mycoides, in comparison to the uninoculated control in both current types of the adopted above mentioned fertilization. The fact was ascertained by the deduced correlated values of determined lignin content in stem of corn plant for the detected levels of stem borers infestation however they showed a strong negative relationship values (r= -0.82 ± 0.12 & r= - 0.80 ± 0.12) between them in case of both current normal tested types of the used fertilization. Though this detected negative relationship elucidates that when the lignin content in stem of corn plant increases, the infestation of stem borers decreases.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3159_ed7d01e09133e7be1da6bbddee048cdd.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-30
33
October-December
241
248
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3160
3160
Original Article
Improving Yield, Fruit Quality and Leaf Mineral Content of Hayany Date Palm By the Application of Olive Pomance and Mineral Fertilization
تحسين المحصول وجودة الثمار بإضافة مخلفات عصر الزيتون والتسميد المعدنى للنخيل صنف الحيانى
Hoda S. H. Aly
hoda_saad23@yahoo.com
1
M. M. Sourour
2
Hort. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.
Fac. of Environmental Agric. Sci., El Arish, Suez Canal Univ., Egypt.
The present investigation was carried out during 2010 and 2011 seasons on Hayany date palm cultivar grown at El-Arish, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt, and depended on rainfall for irrigation, to study the effect of using olive pomace alone (as organic fertilizer) or in combination with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on yield, fruit quality and some minerals content in leaves. The results could be summarized as follows. Fertilizing with 25 Kg olive pomace combined with N or NP or NK per palm tended to increase N content in pinnae as compared with other treatments. K content affected with the fertilization treatments, NK , 25 Kg olive pomace + NK and control treatments gave the highest of values leaf K content in both seasons. Moreover, P, Mg and Na content in pinnae were not significantly affected by different fertilization treatments including the control in both seasons. However Fe, Zn and Mn percentages were increased by adding olive pomace either alone or combined with mineral nutrients compared to other treatments. Concerning Ca content, no consistent trend was found between different treatments including the control. Moreover, adding olive pomace combined with NP and NK increased total chlorophyll in pinnae. As for the fruit chemical characteristics, no significant differences in TSS content in fruits were detected between different treatments including the controlexcept treatment N which gave the lowest value. Regarding fruit total sugars content the application of olive pomace alone or combined with the minerals increased fruit total sugars content, as compared to mineral fertilization. Fruit tannins were significantly higher when palms were fertilized with olive pomace alone as compared to other treatments.Adding olive pomace combined with minerals (N, NP and NK) significantly increased yield / palm than that of the control. Fertilizing with 25 Kg olive pomace combined with NK significantly increased the average fruit and pulp < /strong> weight, fruit length and diameter as compared with the control. No significant differences were found between different treatments in seed weight. According to the conditions of this experiment, it is recommended to fertilize Hayany date palm with 25 Kg olive pomace combined with NK which gave a reasonable yield with high fruit quality.
The present investigation was carried out during 2010 and 2011 seasons on Hayany date palm cultivar grown at El-Arish, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt, and depended on rainfall for irrigation, to study the effect of using olive pomace alone (as organic fertilizer) or in combination with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on yield, fruit quality and some minerals content in leaves. The results could be summarized as follows. Fertilizing with 25 Kg olive pomace combined with N or NP or NK per palm tended to increase N content in pinnae as compared with other treatments. K content affected with the fertilization treatments, NK , 25 Kg olive pomace + NK and control treatments gave the highest of values leaf K content in both seasons. Moreover, P, Mg and Na content in pinnae were not significantly affected by different fertilization treatments including the control in both seasons. However Fe, Zn and Mn percentages were increased by adding olive pomace either alone or combined with mineral nutrients compared to other treatments. Concerning Ca content, no consistent trend was found between different treatments including the control. Moreover, adding olive pomace combined with NP and NK increased total chlorophyll in pinnae. As for the fruit chemical characteristics, no significant differences in TSS content in fruits were detected between different treatments including the controlexcept treatment N which gave the lowest value. Regarding fruit total sugars content the application of olive pomace alone or combined with the minerals increased fruit total sugars content, as compared to mineral fertilization. Fruit tannins were significantly higher when palms were fertilized with olive pomace alone as compared to other treatments.Adding olive pomace combined with minerals (N, NP and NK) significantly increased yield / palm than that of the control. Fertilizing with 25 Kg olive pomace combined with NK significantly increased the average fruit and pulp < /strong> weight, fruit length and diameter as compared with the control. No significant differences were found between different treatments in seed weight. According to the conditions of this experiment, it is recommended to fertilize Hayany date palm with 25 Kg olive pomace combined with NK which gave a reasonable yield with high fruit quality.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3160_1526331560032a2449c0f8f5f3748152.pdf
Key words: Date palm
Organic fertilizer
Olive pomace
Leaf mineral content
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-30
33
October-December
249
253
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3161
3161
Original Article
Effect of Feeding and Starvation Intervals on the Performance and Productivity of the Silkworm Bombyx mori L.
تأثير التغذية والتجويع على آداء وإنتاجية دودة الحرير التوتية
Mona M. Mahmoud
1
Samia M. El-Hattab
2
Sericulture Dept., Plant Protection Res. Institute ARC, Alex., Egypt.
Sericulture Dept., Plant Protection Res. Institute ARC, Alex., Egypt.
Larvae of Bombyx mori L. were significantly affected by the number of daily meals offered to them. Larvae fed four or five times / day gave the highest records on the larval duration, weights of larvae, pupa, length and weight of female reproductive system. The lower weights were calculated from larvae fed by two meals / day. Insignificant differences were recorded on their pupal stage duration, length of female reproductive system, number of deposited eggs and hatchability. While, starvation gave a high significant effect on the decreased weights of larvae, pupa, silk gland, fresh cocoons and cocoon shell. Number of deposited eggs and hatchability didn’t give any significant differences between number of meals offered to the tested larvae and starvation intervals.
Larvae of Bombyx mori L. were significantly affected by the number of daily meals offered to them. Larvae fed four or five times / day gave the highest records on the larval duration, weights of larvae, pupa, length and weight of female reproductive system. The lower weights were calculated from larvae fed by two meals / day. Insignificant differences were recorded on their pupal stage duration, length of female reproductive system, number of deposited eggs and hatchability. While, starvation gave a high significant effect on the decreased weights of larvae, pupa, silk gland, fresh cocoons and cocoon shell. Number of deposited eggs and hatchability didn’t give any significant differences between number of meals offered to the tested larvae and starvation intervals.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3161_2afe93424cc04d8a024821459b512586.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-30
33
October-December
254
260
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3162
3162
Original Article
Fumigant Toxic Action and Repellent Effects of Plant Essential Oils against Two Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
دراسة الفعل السام البخارى والتأثير الطارد لثلاثة من الزيوت النباتية ضد الحلم العنکبوتى ذو البقعتين تترانيکس يورتيکا
Y. Dewer
1
Eldoksch H.
2
A. Kenawy
3
Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Plant Protection Research Station, P. O. Box 21616 Alexandria, Egypt
Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Plant Protection Research Station, P. O. Box 21616 Alexandria, Egypt
Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Plant Protection Research Station, P. O. Box 21616 Alexandria, Egypt
Three plant essential oils extracted by hydro-distillation from three medicinal plants namely,clove, Eugenia caryophyllata (Myrtaceae),basil, Ocimumbasilicum and peppermint, Menthapiperita (Lamiaceae) were tested for their fumigant toxic action and repellency effects against adults of the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychusurticae. A filter paper diffusion bioassay without allowing direct contract and dipping method respectively was used. Responses varied according to oil type and dose.In a petri dish 90x10mm as a test chamber at the high dose 200 µl /L air , clove oil gave 100% mortality after 24h of exposure against adult T.urticaewhereas 87.5 and 85.1% mortality were obtained with basil and peppermint oils respectively. The LC50 values of essential oils of clove, basil, andpeppermint against adult T. urticae were 32.2, 66.7 and 62.5 µl/L air, respectively. This indicates that the vapors of essential oil of clove exhibited the highest toxic effect on mites whereas basil and peppermintshowed relatively the least toxic action. Essential oils of clove, basil, and peppermint proven to have repellent effects with ED50s of 1.63, 3.43 and 4.88% respectively.The presentresults show that essential oils of the tested plants have the potential to be used in integrated pest management programs as safer alternative to conventional acaricides to control T.urticae on economic plants in commercial agriculture.
Three plant essential oils extracted by hydro-distillation from three medicinal plants namely,clove, Eugenia caryophyllata (Myrtaceae),basil, Ocimumbasilicum and peppermint, Menthapiperita (Lamiaceae) were tested for their fumigant toxic action and repellency effects against adults of the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychusurticae. A filter paper diffusion bioassay without allowing direct contract and dipping method respectively was used. Responses varied according to oil type and dose.In a petri dish 90x10mm as a test chamber at the high dose 200 µl /L air , clove oil gave 100% mortality after 24h of exposure against adult T.urticaewhereas 87.5 and 85.1% mortality were obtained with basil and peppermint oils respectively. The LC50 values of essential oils of clove, basil, andpeppermint against adult T. urticae were 32.2, 66.7 and 62.5 µl/L air, respectively. This indicates that the vapors of essential oil of clove exhibited the highest toxic effect on mites whereas basil and peppermintshowed relatively the least toxic action. Essential oils of clove, basil, and peppermint proven to have repellent effects with ED50s of 1.63, 3.43 and 4.88% respectively.The presentresults show that essential oils of the tested plants have the potential to be used in integrated pest management programs as safer alternative to conventional acaricides to control T.urticae on economic plants in commercial agriculture.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3162_a76df5e26ed1307187fdd64c7ab8c495.pdf
keywords: Medicinal plants
Essential oils
Natural acaricides
Tetranychus urticae
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-30
33
October-December
261
267
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3163
3163
Original Article
Evaluation of Ten Insecticides Distributed into Seven Sequences against Bollworms Complex
تقييم عشر مبيدات موزعة على سبعة تتابعات ضد ديدان اللوز
Magdy Mohamed Kamel Shekeban
magdy_shekeban@yahoo.com
1
Plant Protection Station, PPI, ARC, Alexandria, Egypt.
Ten insecticides namely chlorpyrifos, profenofos (organophosphates), alpha-cypermthrin, deltamethrin , lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermthrin, (synthetic pyrethroids), acetamiprid (neonicotinoids), emmamectin benzoate (avermectains), chlorfenapyr (halogenated pyrroles) and spinosad (bio- insecticides)] were evaluated against cotton bollworms, the pink bollworm (PBW) Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), the spiny bollworm (SBW) Earias insulana (Boisd.) and the American bollworm (ABW) Heliothis armigera (Hübner) in seven sequences in 2011 cotton growing season. The average infestation number in all experimental plots was monitored before spraying and weekly for eight weeks post insecticide sequences applications. Data show that, the infestation number prespray varied between 3 to 11 infested green bolls /100 bolls. The general means of the infestation number post treatment showed significant differences between treatments with values of 3.4, 4, 4.3, 3, 4.9, 7.4, 1.6 and 24.5 infested green bolls /100 bolls for sequences from 1 to 7 and control, respectively. Reduction percentages in the infestation were determined weekly for eight weeks through the four successive sprays with 15 days interval. Based on general reduction average it is clear that all sequence programs induced high effect representing 80.0 up to 94.6%. In the same manner, the tested sequences showed high protection for the green bolls with protection percentages ranged from 69.9% (sequence 6) to 93.5% (sequence 7). On the other hand, the tested sequences reduced the cotton yield loss in comparing with the control and the recorded yield loss percentages were 10.17, 13.7, 7.91, 14.38, 20.5, 13.82 and 6.72% for sequences 1 to 7, while it was 46.76% for the control.
Ten insecticides namely chlorpyrifos, profenofos (organophosphates), alpha-cypermthrin, deltamethrin , lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermthrin, (synthetic pyrethroids), acetamiprid (neonicotinoids), emmamectin benzoate (avermectains), chlorfenapyr (halogenated pyrroles) and spinosad (bio- insecticides)] were evaluated against cotton bollworms, the pink bollworm (PBW) Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), the spiny bollworm (SBW) Earias insulana (Boisd.) and the American bollworm (ABW) Heliothis armigera (Hübner) in seven sequences in 2011 cotton growing season. The average infestation number in all experimental plots was monitored before spraying and weekly for eight weeks post insecticide sequences applications. Data show that, the infestation number prespray varied between 3 to 11 infested green bolls /100 bolls. The general means of the infestation number post treatment showed significant differences between treatments with values of 3.4, 4, 4.3, 3, 4.9, 7.4, 1.6 and 24.5 infested green bolls /100 bolls for sequences from 1 to 7 and control, respectively. Reduction percentages in the infestation were determined weekly for eight weeks through the four successive sprays with 15 days interval. Based on general reduction average it is clear that all sequence programs induced high effect representing 80.0 up to 94.6%. In the same manner, the tested sequences showed high protection for the green bolls with protection percentages ranged from 69.9% (sequence 6) to 93.5% (sequence 7). On the other hand, the tested sequences reduced the cotton yield loss in comparing with the control and the recorded yield loss percentages were 10.17, 13.7, 7.91, 14.38, 20.5, 13.82 and 6.72% for sequences 1 to 7, while it was 46.76% for the control.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3163_0892d2de4beda315793adc6428b7e671.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-30
33
October-December
268
275
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3164
3164
Original Article
Physicochemical Properties and Fungicidal Efficacy of Mancozeb Commercial Products in Egypt
لخواص الطبيعية الکيميائية والکفاءة الإبادية ضد الفطريات لمنتجات المانکوزيب التجارية فى مصر
Ahmed M. El-Bakry
1
Soad M. Ahmed
2
Farid S. Sabra
3
Shehata M. I. Kassem
4
Elham A. Sammour
5
Samir A. M. Abdelgaleil
6
Department of Pesticide Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture (Elshatby) Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
Department of Pesticide Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture (Elshatby) Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
Department of Plant Production and Protection Collage of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
Department of Pesticide Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture (Elshatby) Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
Department of Pests and Plant Protection, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Department of Pesticide Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture (Elshatby) Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
Mancozeb is a wide spectrum contact fungicide for use on anumerousvariety of vegetables and ornamentals worldwide. In this study, the physicochemical properties of six commercial mancozeb (80%) wettable powder products, Anadol, Dithane Dicozeb, Mancozan, Manco and Tridex, were determined as described by Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council (CIPAC) and World Health Organization (WHO). The antifungal activity of mancozeb products was evaluated against four plant pathogenic fungi, namely Alternaria alternata, Phytophthora infestans, Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium debaryanum in vitro. The results of physicochemical tests showed that all mancozeb products passed suspensibility and wettability tests. In foam formation test, all the products passed the test except Anadol which failed in both CIPAC and WHO methods, while Manco failed in WHO method. Among the six tested mancozeb products, Tridex was the only one that passed alkalinity test. Although the six mancozeb products were formulated as wettable powder with the same concentration of active ingredient (80%) the antifungal activity of the products were markedly differed. Tridex exhibited the strongest antifungal activity against three of the four tested fungi A. alternata, F. oxysporum and P. infestans, while, Dithane was the most effective fungicide against P. debaryanum. A. alternata was the most sensitive fungi to all of the tested fungicides, while F. oxysporum and P. debaryanum displayed the lowest sensitivity. The results of this study indicated that some of mancozeb commercial formulations in the Egyptian markets were not matched with CIPAC and WHO specifications and the antifungal activity was strongly varied based on the manufacturing company.
Mancozeb is a wide spectrum contact fungicide for use on anumerousvariety of vegetables and ornamentals worldwide. In this study, the physicochemical properties of six commercial mancozeb (80%) wettable powder products, Anadol, Dithane Dicozeb, Mancozan, Manco and Tridex, were determined as described by Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council (CIPAC) and World Health Organization (WHO). The antifungal activity of mancozeb products was evaluated against four plant pathogenic fungi, namely Alternaria alternata, Phytophthora infestans, Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium debaryanum in vitro. The results of physicochemical tests showed that all mancozeb products passed suspensibility and wettability tests. In foam formation test, all the products passed the test except Anadol which failed in both CIPAC and WHO methods, while Manco failed in WHO method. Among the six tested mancozeb products, Tridex was the only one that passed alkalinity test. Although the six mancozeb products were formulated as wettable powder with the same concentration of active ingredient (80%) the antifungal activity of the products were markedly differed. Tridex exhibited the strongest antifungal activity against three of the four tested fungi A. alternata, F. oxysporum and P. infestans, while, Dithane was the most effective fungicide against P. debaryanum. A. alternata was the most sensitive fungi to all of the tested fungicides, while F. oxysporum and P. debaryanum displayed the lowest sensitivity. The results of this study indicated that some of mancozeb commercial formulations in the Egyptian markets were not matched with CIPAC and WHO specifications and the antifungal activity was strongly varied based on the manufacturing company.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3164_dba8430da42bccdb726a174c104363a6.pdf
Keywords: physicochemical properties
mancozeb formulations
antifungal activity
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-30
33
October-December
276
284
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3165
3165
Original Article
Estimates of Combining Ability and Cluster Analysis for Some Rice Vareities (Oryza sativa L.)
تقدير القدره العامه علي الأئتلاف وتحليل الشجره الوراثية لبعض أصناف الأرز
Abd El-Hadi A.H
1
Z.M. El-Diasty
2
S.A.A. Hammoud
3
A.M.A. El-Badri
4
Genetics Department, Fac. of Agric. Mansoura University, Egypt.
Genetics Department, Fac. of Agric. Mansoura University, Egypt.
Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
The present study was carried out during 2009 and 2010 growing seasons at Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC) Farm, at Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh Egypt. Eight Egyptian genotypes i.e., five commercial varieties (Giza177, Sakha101, Sakha104, Sakha105 and Sakha106), one promising lines (Gz 7576-10-3-2-1) and two international deferential varieties (BL1 and Shien2). The eight genotypes were sown in the summer growing season of (2009) in three sowing dates. A half diallel design was conducted among the eight parents to produce twenty eight crosses. Eight genotypes and their 28 hybrids were studied for nine traits e.i, plant height, No. of days to heading, No. of panicles plant-1, grain yield plant-1, 1000-grain weight, spikelets fertility%, hulling%, milling% and head rice%. The mean square of genotypes, parents, crosses and parents vs. crosses revealed highly significant variations for all traits under investigation. Both general combining ability and specific combining ability variances were found to be highly significant for all studies traits. The GCA/SCA variance were found to be greater than unity for No. of days to heading and 1000-grain weight, indicating that, additive and additive × additive types of gene action were of greater importance in the inheritance of these traits but the another studied traits the non-additive type were great important in plant height, No. of panicle plant-1, grain yield plant-1, spikelets fertility%, hulling%, milling% and head rice%. The five rice varieties Sakha105, Sakha106, GZ7576-10-3-2-1, BL1 and Shien2 showed highly significant negative GCA effects for No. of days to heading, while Giza177, Sakha101 and Shien2 exhibited significant negative GCA effects (desirable) for plant height. Sakha 101 exhibited highly significant positive GCA effects for No. of panicles plant-1. The two rice varieties Sakha101 and Sakha104 which proved to be excellent combiners for grain yield plant-1 would be of practical interest in a breeding program towards developing high yielding genotypes. Fourteen out of the twenty eight hybrid combinations showed highly significant negative SCA effects for No. of days to heading. Twenty out of the twenty eight F1 hybrids exhibited highly significant desirable SCA effects for grain yield plant-1. These superior twenty crosses were previously found to express useful heterosis. Clustering varieties based on similarity of quantitative characters produced tow large groups. The first group, included Sakha 101 and Sakha 104 these two similar varieties in heading average was 107.5 days. The second group included all short days to heading, the average of those varieties was 91.6 days.
The present study was carried out during 2009 and 2010 growing seasons at Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC) Farm, at Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh Egypt. Eight Egyptian genotypes i.e., five commercial varieties (Giza177, Sakha101, Sakha104, Sakha105 and Sakha106), one promising lines (Gz 7576-10-3-2-1) and two international deferential varieties (BL1 and Shien2). The eight genotypes were sown in the summer growing season of (2009) in three sowing dates. A half diallel design was conducted among the eight parents to produce twenty eight crosses. Eight genotypes and their 28 hybrids were studied for nine traits e.i, plant height, No. of days to heading, No. of panicles plant-1, grain yield plant-1, 1000-grain weight, spikelets fertility%, hulling%, milling% and head rice%. The mean square of genotypes, parents, crosses and parents vs. crosses revealed highly significant variations for all traits under investigation. Both general combining ability and specific combining ability variances were found to be highly significant for all studies traits. The GCA/SCA variance were found to be greater than unity for No. of days to heading and 1000-grain weight, indicating that, additive and additive × additive types of gene action were of greater importance in the inheritance of these traits but the another studied traits the non-additive type were great important in plant height, No. of panicle plant-1, grain yield plant-1, spikelets fertility%, hulling%, milling% and head rice%. The five rice varieties Sakha105, Sakha106, GZ7576-10-3-2-1, BL1 and Shien2 showed highly significant negative GCA effects for No. of days to heading, while Giza177, Sakha101 and Shien2 exhibited significant negative GCA effects (desirable) for plant height. Sakha 101 exhibited highly significant positive GCA effects for No. of panicles plant-1. The two rice varieties Sakha101 and Sakha104 which proved to be excellent combiners for grain yield plant-1 would be of practical interest in a breeding program towards developing high yielding genotypes. Fourteen out of the twenty eight hybrid combinations showed highly significant negative SCA effects for No. of days to heading. Twenty out of the twenty eight F1 hybrids exhibited highly significant desirable SCA effects for grain yield plant-1. These superior twenty crosses were previously found to express useful heterosis. Clustering varieties based on similarity of quantitative characters produced tow large groups. The first group, included Sakha 101 and Sakha 104 these two similar varieties in heading average was 107.5 days. The second group included all short days to heading, the average of those varieties was 91.6 days.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3165_129a2d567fdbed5f7796ddbbb1bae0b2.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-30
33
October-December
285
291
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3166
3166
Original Article
An Efficient Method for Regeneration of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) in Egypt
استخدام طريقة فعالة لإکثار نباتات الإستيفيا معملياً فى مصر
Marwa M. Ghallab
1
M. S. Saleh
2
Genetics and Breeding Department, Sugar Crop Research Institute, Sabahia Research Station
Genetics and Breeding Department, Sugar Crop Research Institute, Sabahia Research Station
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a natural sweetener plant with zero calorie content, becomes an inevitable alternative to sugar especially with the over 346 million diabetic population across the world. The present experiments were conducted to standardize an in vitro culture technique of stevia rebaudiana to explore its potential for callus culture. Leaves explants were cultured on MS medium with specific concentration of growth regulators (2,4-D,BA, Kin and NAA). The results showed that, 1. MS medium containing 1mg/l 2,4-dichlorophexoy acetic acid (2,4-D)+0.5mg/l Benzyl adenine(BA) was gave the best result of callusing. 2. Higher regeneration of plants (32.6 plantlets/callus) was obtained by placing callus on MS medium with 5mg/l BA. 3. Highest rate of root formation (56%) and rooting average (6.1) was recorded in MS medium with 1mg/l IBA.
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a natural sweetener plant with zero calorie content, becomes an inevitable alternative to sugar especially with the over 346 million diabetic population across the world. The present experiments were conducted to standardize an in vitro culture technique of stevia rebaudiana to explore its potential for callus culture. Leaves explants were cultured on MS medium with specific concentration of growth regulators (2,4-D,BA, Kin and NAA). The results showed that, 1. MS medium containing 1mg/l 2,4-dichlorophexoy acetic acid (2,4-D)+0.5mg/l Benzyl adenine(BA) was gave the best result of callusing. 2. Higher regeneration of plants (32.6 plantlets/callus) was obtained by placing callus on MS medium with 5mg/l BA. 3. Highest rate of root formation (56%) and rooting average (6.1) was recorded in MS medium with 1mg/l IBA.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3166_cca11bc24b4a002539eb2ff0f0349f58.pdf
Key words: stevia rebaudiana
in Vitro
Regeneration
Callus
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-30
33
October-December
292
304
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3167
3167
Original Article
Synergistic Effects of Biofertilizers and Antioxidants on Growth and Nutrients Content of Corn under Salinity and Water-Deficit Stresses
التأثير الحفاز للأسمدة الحيوية ومضادات الأکسدة على الحالة الغذائية ونمو نبات الذرة الشامية تحت تأثير الأجهاد المائى والملحى
Ahmed M. Mahdy
amahdy73@yahoo.com
1
Nieven O. Fathi
2
Mahrous M. Kandil
3
Ashraf E. Elnamas
4
Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
Salinity and Alkalinity Soils Research Laboratory, Abis-Alexandria. Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, (Egypt)
Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Elshatby, 21545, Alexandria, (Egypt), Tel: 002/03 5904684 Fax: 002/03 5904684
Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Elshatby, 21545, Alexandria, (Egypt), Tel: 002/03 5904684 Fax: 002/03 5904684
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to explore ways to alleviate the deleterious effects of saline-irrigation water on the growth and the yield of corn, Water with three salinity levels was applied to soil, tap water (0.47), 2.50, and 3.90 dSm-1. As a biofertilizer, “Halix” containing Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and Klebsiella species was applied as an inoculum to corn seeds before cultivation. Ascorbic acid and mannitol as antioxidants (100 mg l-1) were added as a foliar spray. Data showed that all growth parameters such as, contents of total Chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, micro- and macro-nutrients, and corn dry weights responded negatively as the salinity level increased. Results showed that the combined treatments of biofertilizer and ascorbic acid have significantly alleviated the adverse effects of salinity on corn growth performance. The combined treatments of biofertilizer and ascorbic acid significantly increased macro and micro-nutrients concentration, total chlorophyll, and ascorbic acid contents in corn plants compared to the untreated and salinity affected plants. In general, the increase of salinity levels significantly increased proline content in corn plants. Among all treatments, it can be concluded that the combination of mycorrhiza and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as biofertilizers and ascorbic acid as an antioxidant treatments has a promising effect for alleviation of adverse effects of salinity on growth performance of corn plant.
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to explore ways to alleviate the deleterious effects of saline-irrigation water on the growth and the yield of corn, Water with three salinity levels was applied to soil, tap water (0.47), 2.50, and 3.90 dSm-1. As a biofertilizer, “Halix” containing Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and Klebsiella species was applied as an inoculum to corn seeds before cultivation. Ascorbic acid and mannitol as antioxidants (100 mg l-1) were added as a foliar spray. Data showed that all growth parameters such as, contents of total Chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, micro- and macro-nutrients, and corn dry weights responded negatively as the salinity level increased. Results showed that the combined treatments of biofertilizer and ascorbic acid have significantly alleviated the adverse effects of salinity on corn growth performance. The combined treatments of biofertilizer and ascorbic acid significantly increased macro and micro-nutrients concentration, total chlorophyll, and ascorbic acid contents in corn plants compared to the untreated and salinity affected plants. In general, the increase of salinity levels significantly increased proline content in corn plants. Among all treatments, it can be concluded that the combination of mycorrhiza and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as biofertilizers and ascorbic acid as an antioxidant treatments has a promising effect for alleviation of adverse effects of salinity on growth performance of corn plant.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3167_6ed477471d80ce73b1c6274e671ffb5c.pdf
Key Words: Antioxidant
biofertilizer
drought
salinity
Mycorrhiza
PGPR
corn
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-30
33
October-December
305
315
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3168
3168
Original Article
Prospective Strategy for Improving Quality of Agricultural Drainage Water for Irrigation
الاستراتيجية المأمولة لتحسين نوعية مياه الصرف الزراعى للرى
Ibrahim Elsokkary
elsokkary35@gmail.com
1
Department of Soil & Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture El Shatby (21545), Alexandria University. Alexandria - Egypt
The Nile River is the main source of surface freshwater in Egypt. Because of the limited share of Nile water to the country, the Egyptian authorities had planned to reuse non-conventional water sources, such as agricultural drainage water and treated wastewater, for irrigation. It is obvious that these two water sources are of low quality. As a result, specific laws were authorized by the Egyptian government for regulating the reuse of these waters for different purposes. Of the most important is Law 48/1982 and Decree 8/1983 which deal specifically with the discharges of effluents in water bodies. The main targets of this law is to protect the Nile River and waterways from pollution. In addition, the ministerial Decrees 256/1994 and 44/2000 were issued to specify quality requirements for unrestricted and restricted irrigation by wastewater. Water quality index (WQI) has been employed for evaluating the quality category of water of the main drains in Egypt. The results indicated that the values of WQI of most drains of upper Egypt are categorized between very poor and very good, while those of east, middle and west Nile Delta were between very poor and good. This low water quality of most agricultural drains is due to the discharge of polluted effluent into these drains. It has been recognized that the drain catchment is supplied by water from small drains which contain usually very poor quality water. In order to improve water quality of the main drain, it must first reclaim water quality of small drains before discharge into the drain catchment. Constructed in-stream wetland treatment system can be successfully used for reclamation and treatment the water of small drains at a certain point before inflow the main drain. This system has high removal efficiency of most pollutants. It is also easy to construct, requires low investment and low maintenance time and expense. It can be managed successfully by operators having moderate training and by the local community.
The Nile River is the main source of surface freshwater in Egypt. Because of the limited share of Nile water to the country, the Egyptian authorities had planned to reuse non-conventional water sources, such as agricultural drainage water and treated wastewater, for irrigation. It is obvious that these two water sources are of low quality. As a result, specific laws were authorized by the Egyptian government for regulating the reuse of these waters for different purposes. Of the most important is Law 48/1982 and Decree 8/1983 which deal specifically with the discharges of effluents in water bodies. The main targets of this law is to protect the Nile River and waterways from pollution. In addition, the ministerial Decrees 256/1994 and 44/2000 were issued to specify quality requirements for unrestricted and restricted irrigation by wastewater. Water quality index (WQI) has been employed for evaluating the quality category of water of the main drains in Egypt. The results indicated that the values of WQI of most drains of upper Egypt are categorized between very poor and very good, while those of east, middle and west Nile Delta were between very poor and good. This low water quality of most agricultural drains is due to the discharge of polluted effluent into these drains. It has been recognized that the drain catchment is supplied by water from small drains which contain usually very poor quality water. In order to improve water quality of the main drain, it must first reclaim water quality of small drains before discharge into the drain catchment. Constructed in-stream wetland treatment system can be successfully used for reclamation and treatment the water of small drains at a certain point before inflow the main drain. This system has high removal efficiency of most pollutants. It is also easy to construct, requires low investment and low maintenance time and expense. It can be managed successfully by operators having moderate training and by the local community.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3168_e3d1e806fe80ecdf6244ef1293981e3a.pdf
Keywords: Drainage Water
Wastewater
Water quality index
Wetland system
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-30
33
October-December
314
325
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3169
3169
Original Article
Microbial Populations and Enzymatic Activities as Parameters for Characterization of the Composting Process
الأعداد الميکروبية والأنشطة الإنزيمية کصفات للحکم على عملية إنتاج الکمبوست
A. I. A. I. Khalil
khalilaii@yahoo.com
1
A. R. Bin Ali
2
M. M. Yaqub
3
Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Omar Al-Mukhtar, Al-Bayda, Libya.
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Omar Al-Mukhtar, Al-Bayda, Libya.
Changes in microbial populations and enzymatic activities during composting process of municipal solid wastes were investigated. Changes in some physical and chemical parameters were also determind. The results showed that the temperature reached the maximum (57.5 oC) after 15 days and then decreased. Marked changes in pH value were found. The organic matter (OM) decreased from 61.52% to 48.92% and the the loss in OM reached to 40.1%. The carbon/nitrogen C/N ratio decreased from 25.70 to 11.82. The populations of mesophilic bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi were greatly decreased with time. The thermophilic bacteria reached the maximum after 30 days and then decreased. The thermophilic actinomycetes reached the maximum after 10 days and then decreased with time until 60 days and disappeared after that. The population of thermophilic fungi reached the maximum after 10 days and disappeared after that. The activity of á-amylase, carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and xylanase enzymes was increased and reached the maximum after 10, 20 and 30 days respectively then was decreased.
Changes in microbial populations and enzymatic activities during composting process of municipal solid wastes were investigated. Changes in some physical and chemical parameters were also determind. The results showed that the temperature reached the maximum (57.5 oC) after 15 days and then decreased. Marked changes in pH value were found. The organic matter (OM) decreased from 61.52% to 48.92% and the the loss in OM reached to 40.1%. The carbon/nitrogen C/N ratio decreased from 25.70 to 11.82. The populations of mesophilic bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi were greatly decreased with time. The thermophilic bacteria reached the maximum after 30 days and then decreased. The thermophilic actinomycetes reached the maximum after 10 days and then decreased with time until 60 days and disappeared after that. The population of thermophilic fungi reached the maximum after 10 days and disappeared after that. The activity of á-amylase, carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and xylanase enzymes was increased and reached the maximum after 10, 20 and 30 days respectively then was decreased.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3169_2ffb49478045fb033a973693cf1b9b49.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-30
33
October-December
326
340
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3170
3170
Original Article
Physico–Chemical Properties of Chromatin and Induction of Ploidy in Sugarcane
الخواص الفيزيوکيماوية للکروماتين واستحداث تضاعفات فى قصب السکر
Seehy M. A.
1
Ghonema M. A.
2
Saleh M. S.
3
Badawy O. M
4
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University.
Genetic and Breeding Department, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center.
Genetic and Breeding Department, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center.
Genetic and Breeding Department, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center.
This work was carried out at Subbhia experimental station for sugar crops. The present investigation aims at inducing polyploidy in sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) and to investigate its agronomic traits. Colchicine was used to produce poly ploidy from three cultivars. These cultivars are (C9 G.T. 54-9, PH 8013 and NCO 310). Buds were treated with 0.05% colchicine solution. Treated segments were allowed to germinate until a shoot system length of 40 cm had reached. Plants were then transferred and allowed to grow in the yield. The growing plants were examined for polyploidy firstly by Guard cells of Stomata, Chloroplasts, DNA content in leaves, and chromosomes from adventitious roots initiated at the laboratory. Physico-chemical properties for chromatins and deproteinized DNA were estimated. Total soluble solids (T.S.S); plant height and plant diameter were estimated. The obtained results would be summarized as follows: The present studies aimed to produce polyploidy in cultivar C9. The obtained results showed that the average of polyploidy was found to be 9% for C9 and 4% for PH 8013. Regarding chemical composition and melting temperatures of chromatins different ratios were obtained reflecting differential transcriptional activities. However, active and repressed fractions of chromatin were estimated. With respect to the evaluated agronomic characteristics different values were observed.
This work was carried out at Subbhia experimental station for sugar crops. The present investigation aims at inducing polyploidy in sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) and to investigate its agronomic traits. Colchicine was used to produce poly ploidy from three cultivars. These cultivars are (C9 G.T. 54-9, PH 8013 and NCO 310). Buds were treated with 0.05% colchicine solution. Treated segments were allowed to germinate until a shoot system length of 40 cm had reached. Plants were then transferred and allowed to grow in the yield. The growing plants were examined for polyploidy firstly by Guard cells of Stomata, Chloroplasts, DNA content in leaves, and chromosomes from adventitious roots initiated at the laboratory. Physico-chemical properties for chromatins and deproteinized DNA were estimated. Total soluble solids (T.S.S); plant height and plant diameter were estimated. The obtained results would be summarized as follows: The present studies aimed to produce polyploidy in cultivar C9. The obtained results showed that the average of polyploidy was found to be 9% for C9 and 4% for PH 8013. Regarding chemical composition and melting temperatures of chromatins different ratios were obtained reflecting differential transcriptional activities. However, active and repressed fractions of chromatin were estimated. With respect to the evaluated agronomic characteristics different values were observed.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3170_9e58c7ec074a66cdc8a3409bb8e28fd1.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-30
33
October-December
341
350
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3171
3171
Original Article
Chemical Weed Control in Sugar Beet
المکافحة الکيماوية للحشائش فى بنجر السکر
Mahmoud S. Mahmoud
1
Fouad S. Soliman
2
Department of Pesticide chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University
Department of Pesticide chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University
A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of some herbicide treatments (with and without handweeding) on sugar beet yield and yield components for two successive seasons (2010 and 2011) at Abbis farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. The treatments were Phenmedipham 6.5%+ metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5% (crus) with a rate of 2 kg/feddan and 2.5 kg/feddan, Phenmedipham 5.54% + desmedipham 4.34% + lenacil 2.5% + ethofumesate 6.93 (betanal maxxpro), acetochlor (harness), Phenmedipham 7.5% + desmedipham 1.5% + ethofumesate 11.5% (betasana trio), handweeding twice and Unweeded check, all previous herbicide treatments were repeated twice either with or without handweeding. The dominant weed in both seasons was Beta vulgaris. The results in the first season showed that the best herbicide treatments which gave maximum weed reduction were handweeding twice, Acetochlor + handweeding, (Phenmedipham 6.5% + metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5%) 2.5 kg/fed + handweeding , (Phenmedipham 6.5% + metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5%) 2 kg/fed + handweeding, (Phenmedipham 7.5% + desmedipham 1.5% + ethofumesate 11.5%) + handweeding and (Phenmedipham 5.54% + desmedipham 4.34%+ lenacil 2.5%+ ethofumesate 6.93%) + handweeding with no significant differences between them with a percentage of weed control (98.7, 97.7, 96.7, 96.2, 95.8 and 93.7), respectively. In the second season the best weed reduction was achieved by (Phenmedipham 6.5% + metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5%) with a rate of 2.5kg/fed + handweeding with a percentage of control (97.3%), handweeding twice (96.8%), (Phenmedipham 6.5% + metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5%) with a rate of 2kg/fed+ handweeding (96.1%), Acetochlor + handweeding (95.8%), (Phenmedipham 7.5%+ desmedipham 1.5% + ethofumesate 11.5%) + handweeding (93.6%) and (Phenmedipham 5.54% + desmedipham 4.34%+ lenacil 2.5%+ ethofumesate 6.93%)+ handweeding (91.6%) with no significant differences between them. The highest yield in the first season was found in the case of (Phenmedipham 6.5%+ metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5%) 2.5 kg/fed which gave 35.32 ton/fed followed by handweeding twice with a yield 31.82 ton/fed and (Phenmedipham 5.54%+ desmedipham 4.34%+ lenacil 2.5%+ ethofumesate 6.93%) with a yield 29.59 ton/fed with no significant differences between them in the second season the highest feddan production was reported in the case of (Phenmedipham 6.5%+ metametron 28%+ ethofumesate 6.5%) 2.5 kg/fed+ handweeding and handweeding twice (34.23 and 33.18 ton/fed, respectively) with no significant difference between them. The length and diameter of the root were not affected by the tested herbicides, also the percentage of sugar were not affected by all treatments, but in the first season, the highest sugar yield per feddan was found in the case of five treatments which were (Phenmedipham 6.5%+ metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5%) 2.5 kg/fed + handweeding, (Phenmedipham 5.54% + desmedipham 4.34%+ lenacil 2.5%+ ethofumesate 6.93%) + handweeding, handweeding twice, (Phenmedipham 6.5%+ metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5%) 2 kg/fed+ handweeding and (Phenmedipham 6.5% + metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5%) 2.5 kg/fed with sugar yield (5.4, 4.98, 4.73, 4.64 and 4.35 ton/fed, respectively with no significant differences between them while in the second season the four treatments that gave highest yield were (Phenmedipham 6.5% + metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5%) 2.5 kg/fed+ handweeding, handweeding twice, acetochlor+ handweeding and (Phenmedipham 7.5%+ desmedipham 1.5% + ethofumesate 11.5%) + handweeding as they gave (5.58, 5.28, 4.93 and 4.64 ton/fed, respectively.
A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of some herbicide treatments (with and without handweeding) on sugar beet yield and yield components for two successive seasons (2010 and 2011) at Abbis farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. The treatments were Phenmedipham 6.5%+ metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5% (crus) with a rate of 2 kg/feddan and 2.5 kg/feddan, Phenmedipham 5.54% + desmedipham 4.34% + lenacil 2.5% + ethofumesate 6.93 (betanal maxxpro), acetochlor (harness), Phenmedipham 7.5% + desmedipham 1.5% + ethofumesate 11.5% (betasana trio), handweeding twice and Unweeded check, all previous herbicide treatments were repeated twice either with or without handweeding. The dominant weed in both seasons was Beta vulgaris. The results in the first season showed that the best herbicide treatments which gave maximum weed reduction were handweeding twice, Acetochlor + handweeding, (Phenmedipham 6.5% + metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5%) 2.5 kg/fed + handweeding , (Phenmedipham 6.5% + metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5%) 2 kg/fed + handweeding, (Phenmedipham 7.5% + desmedipham 1.5% + ethofumesate 11.5%) + handweeding and (Phenmedipham 5.54% + desmedipham 4.34%+ lenacil 2.5%+ ethofumesate 6.93%) + handweeding with no significant differences between them with a percentage of weed control (98.7, 97.7, 96.7, 96.2, 95.8 and 93.7), respectively. In the second season the best weed reduction was achieved by (Phenmedipham 6.5% + metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5%) with a rate of 2.5kg/fed + handweeding with a percentage of control (97.3%), handweeding twice (96.8%), (Phenmedipham 6.5% + metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5%) with a rate of 2kg/fed+ handweeding (96.1%), Acetochlor + handweeding (95.8%), (Phenmedipham 7.5%+ desmedipham 1.5% + ethofumesate 11.5%) + handweeding (93.6%) and (Phenmedipham 5.54% + desmedipham 4.34%+ lenacil 2.5%+ ethofumesate 6.93%)+ handweeding (91.6%) with no significant differences between them. The highest yield in the first season was found in the case of (Phenmedipham 6.5%+ metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5%) 2.5 kg/fed which gave 35.32 ton/fed followed by handweeding twice with a yield 31.82 ton/fed and (Phenmedipham 5.54%+ desmedipham 4.34%+ lenacil 2.5%+ ethofumesate 6.93%) with a yield 29.59 ton/fed with no significant differences between them in the second season the highest feddan production was reported in the case of (Phenmedipham 6.5%+ metametron 28%+ ethofumesate 6.5%) 2.5 kg/fed+ handweeding and handweeding twice (34.23 and 33.18 ton/fed, respectively) with no significant difference between them. The length and diameter of the root were not affected by the tested herbicides, also the percentage of sugar were not affected by all treatments, but in the first season, the highest sugar yield per feddan was found in the case of five treatments which were (Phenmedipham 6.5%+ metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5%) 2.5 kg/fed + handweeding, (Phenmedipham 5.54% + desmedipham 4.34%+ lenacil 2.5%+ ethofumesate 6.93%) + handweeding, handweeding twice, (Phenmedipham 6.5%+ metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5%) 2 kg/fed+ handweeding and (Phenmedipham 6.5% + metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5%) 2.5 kg/fed with sugar yield (5.4, 4.98, 4.73, 4.64 and 4.35 ton/fed, respectively with no significant differences between them while in the second season the four treatments that gave highest yield were (Phenmedipham 6.5% + metametron 28% + ethofumesate 6.5%) 2.5 kg/fed+ handweeding, handweeding twice, acetochlor+ handweeding and (Phenmedipham 7.5%+ desmedipham 1.5% + ethofumesate 11.5%) + handweeding as they gave (5.58, 5.28, 4.93 and 4.64 ton/fed, respectively.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3171_f4c6c10f713c4ef05898aae0acd15886.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-01-01
33
October-December
351
361
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.155989
155989
Original Article
Nutritional Awareness, Diet Health Believes and Habits among Women from Two Different Socioeconomic Levels
الوعي الغذائي- العادات والمعتقدات الغذائية والصحية بين سيدات من مستويين مختلفين
إجتماعيا واقتصاديا
Rasha Medhat Mourad
1
Faculty of agriculture. Cairo University
This study was conducted to assess the level of nutritional knowledge, diet-health related beliefs and practices among 80 women chosen at random from two different socioeconomic levels. Unhealthy food habits which are considered one of the leading causes of important health and nutritional problems, knowledge about healthy and unhealthy food was also assessed by a questionnaire. Data were also recorded about education, income, percentage of monthly income spent for food, healthy and unhealthy food score, food and drink choices, obesity and the level of physical activity and exercise.
Nutrition as well as healthy awareness score was measured by principal component analysis of 20 questions' responses. The survey also assessed if the studied women know the relation between bad habits, unhealthy food, under activity, and the risk of some diseases (hypertension, cancer, cardiovascular disease CVD, lack of immunity, diabetes, and obesity).
The results indicated that the majority of families in high socioeconomic group (HSS) had both higher education and income, therefore spent less percentage of their income for food compared with families in low socioeconomic group (LSS).It is worse to mention that many unhealthy food habits were detected only in LSS as 72.5% from such group were using newspaper for fried foods and 87.5% were putting foods in black plastic bags, some other habits were extremely high in LSS such as using oil when smoked as well as consuming high quantity of fried foods, pickles, fat especially from animal sources, and carbonated beverages. Results showed that higher education level promotes more healthy food and drink choices as well as high level of awareness as the percentage of mothers classified as high in awareness (score more than 55) were in HSS as triple as those from LSS, moreover 52.5% from mothers in LSS had low degree of awareness (score 35-<45) compared to only 10% in HSS. Of the socioeconomic variables the income as well as education level had a great influence in food and drink choices which affected particularly healthy food score, eating breakfast as 80% in HSS used to eat breakfast regularly while 60% in LSS used either to skip or seldom eat breakfast .The level of education also affected sweets and jam daily consumption, and the level of activity and exercises (which have a great impact on weight gain and obesity which contribute to many diseases) as results showed that 100 % from children in HSS exercised versus less than one fourth (22.5%)in LSS. Education in addition to income were act as an effect modifier on health habits, practices and believes, hence when we assessed women’s knowledge about the relation between bad habits, unhealthy food and the risk of some diseases, 55% from mothers in HSS were get correct answer compared to only 22.5% in LSS .With respect to knowledge resources, results showed that TV have attained the highest percentage of recourses in both groups. Results also showed the close association between nutritional knowledge, health awareness and the level of education as Mann Whitney showed highly significant difference between the two groups in educational status, income, bad habits, while a significant relation was found in the degree of awareness and the knowledge about the relation between unhealthy food, bad habits and some chronic diseases.
This study was conducted to assess the level of nutritional knowledge, diet-health related beliefs and practices among 80 women chosen at random from two different socioeconomic levels. Unhealthy food habits which are considered one of the leading causes of important health and nutritional problems, knowledge about healthy and unhealthy food was also assessed by a questionnaire. Data were also recorded about education, income, percentage of monthly income spent for food, healthy and unhealthy food score, food and drink choices, obesity and the level of physical activity and exercise.
Nutrition as well as healthy awareness score was measured by principal component analysis of 20 questions' responses. The survey also assessed if the studied women know the relation between bad habits, unhealthy food, under activity, and the risk of some diseases (hypertension, cancer, cardiovascular disease CVD, lack of immunity, diabetes, and obesity).
The results indicated that the majority of families in high socioeconomic group (HSS) had both higher education and income, therefore spent less percentage of their income for food compared with families in low socioeconomic group (LSS).It is worse to mention that many unhealthy food habits were detected only in LSS as 72.5% from such group were using newspaper for fried foods and 87.5% were putting foods in black plastic bags, some other habits were extremely high in LSS such as using oil when smoked as well as consuming high quantity of fried foods, pickles, fat especially from animal sources, and carbonated beverages. Results showed that higher education level promotes more healthy food and drink choices as well as high level of awareness as the percentage of mothers classified as high in awareness (score more than 55) were in HSS as triple as those from LSS, moreover 52.5% from mothers in LSS had low degree of awareness (score 35-<45) compared to only 10% in HSS. Of the socioeconomic variables the income as well as education level had a great influence in food and drink choices which affected particularly healthy food score, eating breakfast as 80% in HSS used to eat breakfast regularly while 60% in LSS used either to skip or seldom eat breakfast .The level of education also affected sweets and jam daily consumption, and the level of activity and exercises (which have a great impact on weight gain and obesity which contribute to many diseases) as results showed that 100 % from children in HSS exercised versus less than one fourth (22.5%)in LSS. Education in addition to income were act as an effect modifier on health habits, practices and believes, hence when we assessed women’s knowledge about the relation between bad habits, unhealthy food and the risk of some diseases, 55% from mothers in HSS were get correct answer compared to only 22.5% in LSS .With respect to knowledge resources, results showed that TV have attained the highest percentage of recourses in both groups. Results also showed the close association between nutritional knowledge, health awareness and the level of education as Mann Whitney showed highly significant difference between the two groups in educational status, income, bad habits, while a significant relation was found in the degree of awareness and the knowledge about the relation between unhealthy food, bad habits and some chronic diseases.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_155989_3de4b73f8e6b30daae5c807e0c0ba0ce.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-10-01
33
October-December
291
301
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.159376
159376
Original Article
Evaluation of Wheat Flour Bread Fortified With Dried Mushroom
تقييم خبز دقيق القمح المدعم بفطر عيش الغراب المجفف
Bothyna Mohammad Abd –EL Lateef
1
Mohamed Nabil Basma
2
Teaghreed Mohammad Abed Yousef
3
This study aimed to evaluate the fortified dried mushroom bread produced in Saudi Arabia so as to improve the nutritional value. Bread dough was prepared using 75% extractions of wheat flour and whole grain wheat flour and these two types were partially substituted with dried mushroom flour by 3, 5, and 7%. Consumers' opinion as to the quality of fortified dried mushrooms was surveyed. The chemical composition of the mushroom was estimated, and the digestive value of protein was also estimated. The results showed that there were about 92.7%, 77% of consumers accepted the bread product of wheat flour (75% extraction), and the flat bread made from whole grain wheat flour with fortified 3% grinded mushrooms. Also the ratio of 97.7%, 85% of consumers accepted the toast bread made from wheat flour (75% extraction) and toast bread made from whole grain wheat flour with fortified 3% grinded mushrooms. The studies concluded that the incorporation of dried mushroom in breads improved the nutritional value of bread and provide the body with beneficial nutrients for human health.
This study aimed to evaluate the fortified dried mushroom bread produced in Saudi Arabia so as to improve the nutritional value. Bread dough was prepared using 75% extractions of wheat flour and whole grain wheat flour and these two types were partially substituted with dried mushroom flour by 3, 5, and 7%. Consumers' opinion as to the quality of fortified dried mushrooms was surveyed. The chemical composition of the mushroom was estimated, and the digestive value of protein was also estimated. The results showed that there were about 92.7%, 77% of consumers accepted the bread product of wheat flour (75% extraction), and the flat bread made from whole grain wheat flour with fortified 3% grinded mushrooms. Also the ratio of 97.7%, 85% of consumers accepted the toast bread made from wheat flour (75% extraction) and toast bread made from whole grain wheat flour with fortified 3% grinded mushrooms. The studies concluded that the incorporation of dried mushroom in breads improved the nutritional value of bread and provide the body with beneficial nutrients for human health.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159376_2679a63784ee939dc1cd7b8860876e7a.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-10-01
33
October-December
302
313
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.159378
159378
Original Article
Physical, Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Some Types of Saudi Fresh Honey
الصفات الطبيعية والکيميائية والميکروبيولوجية لبعض أنواع العسل السعودي الطازج
Samira Mohammad O.AL Malki
1
Tahani Mohammad M.Al Azhari
2
Mohamed Nabil Basma
3
This study aimed to study the floral source, physical, chemical, and antimicrobial properties and it was illustrated in four different types of Saudi honey, two types of honey that were produced naturally and derived directly from beekeepers, and the other two types of honey packaged commercially. Experiments were done on the fresh sample and the following results had been concluded:
The floral source has been identified for each type of honey. Two kinds of honey were unifloral honey, while the others were multifloral honey. As for the physical and chemical properties they were all in accordance with the Saudi Arabian standards. Antimicrobial activity of honey against several species of bacteria has been described. All samples have inhibitory activity of bacteria growth at 100% concentration.
This study aimed to study the floral source, physical, chemical, and antimicrobial properties and it was illustrated in four different types of Saudi honey, two types of honey that were produced naturally and derived directly from beekeepers, and the other two types of honey packaged commercially. Experiments were done on the fresh sample and the following results had been concluded:
The floral source has been identified for each type of honey. Two kinds of honey were unifloral honey, while the others were multifloral honey. As for the physical and chemical properties they were all in accordance with the Saudi Arabian standards. Antimicrobial activity of honey against several species of bacteria has been described. All samples have inhibitory activity of bacteria growth at 100% concentration.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159378_f622ad44683ebcffe45ae65e7341af0e.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-12
33
October-December
314
333
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.159380
159380
Original Article
The Suitability of The Interior Design for The Room of The Physically Disabled Child and Its Relationship to His Autonomous Behavior
مدى ملائمة التصميم الداخلي لغرفة الطفل المعاق حرکيا وعلاقتها بسلوکه الاستقلال
Nabila Elwardany Abd ElHafez
1
Development Process requires comprehensive planning and mobilizing all financial and human sources available in the community through investing them. Because human investment shares in adapting conditions to achieve development and eliminate all social and economical problems. There is no doubt that persons who are suffering from any disability represent a human energy that should be used and guided in order to enjoy its independence as a productive capacity in the society. by having an interest in the disable person either physically or psychologically, in addition to adapting the available services inside the house to fit their abilities.
Achieving residential satisfaction might be the greatest challenge facing the disabled persons whose only wish is to be independent with their abilities without others' help; this can be done by preparing a suitable place for residence. The international conference for the rehabilitation of the disabled person. recommended to facilitate the movement of the disabled child whatever his disability is so that he can move inside his house and within the .surrounding environment more suitably and with the least effort, and to be able to use all existing facilities, and that his residence includes the maximum facilitation and easiness to communicate with the outer world in addition to getting the maximum possible service and the easiest maintenance inside the house.
House environment helps in raising the level of the mental performance for the disabied chiid, thus the environment in which the child moves must be free of any behavioral or architecture impediments inside the child's residence in general and his room in particular which will support his independent behavior, and enhance his integration in the social life current.
The child's house is considered one of the most important interior spaces that is dedicated to him inside the house, one of its most important characteristics is that it represents the shelter and the refuge fir him, as he needs it necessarily to sleep and rest in calm, in addition to freely play, study and practice his hobbies. It also represents his own world and best place, in which his personality takes shape and he spends one third of his time or more in there especially if he was disabled.
So it is important to innovate and invent new designs, especially for the small spaces where its interior spaces emptiness from any walls or barriers shall be taken into consideration, in addition to designing small furniture pieces with a double purpose. It shall also be designed so that it could be easy to use by the disabled child.
Development Process requires comprehensive planning and mobilizing all financial and human sources available in the community through investing them. Because human investment shares in adapting conditions to achieve development and eliminate all social and economical problems. There is no doubt that persons who are suffering from any disability represent a human energy that should be used and guided in order to enjoy its independence as a productive capacity in the society. by having an interest in the disable person either physically or psychologically, in addition to adapting the available services inside the house to fit their abilities.
Achieving residential satisfaction might be the greatest challenge facing the disabled persons whose only wish is to be independent with their abilities without others' help; this can be done by preparing a suitable place for residence. The international conference for the rehabilitation of the disabled person. recommended to facilitate the movement of the disabled child whatever his disability is so that he can move inside his house and within the .surrounding environment more suitably and with the least effort, and to be able to use all existing facilities, and that his residence includes the maximum facilitation and easiness to communicate with the outer world in addition to getting the maximum possible service and the easiest maintenance inside the house.
House environment helps in raising the level of the mental performance for the disabied chiid, thus the environment in which the child moves must be free of any behavioral or architecture impediments inside the child's residence in general and his room in particular which will support his independent behavior, and enhance his integration in the social life current.
The child's house is considered one of the most important interior spaces that is dedicated to him inside the house, one of its most important characteristics is that it represents the shelter and the refuge fir him, as he needs it necessarily to sleep and rest in calm, in addition to freely play, study and practice his hobbies. It also represents his own world and best place, in which his personality takes shape and he spends one third of his time or more in there especially if he was disabled.
So it is important to innovate and invent new designs, especially for the small spaces where its interior spaces emptiness from any walls or barriers shall be taken into consideration, in addition to designing small furniture pieces with a double purpose. It shall also be designed so that it could be easy to use by the disabled child.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159380_f6da9da9ba1a8596b508af5c94fc17ba.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-12
33
October-December
334
342
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.159383
159383
Original Article
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cancelation the Application of Crop Rotation from View of Farmers in Beheira Governorate
سلبيات وإيجابيات إلغاء تطبيق الدورة الزراعية من وجهة نظر الزراع بمحافظة البحيرة
Gamal Hussein Amer
1
Nagwa Fouad Khattab
2
The main objective of this study is advantages and disadvantages of canceling the application of crop rotation in Beheira governorate, and that to achieve a balance between the wishes of farmers and captivity of having freedom in production different crop and the planning ministry of agriculture to ensure the provision of main crops as cotton, wheat, rice, corn and support Egypt economy without losing the farmers right in achieve a satisfied standard of living through the following sub-objective:
Identifying of the agricultural production style for farmer group discussion.
Identifying the advantages and disadvantages of canceling the application the crop rotation from a view of farmer group discussion.
Specifying the attitudes of farmer group discussion towards application of crop rotation.
Data were collected by using simple observation personal and group interviews, by using a questionnaire to interview (16) farmer group in four research centers, results revealed the following: first: the farmer changed the agricultural production style from production strategic crops to produce fruit, vegetable, and
medicinal and aromatic plants, that because of the high cost agricultural, length of stay strategic crop in the land, second: the advantages and disadvantages of cancelation the application of crop rotation.
1- The advantages: the farmers be free to cultivate any crops, fare from controls of the government in the price, fill some needs home to the farmers.
2- Disadvantage: the spread of agricultural insect, pests and diseases, and difficult to overcome, the high cost of pest control, high level water table, land agriculture operations performance difficulty, excessive use of fertilize and pesticides, the appearance of monopolists dealers monopolists. Third: the attitudes of the farmers groups discussion to wards the importance of the application of crop rotation, the percentage of the farmers of positive attitude (62.5%) while the percentage of those with less positive approaches were (18.75%).
Several proboscises to resolve the problem have been evaluated: activating the role of agricultural extension system, activating role of the ministry of agriculture through a series of actions, restart a long staple cotton factories in the Egypt, focusing on the role of media in educating farmers the importance and advantages of application the crop rotation.
The main objective of this study is advantages and disadvantages of canceling the application of crop rotation in Beheira governorate, and that to achieve a balance between the wishes of farmers and captivity of having freedom in production different crop and the planning ministry of agriculture to ensure the provision of main crops as cotton, wheat, rice, corn and support Egypt economy without losing the farmers right in achieve a satisfied standard of living through the following sub-objective:
Identifying of the agricultural production style for farmer group discussion.
Identifying the advantages and disadvantages of canceling the application the crop rotation from a view of farmer group discussion.
Specifying the attitudes of farmer group discussion towards application of crop rotation.
Data were collected by using simple observation personal and group interviews, by using a questionnaire to interview (16) farmer group in four research centers, results revealed the following: first: the farmer changed the agricultural production style from production strategic crops to produce fruit, vegetable, and
medicinal and aromatic plants, that because of the high cost agricultural, length of stay strategic crop in the land, second: the advantages and disadvantages of cancelation the application of crop rotation.
1- The advantages: the farmers be free to cultivate any crops, fare from controls of the government in the price, fill some needs home to the farmers.
2- Disadvantage: the spread of agricultural insect, pests and diseases, and difficult to overcome, the high cost of pest control, high level water table, land agriculture operations performance difficulty, excessive use of fertilize and pesticides, the appearance of monopolists dealers monopolists. Third: the attitudes of the farmers groups discussion to wards the importance of the application of crop rotation, the percentage of the farmers of positive attitude (62.5%) while the percentage of those with less positive approaches were (18.75%).
Several proboscises to resolve the problem have been evaluated: activating the role of agricultural extension system, activating role of the ministry of agriculture through a series of actions, restart a long staple cotton factories in the Egypt, focusing on the role of media in educating farmers the importance and advantages of application the crop rotation.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159383_3d4c2cb1c3890ea677362d48e3343aa9.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-12
33
October-December
343
354
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.159387
159387
Original Article
Agricultural Extension Policy Suggestion for Decreasing the Loss of Tomato Production in Some Villages in the Abis Extent Region, Alexandria Governorate
السياسة الإرشادية الزراعية المقترحة لتقليل الفاقد من محصول الطماطم في بعض قرى منطقة امتداد أبيس بمحافظة الإسکندرية
Ahmad Mohamed Ali Ghozlan
1
This research aimed to determine the factors that affect on the response of tomato's farmers to the agricultural extension recommendations, that will decrease the loss of tomato, and through determining these factors can be suggestion Extension policy to achieve this purpose. This research was conducted in some villages of Abis Extent region, Alexandria governorate. Correlation matrix and multiple regression method through the double logarithmic function were used for data analysis.
The main results of this study revealed that:
- The percentage of respondents who know the technical recommendations on decreasing the loss of tomato crop was 77%, while the respondents who implement it accounted for 70 %.
- A shortage of 10% in the level of age, at the same time rosining 10% for each of educational level and general literacy, it would decrease the loss of tomato crop by 8.87% due to improved knowledge level of the respondents in the technical recommendations associated with decreasing the loss of tomato crop.
- A shortage of 10% in the level of life, and at the same time make a raise of 10% of the level of each of the trend towards agricultural innovations and size acquisition of agricultural land, it would reduce the value of the loss of tomato crop by 3.81% due to improved operational level of the respondents in the technical recommendations on reducing wastage of the tomato crop.
- A shortage of 10% in the level of age, at the same time raising 10% for each of the attitude towards agricultural innovations and farm size, it would decrease the loss tomato crop by 3.81% due to improved operational level of the respondents in the technical recommendations associated with decreasing the loss of tomato crop.
- The study revealed that is some important problems that faced the respondents when carrying out some technical recommendations associated with decreasing the loss of tomato crop, they are follows :high costs associated with packing and wages of workers (54.5%) non-sorting and grading of fruits, the lack of marketing outlets, diffusion of some mis-conceptions in marketing such as fruits straw coverage,and frequent trading fruits in combined operations and marketing(17.9%).
- The respondents, suggestions to overcome these problems are: The Bank for Development and Agricultural Credit, as well as agricultural cooperatives by providing funds and plastics packaging tomatoes by the terms of material accessible to farmers, all concerned marketing tomatoes ranked fruits and cancel pricing consolidated it, create marketing outlets for tomato, providing marketing information for the crop, and provision of machinery to harvest the crop, where it was stated that the percentage ranged from 51.8% to 26.8% of the respondents in descending order
This research aimed to determine the factors that affect on the response of tomato's farmers to the agricultural extension recommendations, that will decrease the loss of tomato, and through determining these factors can be suggestion Extension policy to achieve this purpose. This research was conducted in some villages of Abis Extent region, Alexandria governorate. Correlation matrix and multiple regression method through the double logarithmic function were used for data analysis.
The main results of this study revealed that:
- The percentage of respondents who know the technical recommendations on decreasing the loss of tomato crop was 77%, while the respondents who implement it accounted for 70 %.
- A shortage of 10% in the level of age, at the same time rosining 10% for each of educational level and general literacy, it would decrease the loss of tomato crop by 8.87% due to improved knowledge level of the respondents in the technical recommendations associated with decreasing the loss of tomato crop.
- A shortage of 10% in the level of life, and at the same time make a raise of 10% of the level of each of the trend towards agricultural innovations and size acquisition of agricultural land, it would reduce the value of the loss of tomato crop by 3.81% due to improved operational level of the respondents in the technical recommendations on reducing wastage of the tomato crop.
- A shortage of 10% in the level of age, at the same time raising 10% for each of the attitude towards agricultural innovations and farm size, it would decrease the loss tomato crop by 3.81% due to improved operational level of the respondents in the technical recommendations associated with decreasing the loss of tomato crop.
- The study revealed that is some important problems that faced the respondents when carrying out some technical recommendations associated with decreasing the loss of tomato crop, they are follows :high costs associated with packing and wages of workers (54.5%) non-sorting and grading of fruits, the lack of marketing outlets, diffusion of some mis-conceptions in marketing such as fruits straw coverage,and frequent trading fruits in combined operations and marketing(17.9%).
- The respondents, suggestions to overcome these problems are: The Bank for Development and Agricultural Credit, as well as agricultural cooperatives by providing funds and plastics packaging tomatoes by the terms of material accessible to farmers, all concerned marketing tomatoes ranked fruits and cancel pricing consolidated it, create marketing outlets for tomato, providing marketing information for the crop, and provision of machinery to harvest the crop, where it was stated that the percentage ranged from 51.8% to 26.8% of the respondents in descending order
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159387_10823653dedf105279fcae4914f63757.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-12
33
October-December
355
379
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.159390
159390
Original Article
Saving Behavior of House Wife and Relation to Satisfaction of Life
السلوک الإدخارى لربة الأسرة وعلاقتة بالرضا عن الحياه
Eman Salah Ibrahim Rizk
1
The current research aims at studying the relationship between saving behavior of house wife and her satisfaction of life, and also studying the difference between (rural and urban, workers and non workers, families (simple and complex)) in both of saving behavior of house and her satisfaction of life. Also studying the differences in both of saving behavior of house and her satisfaction of life according to (marital status – The process that the family pass -supporters to the family). It also aims at studying the steward ship education of house wife- monthly income of the family - standard of living - ambition - watching media) and both of saving behavior and satisfaction of life. The simple of the study represent in (276) housewife from different educational and occupational levels, also their marital status were different and also their ages and the kinds of their families which were choosen in a random way from villiages and cities of Elgharbia province . the tools of the study includes, the form of public dat of house wife, questionnaire of saving behavior, questionnaire about satisfaction of lif.
The most important results the study reached to are .there is proportional correlation between saving behavior of house wife and satisfaction of social life, there is also proportional correlation between saving motives of house wife and her satisfaction of life and it's dimensions (satisfaction of health -satisfaction of work – satisfaction of social life). The results show that thereareno differences of statistical reference between rural and urban in saving behavior and the two axis of (saving obstacles – saving practices) while there are statistically significant differences between rural and urban in saving motives for the sake of rural. there are statistically significant differences between rural and urban in satisfaction of life and the dimension of satisfaction of health for the sake of rural. while there are no statistically significant
differences between workers and non workers house wife in saving behavior and the two axis of (saving motives – saving practices) and satisfaction of life.
while there are statistically significant differences between workers and non workers house wife in saving obstacles for the sake of workers. also there ware no differences between house wife (simple and complex) in both of saving behavior and satisfaction of life. thus there ware statistically significant differences between the average degrees of house wife the sample of the study in saving behavior and satisfaction of life according to the marital status of the house wife, while there ware no statistically significant differences between the average degrees of house wife the sample of the study in saving behavior according to the process that the family pass, while there ware statistically significant differences between the average degrees of house wife the sample of the study in satisfaction of life according to the process that the family pass . also there ware no statistically significant differences between the average degrees of house wife the sample of the study in saving behavior and satisfaction of life according to the existence of house wife and saving obstacles. there was also proportional correlation between the ambition of house wife and saving behavior. while there was inverse correlation between watching media and saving motives . finally, the results refer to the existence of proportional correlation between age, family size, ambition and satisfaction of life. while there was inverse correlation between education, watching media and satisfaction of life. the most important recommendations of the research is the recessity of preparing educational programs care with saving education teached to all educational stages to put the concept of saving and its importance in the soul of students. further than presenting programs of health psychology in school curriculum which emphasize on the concept of satisfaction, it's causes and the risks of non sense of it.
The current research aims at studying the relationship between saving behavior of house wife and her satisfaction of life, and also studying the difference between (rural and urban, workers and non workers, families (simple and complex)) in both of saving behavior of house and her satisfaction of life. Also studying the differences in both of saving behavior of house and her satisfaction of life according to (marital status – The process that the family pass -supporters to the family). It also aims at studying the steward ship education of house wife- monthly income of the family - standard of living - ambition - watching media) and both of saving behavior and satisfaction of life. The simple of the study represent in (276) housewife from different educational and occupational levels, also their marital status were different and also their ages and the kinds of their families which were choosen in a random way from villiages and cities of Elgharbia province . the tools of the study includes, the form of public dat of house wife, questionnaire of saving behavior, questionnaire about satisfaction of lif.
The most important results the study reached to are .there is proportional correlation between saving behavior of house wife and satisfaction of social life, there is also proportional correlation between saving motives of house wife and her satisfaction of life and it's dimensions (satisfaction of health -satisfaction of work – satisfaction of social life). The results show that thereareno differences of statistical reference between rural and urban in saving behavior and the two axis of (saving obstacles – saving practices) while there are statistically significant differences between rural and urban in saving motives for the sake of rural. there are statistically significant differences between rural and urban in satisfaction of life and the dimension of satisfaction of health for the sake of rural. while there are no statistically significant
differences between workers and non workers house wife in saving behavior and the two axis of (saving motives – saving practices) and satisfaction of life.
while there are statistically significant differences between workers and non workers house wife in saving obstacles for the sake of workers. also there ware no differences between house wife (simple and complex) in both of saving behavior and satisfaction of life. thus there ware statistically significant differences between the average degrees of house wife the sample of the study in saving behavior and satisfaction of life according to the marital status of the house wife, while there ware no statistically significant differences between the average degrees of house wife the sample of the study in saving behavior according to the process that the family pass, while there ware statistically significant differences between the average degrees of house wife the sample of the study in satisfaction of life according to the process that the family pass . also there ware no statistically significant differences between the average degrees of house wife the sample of the study in saving behavior and satisfaction of life according to the existence of house wife and saving obstacles. there was also proportional correlation between the ambition of house wife and saving behavior. while there was inverse correlation between watching media and saving motives . finally, the results refer to the existence of proportional correlation between age, family size, ambition and satisfaction of life. while there was inverse correlation between education, watching media and satisfaction of life. the most important recommendations of the research is the recessity of preparing educational programs care with saving education teached to all educational stages to put the concept of saving and its importance in the soul of students. further than presenting programs of health psychology in school curriculum which emphasize on the concept of satisfaction, it's causes and the risks of non sense of it.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159390_8b17ca3f3e8a1586e95fb6dc59503ebd.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-12
33
October-December
380
401
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.159394
159394
Original Article
Perception of Rural Women about Factors Related To Sons Dropout Phenomenon and Their Practices to Eliminate It in Some Villages of Alexandria Governorate
إدراک الريفيات للعوامل المرتبطة بظاهرة تسرب الأبناء من التعليم وممارساتهن للحد منها فى بعض قرى محافظة الإسکندرية
Hayam M. A. Hassieb
1
Marwa M. Anwar
2
This research aimed mainly to study perception of rural women about factor related to sons dropout phenomenon and their practices to eliminate it in some villages of Alexandria governorate. The study was carried out through achieving the following objectives:
1- Asses some characteristics of respondents family society.
2- Determine the perception level of respondents about factors related to sons dropout phenomenon.
3- Asses the practice level of respondents to eliminate this phenomenon.
4- Study the relationship between some independent variables and each of the perception and practice levels of respondents.
Data were collected by questionnaire through personal interviews with a random sample consisted of (200) rural respondents.
Percentage, frequencies, Pearson correlation and Kendall correlation were used in data analysis.
Data indicated the following results:
1- Low and median perception levels about factors related to dropout phenomenon were observed among 81% of respondents.
2- 68.5% of respondents had high level practices to eliminate dropout phenomenon.
3- A significant relationship was found between some independents variables and the perception level of respondents.
4- A significant relationship was found between some independents variables and the practice level of respondents.
This research aimed mainly to study perception of rural women about factor related to sons dropout phenomenon and their practices to eliminate it in some villages of Alexandria governorate. The study was carried out through achieving the following objectives:
1- Asses some characteristics of respondents family society.
2- Determine the perception level of respondents about factors related to sons dropout phenomenon.
3- Asses the practice level of respondents to eliminate this phenomenon.
4- Study the relationship between some independent variables and each of the perception and practice levels of respondents.
Data were collected by questionnaire through personal interviews with a random sample consisted of (200) rural respondents.
Percentage, frequencies, Pearson correlation and Kendall correlation were used in data analysis.
Data indicated the following results:
1- Low and median perception levels about factors related to dropout phenomenon were observed among 81% of respondents.
2- 68.5% of respondents had high level practices to eliminate dropout phenomenon.
3- A significant relationship was found between some independents variables and the perception level of respondents.
4- A significant relationship was found between some independents variables and the practice level of respondents.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159394_52ac6eb336a15b6c28950d5d64386211.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-12-12
33
October-December
402
422
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.159397
159397
Original Article
Predicting the Economic Aspects and Indicators for Pasta in Egypt
التنبؤ بالمعالم والمؤشرات الاقتصادية للمکرونة في مصر
Sameh Mohamed Shehab
1
This research objective mainly to study economic analysis for Aspects and Indicators the present and the future of production, consumption, prices, and foreign trade of Pasta in Egypt during the period 2000/2001- 2009/2010, And its future prediction to 2014/2015, Has been used statistical methods, and trend analysis models, and exponential smoothing models, Research has relied on secondary data in achieving its objectives.
The most important results of the research are:
The production of pasta is characterized sectorial concentration in Egypt with a Captures of The private sector and investment Sector about 90.47%, while Captures the business Sector about 9.53% of the total production capacity of Pasta in Egypt in years 2009/2010
Shows study the general trend of Aspects and Indicators Pasta in Egypt during the period 2000/2001-2009/2010, it is taking an increasing trend statistically significant Except the average per capita consumption index did not prove statistical significant, It was found that the annual growth rate for each of the production, consumption, wholesale prices, retail prices, the amount of exports, imports amount to 4.08%, 5.80%, 7.36%, 9.86%, 48.09%, 20.73%.respectively
The percentage of self-sufficiency of pasta was reached to 175.02%, The average per capita consumption was about 4.23 kg / yr During the average study period.
Study the Instability Coefficient for the amount of pasta production show that Ranged between a minimum of around 0.96% in 2008/2009, and a maximum of around 22.65% in 2004/2005, and shows study the Instability Coefficient of the amount of pasta exports show that ranged between minimum of around 9.97% in 2008/2009, and a maximum of around 200.18% in 2002/2003, This gives an indication of the instability and volatility pasta exports, This is confirmed by fluctuations in production, and this is reflected in the instability of export policies, And then the ability to meet requirements of export
Has been used three models of exponential smoothing for forecasting, Has been the comparison between these models According to the number of stages, Statistical standards and economic criteria , has been shown expected to increase both production and consumption, the average per capita consumption, wholesale prices, and retail prices, the amount of exports, and the quantity of imports of pasta in Egypt until the year 2014/2015 An increase of some 18.96 %, 21.76%, 13.92%, 60.95%, 33.24%, 242.66%, 45.40% respectively, What it was in 2009/2010.
Research Recommendation:
The research recommends the need to activate agricultural industrialization strategies Generally, Pasta industry especially in the coming stage, Because it will inevitably doubling the employment rates of labor, And increase the added value, And high growth rates the Egyptian exports of the food industry in general, and especially Pasta.
This research objective mainly to study economic analysis for Aspects and Indicators the present and the future of production, consumption, prices, and foreign trade of Pasta in Egypt during the period 2000/2001- 2009/2010, And its future prediction to 2014/2015, Has been used statistical methods, and trend analysis models, and exponential smoothing models, Research has relied on secondary data in achieving its objectives.
The most important results of the research are:
The production of pasta is characterized sectorial concentration in Egypt with a Captures of The private sector and investment Sector about 90.47%, while Captures the business Sector about 9.53% of the total production capacity of Pasta in Egypt in years 2009/2010
Shows study the general trend of Aspects and Indicators Pasta in Egypt during the period 2000/2001-2009/2010, it is taking an increasing trend statistically significant Except the average per capita consumption index did not prove statistical significant, It was found that the annual growth rate for each of the production, consumption, wholesale prices, retail prices, the amount of exports, imports amount to 4.08%, 5.80%, 7.36%, 9.86%, 48.09%, 20.73%.respectively
The percentage of self-sufficiency of pasta was reached to 175.02%, The average per capita consumption was about 4.23 kg / yr During the average study period.
Study the Instability Coefficient for the amount of pasta production show that Ranged between a minimum of around 0.96% in 2008/2009, and a maximum of around 22.65% in 2004/2005, and shows study the Instability Coefficient of the amount of pasta exports show that ranged between minimum of around 9.97% in 2008/2009, and a maximum of around 200.18% in 2002/2003, This gives an indication of the instability and volatility pasta exports, This is confirmed by fluctuations in production, and this is reflected in the instability of export policies, And then the ability to meet requirements of export
Has been used three models of exponential smoothing for forecasting, Has been the comparison between these models According to the number of stages, Statistical standards and economic criteria , has been shown expected to increase both production and consumption, the average per capita consumption, wholesale prices, and retail prices, the amount of exports, and the quantity of imports of pasta in Egypt until the year 2014/2015 An increase of some 18.96 %, 21.76%, 13.92%, 60.95%, 33.24%, 242.66%, 45.40% respectively, What it was in 2009/2010.
Research Recommendation:
The research recommends the need to activate agricultural industrialization strategies Generally, Pasta industry especially in the coming stage, Because it will inevitably doubling the employment rates of labor, And increase the added value, And high growth rates the Egyptian exports of the food industry in general, and especially Pasta.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159397_d71edee9e294a076b3aa0ccba13fc4c7.pdf