eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-30
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
372
380
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.2641
2641
Original Article
Reducing Mineral Fertilizers by Using Organic Manure to Improve Washington Navel Orange Productivity and Sandy Soil Characteristics
تقليل التسميد المعدنى باستخدام التسميد العضوى لتحسين انتاجية أشجار البرتقال أبوسرة
وصفات التربة الرملية
Abedel-Sattar M.
1
M. EL-Tanany
2
H. EL-Kouny
3
Pomology Dept., Fac. of Agric. (El-Shatby), Alex. Univ., Egypt.
2Citriculture Dept., Hort. Res., Inst., Agric. Res. Center
Soil, Water and Environment Res., Inst., Agric. Res. Center
A field experiment was conducted during 2007/ 2008 and 2008/ 2009 seasons in a private orchard at El- Boustan region, EL-Behera Governorate, on 15 year old Washington navel orange trees (Citrus sinensis, L.)budded on sour orange rootstock (Citrus aurantium, L.).Trees were fertilized with mineral and organic fertilizers alone or in combinations. The used mineral fertilizer (T1) was 4.76 kg /tree ammonium sulphate added in three equal doses in March, May and August, 1.19 kg /tree potassium sulphate added in March and August in two equal doses and, 1.49 kg /tree calcium super phosphate added in March of both seasons. Moreover, the used organic manure (O.M) composed of 27.7 kg/ tree compost equal to 900 g N, 200g P2O and 500g K2O) added in November of both seasons. Results indicated an improvement in physical and chemical properties of the fruits by treatments including organic manure and mineral fertilizer. Moreover, the treatment (T6) 80% M.F +20% O.M significantly resulted in the highest values of fruit set, fruit retention, yield, TSS, acidity and vitamin C content. In addition, all treatments which contain organic manure significantly increased leaf mineral contents.Application oforganic manure alone or in combinations to sandy soil improved its physical and chemical properties whichreflected on soil fertility and structure. This improvement in soil structure, which reflected on increasing values of cation exchange capacity(CEC), available water (A.W), field capacity (F.C), total porosity %(T- porosity), soil organic matter (S.O.M),and decreasing of bulk density (fB). In the same time, such increase was more pronounced in content of plant nutrients (NPK) which was obtained by applying 40% M.F + 60% O.M (T4).
A field experiment was conducted during 2007/ 2008 and 2008/ 2009 seasons in a private orchard at El- Boustan region, EL-Behera Governorate, on 15 year old Washington navel orange trees (Citrus sinensis, L.)budded on sour orange rootstock (Citrus aurantium, L.).Trees were fertilized with mineral and organic fertilizers alone or in combinations. The used mineral fertilizer (T1) was 4.76 kg /tree ammonium sulphate added in three equal doses in March, May and August, 1.19 kg /tree potassium sulphate added in March and August in two equal doses and, 1.49 kg /tree calcium super phosphate added in March of both seasons. Moreover, the used organic manure (O.M) composed of 27.7 kg/ tree compost equal to 900 g N, 200g P2O and 500g K2O) added in November of both seasons. Results indicated an improvement in physical and chemical properties of the fruits by treatments including organic manure and mineral fertilizer. Moreover, the treatment (T6) 80% M.F +20% O.M significantly resulted in the highest values of fruit set, fruit retention, yield, TSS, acidity and vitamin C content. In addition, all treatments which contain organic manure significantly increased leaf mineral contents.Application oforganic manure alone or in combinations to sandy soil improved its physical and chemical properties whichreflected on soil fertility and structure. This improvement in soil structure, which reflected on increasing values of cation exchange capacity(CEC), available water (A.W), field capacity (F.C), total porosity %(T- porosity), soil organic matter (S.O.M),and decreasing of bulk density (fB). In the same time, such increase was more pronounced in content of plant nutrients (NPK) which was obtained by applying 40% M.F + 60% O.M (T4).
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2641_37aee6abafc9ceae2eab118b13d7c0b7.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-30
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
381
391
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.2642
2642
Original Article
Population Fluctuations of Mites Inhabiting Three Kinds of Animals' Manure in Two Locations in Egypt
التغيرات العددية للحلم المتواجد فى ثلاث أنواع من الروث فى منطقتين بمصر
El-Shazly M. Y.
1
A. Zaki
2
E. M. Tayeb
3
S. Ahmed
4
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. of Agric. (Saba Basha), Alexandria Univ., Egypt.
Ent. & Zool. Dept., Fac. of Agric., El-Monufia Univ., Egypt.
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. of Agric. (Saba Basha), Alexandria Univ., Egypt.
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. of Agric. (Saba Basha), Alexandria Univ., Egypt.
Monthly population fluctuations of mites inhabiting cattle manure, sheep manure and poultry manure in Abees and Abo-Hommous representing Alexandria and Beheira Governorates respectively in Egypt were studied. Population densities of the four mite suborders fluctuated from a month to another all year round in the three types of manure concerning the two locations of study and occurred in this descending order; Acaridida, Gamasida Oribatida and Actinedida in cattle manure in both locations. On the other hand, they were in the descending order; Acaridida, Actinedida, Gamasida and Oribatida in sheep and poultry manures, in both locations. There were significant differences among the mean numbers of mites in certain months of inspections in all the suborders in the different manure types and locations except suborder Actinedida in cattle and sheep manures in Abo-Hommous.No significant correlation was found between mean mite numbers of any two suborders in the three manuretypes and the two locations except strong positive correlations only between oribatid mites and gamasidmites moreover, between Actinedid mites and acaridid mites in cattle manure in Abees.No significant correlation was found between mean mite numbers of any suborder in the three manure typesof the two locations and air temperature, relative humidity or percentages of manure moisture content.
Monthly population fluctuations of mites inhabiting cattle manure, sheep manure and poultry manure in Abees and Abo-Hommous representing Alexandria and Beheira Governorates respectively in Egypt were studied. Population densities of the four mite suborders fluctuated from a month to another all year round in the three types of manure concerning the two locations of study and occurred in this descending order; Acaridida, Gamasida Oribatida and Actinedida in cattle manure in both locations. On the other hand, they were in the descending order; Acaridida, Actinedida, Gamasida and Oribatida in sheep and poultry manures, in both locations. There were significant differences among the mean numbers of mites in certain months of inspections in all the suborders in the different manure types and locations except suborder Actinedida in cattle and sheep manures in Abo-Hommous.No significant correlation was found between mean mite numbers of any two suborders in the three manuretypes and the two locations except strong positive correlations only between oribatid mites and gamasidmites moreover, between Actinedid mites and acaridid mites in cattle manure in Abees.No significant correlation was found between mean mite numbers of any suborder in the three manure typesof the two locations and air temperature, relative humidity or percentages of manure moisture content.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2642_6b5a139ff1b6e44daeabfcc8d3505a06.pdf
Key words: Cattle
sheep
poultry manures' inhabiting mites
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-30
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
392
399
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.2643
2643
Original Article
The Use of Biotechnology for Biodegradation of Paper Manufacturing Wastes (Kraft Lignin) Via Egyptian Bacterial Isolates
استخدام التکنولوجيا الحيوية فى التکسير الحيوى لمخلفات صناعة الورق (اللجنين) بواسطة عزلات بکتيرية مصرية
Abuo Gabal ashgan
1
Abd Elsalam Hassan
2
Abd Al-Aziz Samia
3
El-Hanafy Amr
4
Mohamed Abdallah
5
Faculty of Agriculture – Saba Basha, Genetic Department, Alexandria University, Egypt.
2Arid lands Cultivation and Development Research Institute, Soil and water Technologies Department, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Egypt.
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Nucleic Acids Research Department, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Egypt.
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Nucleic Acids Research Department, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Egypt.
2Arid lands Cultivation and Development Research Institute, Soil and water Technologies Department, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Egypt.
Lignin contained in pulping liquor that is generated during the pulping process for papermaking is a disposalproblem for the pulp and paper industry because it causes a serious pollution and toxicity problem in aquaticecosystems, owing to its low biodegradability and high range of color. Four bacterial strains were isolated from soil, water and activated sludge samples which were collected from the effluent treatment plant of Rakta Pulp and Paper Company, Eltabia, Alexandria, Egypt in sterile test tubes. After isolation and purification of the bacterial isolates, they were tested for the degradation of kraft lignin (KL) using sterile mineral salt medium (MSM) containing KL 1000 mg l–1 (designated hereafter L-MSM) andsupplemented with 1.0% glucose and 0.5% peptone (w/v) added in L-MSM-broth and L-MSM-agar as growthsupportive substrates and incubated for seven days under aerobic conditions at 30 °C and 120 rpm. Samples were withdrawn periodically at 1-day intervals for seven days and analysed for bacterium growth, reduction of color and residual KL content. The isolates were subjected to 16S rDNA sequence for identification. Partial sequence of 16S rDNA revealed that these isolates were Bacillus subtilis subsp. Subtilis, Citrobacter farmeri, Escherichia fergusonii and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila. The average reduction of color was 85.4, 70.1, 61.7 and 74.5 % and lignin degradation 71.4, 62.2, 54.5 and 57.1%, respectively.
Lignin contained in pulping liquor that is generated during the pulping process for papermaking is a disposalproblem for the pulp and paper industry because it causes a serious pollution and toxicity problem in aquaticecosystems, owing to its low biodegradability and high range of color. Four bacterial strains were isolated from soil, water and activated sludge samples which were collected from the effluent treatment plant of Rakta Pulp and Paper Company, Eltabia, Alexandria, Egypt in sterile test tubes. After isolation and purification of the bacterial isolates, they were tested for the degradation of kraft lignin (KL) using sterile mineral salt medium (MSM) containing KL 1000 mg l–1 (designated hereafter L-MSM) andsupplemented with 1.0% glucose and 0.5% peptone (w/v) added in L-MSM-broth and L-MSM-agar as growthsupportive substrates and incubated for seven days under aerobic conditions at 30 °C and 120 rpm. Samples were withdrawn periodically at 1-day intervals for seven days and analysed for bacterium growth, reduction of color and residual KL content. The isolates were subjected to 16S rDNA sequence for identification. Partial sequence of 16S rDNA revealed that these isolates were Bacillus subtilis subsp. Subtilis, Citrobacter farmeri, Escherichia fergusonii and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila. The average reduction of color was 85.4, 70.1, 61.7 and 74.5 % and lignin degradation 71.4, 62.2, 54.5 and 57.1%, respectively.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2643_6c79045dd3c7ca4e234b70b267333d0c.pdf
Key words: Biotechnology
biodegradation
kraft lignin
16S rDNA and bacteria
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-30
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
400
408
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.2646
2646
Original Article
Effects of Zeolite, Compost and Unisal on Growth and Elemental Composition of Barley (Hordeum sp.) Plants Irrigated With Saline Water
تاثير الزيوليت والکمبوست واليونى سال على النمو والترکيب الکيميائي لنبات الشعير المروى بمياه مالحة
Nasseem G.
1
M. Hussin
2
W. Mohmed
3
A. Saleh
4
Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha,Alexandria University, Egypt.
Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha,Alexandria University, Egypt.
Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha,Alexandria University, Egypt.
Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha,Alexandria University, Egypt.
Soil salinity is a major abiotic factor limiting crop production but an amendment with compost, zeolite orunisal may mitigate the effects of salinity stress on plants.The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of compost, zeolite and unisal on growth of barley plant irrigated with diluted seawater. Barley was the grown on a calcareaus soil treated with compst, zeolite and unisal at the rates of 0 , 4, 8 and 12 % and irrigated with seawater diluted to electrical conductivity (EC) levels of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 dS m-1 while tap water was as the control (EC = 0.44 dS/m. Irrigation with 5.0 and 7.5 dS m-1 saline waters significantly suppressed fresh and dry weight of barely plants. However, a substantial increase in plant biomass of salt stressed barley was observed with the threeamendments followed the order, compost > unisal > unisal.The application of compost, zeolite or unisal also enhanced K+, Ca+2 and Mg+2 absorption and decreased Na+, Cl-and SO4= in barely shoot. Post-harvest soil analysis showed high EC values of soil due to saline water irrigation but concentrations were lower in soils treated with the tested amendments especially zeolite. The overall results indicated that soil amendment with compost or zeolite could effectively ameliorate salinity stress and improve nutrient balance barley plant grown on a calcareous soil.
Soil salinity is a major abiotic factor limiting crop production but an amendment with compost, zeolite orunisal may mitigate the effects of salinity stress on plants.The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of compost, zeolite and unisal on growth of barley plant irrigated with diluted seawater. Barley was the grown on a calcareaus soil treated with compst, zeolite and unisal at the rates of 0 , 4, 8 and 12 % and irrigated with seawater diluted to electrical conductivity (EC) levels of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 dS m-1 while tap water was as the control (EC = 0.44 dS/m. Irrigation with 5.0 and 7.5 dS m-1 saline waters significantly suppressed fresh and dry weight of barely plants. However, a substantial increase in plant biomass of salt stressed barley was observed with the threeamendments followed the order, compost > unisal > unisal.The application of compost, zeolite or unisal also enhanced K+, Ca+2 and Mg+2 absorption and decreased Na+, Cl-and SO4= in barely shoot. Post-harvest soil analysis showed high EC values of soil due to saline water irrigation but concentrations were lower in soils treated with the tested amendments especially zeolite. The overall results indicated that soil amendment with compost or zeolite could effectively ameliorate salinity stress and improve nutrient balance barley plant grown on a calcareous soil.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2646_2334d44cb5d879fa018cd546cb29faab.pdf
Keywords: barley
saline water
Zeolite
Soil salinity
compost
unisal
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-30
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
409
421
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.2649
2649
Original Article
Response of Maize Hybrid to Biofertilization, Soil Nitrogen Application and Weed Control
إستجابة هجين الذرة الشامية للتسميد الحيوي والتسميد الأرضي بالنتروجين ومقاومة الحشائش
Radwan F.I.
1
M.A.A. Nassar
2
Plant Production Dept., Fac. of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University
Plant Production Dept., Fac. of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University
Two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture (SabaBasha), Alexandria University, during 2007 and 2008 summer seasons. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of biofertilization, VA-mycorrhizal inoculation, soil nitrogen application and weed control on growth attributes, yield and yield components of maize hybrid cultivar, namely, three-way cross 310 (T.W. C. 310).The obtained results indicated that the combined treatment of VAM-fungi, and cerealen bio-fertilizerssupported by 105.0 kg N/ha, had positive significant effects on all the studied characters. The combination of VA-mycorrhizal and biofertilizer of cerealen in addition to a rate of 105.0 kg N/ha, was thebest treatment to obtain the highest growth attributes, yield, yield components and weed characters ofT.W.C.310.The highest grain yield/ha, total dry weight and weed characters were obtained from hand hoeingtwice, atrazine inoculation with VA-mycorrhiza, biofertilizers cerealen and fertilized with 105.0kg N/ha.
Two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture (SabaBasha), Alexandria University, during 2007 and 2008 summer seasons. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of biofertilization, VA-mycorrhizal inoculation, soil nitrogen application and weed control on growth attributes, yield and yield components of maize hybrid cultivar, namely, three-way cross 310 (T.W. C. 310).The obtained results indicated that the combined treatment of VAM-fungi, and cerealen bio-fertilizerssupported by 105.0 kg N/ha, had positive significant effects on all the studied characters. The combination of VA-mycorrhizal and biofertilizer of cerealen in addition to a rate of 105.0 kg N/ha, was thebest treatment to obtain the highest growth attributes, yield, yield components and weed characters ofT.W.C.310.The highest grain yield/ha, total dry weight and weed characters were obtained from hand hoeingtwice, atrazine inoculation with VA-mycorrhiza, biofertilizers cerealen and fertilized with 105.0kg N/ha.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2649_8c5fd5314deaa5d63e2daa5e5f6b37f5.pdf
Key words: Nitrogen application
T.W.C310
Cerealen
Mycorrhiza
atrazine
hand hoeing
weed control
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-30
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
422
428
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.2652
2652
Original Article
Differential Gene Function and Physico-Chemical Properties of Sugar Beet Chromatin
تفاوت وظيفة الجين والخواص الفيزيوکيماوية للکروماتين
Seehy M. A
1
Amira Khatab
2
Dept. Genetics Fac. of Agric. Alexandria University.
Dept. of Biology Fac. of Girls Education Univ. of Elmajmaah. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The present investigation aims at studying the possibility to use the physico-chemical properties of thepurified chromatin as an indicator for transcriptional activity. In order to achieve such a purpose, five different breeding materials of sugar beet are selected and used. These materials are: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Temperature of melting (Tm) estimated in 0C and hyperchromicity were estimated at 260 nm and 280 nm, as well as the chemical compositions of chromatin; DNA; Histones; non histones and total proteins. The chemical compositions, relative to DNA showed that different chemical compositions; temperature of melting; hyperchromicity, and repressed fraction of genome were obtained, giving a strong evidence that these molecular biomarkers might be used in breeding program of sugar beet. In conclusion the present investigation recommends the use of physico-chemical properties as a molecular biomarker to measure the transcriptional activity of plant materials.
The present investigation aims at studying the possibility to use the physico-chemical properties of thepurified chromatin as an indicator for transcriptional activity. In order to achieve such a purpose, five different breeding materials of sugar beet are selected and used. These materials are: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Temperature of melting (Tm) estimated in 0C and hyperchromicity were estimated at 260 nm and 280 nm, as well as the chemical compositions of chromatin; DNA; Histones; non histones and total proteins. The chemical compositions, relative to DNA showed that different chemical compositions; temperature of melting; hyperchromicity, and repressed fraction of genome were obtained, giving a strong evidence that these molecular biomarkers might be used in breeding program of sugar beet. In conclusion the present investigation recommends the use of physico-chemical properties as a molecular biomarker to measure the transcriptional activity of plant materials.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2652_8c426051e21255b3f6227964a701eec6.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-30
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
442
452
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.2706
2706
Original Article
Comparative Performance of Wheat Post-Emergence Herbicides In Relation To Their Effect on Wheat Yield
أداء بعض مبيدات الحشائش ما بعد الانبثاق وتأثيرها على إنتاجية محصول القمح
Saad, A. S. A.
1
E. H. M. Tayeb
2
M. A. Masoud
3
R. A. A. Shawer
4
Plant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agric., Alexandria Univ., Egypt
Plant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agric., Alexandria Univ., Egypt
Plant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agric., Alexandria Univ., Egypt
Plant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agric., Alexandria Univ., Egypt
Two field experiments were conducted in a research experimental farm in Rasheed region, Behaira Governorate during two wheat growing seasons of 2007 and 2008 winter to evaluate the performance of certain herbicides namely: bromoxynil-octanoate (Brominal® 24% EC), tribenuron-methyl (Granstar® 75% DF), diflufenican+isoproturon (Panther® 55% SC) and florasulam+flumetsulam (Derby® 17.5 % SC) at rates of 1000 ml, 8 g, 600 ml and 30 ml, respectively/feddan. The evaluated herbicides are selected against the broad leaved weeds and therefore they have been used to overcome the most harmful weeds[ wild beet (Beta vulgaris), nettleleaf goosefoot (Chenopodium murale) and toothed bur clover(Medicago hispida)] found in the fields of wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Sakha 61). Furthermore the effect of the evaluated compounds on wheat yield was considered. The data showed that the superior effect was achieved by tribenuron-methyl (Granstar®). Meanwhile it is also recorded the highest percentage of wheat yield increase, followed by bromoxynil-octanoate (Brominal®), florasulam + flumetsulam (Derby®) and diflufenican + isoproturon (Panther®). All the applied treatments increased the weight of 1000-grains over the weedy check treatment in both seasons of 2007 and 2008.
Two field experiments were conducted in a research experimental farm in Rasheed region, Behaira Governorate during two wheat growing seasons of 2007 and 2008 winter to evaluate the performance of certain herbicides namely: bromoxynil-octanoate (Brominal® 24% EC), tribenuron-methyl (Granstar® 75% DF), diflufenican+isoproturon (Panther® 55% SC) and florasulam+flumetsulam (Derby® 17.5 % SC) at rates of 1000 ml, 8 g, 600 ml and 30 ml, respectively/feddan. The evaluated herbicides are selected against the broad leaved weeds and therefore they have been used to overcome the most harmful weeds[ wild beet (Beta vulgaris), nettleleaf goosefoot (Chenopodium murale) and toothed bur clover(Medicago hispida)] found in the fields of wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Sakha 61). Furthermore the effect of the evaluated compounds on wheat yield was considered. The data showed that the superior effect was achieved by tribenuron-methyl (Granstar®). Meanwhile it is also recorded the highest percentage of wheat yield increase, followed by bromoxynil-octanoate (Brominal®), florasulam + flumetsulam (Derby®) and diflufenican + isoproturon (Panther®). All the applied treatments increased the weight of 1000-grains over the weedy check treatment in both seasons of 2007 and 2008.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2706_343072a6c0a8804014d05794bd9cd95a.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-30
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
453
466
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.2707
2707
Original Article
Water Quality Evaluation of El Umoum Drain, West Nile Delta of Egypt, During the Period 1989-2010
تقييم نوعية مياه مصرف العموم، غرب دلتا النيل بمصر خلال الفترة1989- 2010
Ibrahim Elsokkary
elsokkary35@gmail.com
1
A. Abukila
alaafg@gmail.com
2
Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
National Water Research Center, Drainage Research institute, Egypt El-Qanater El-Khairiya post code:13621
Planning for reuse of agricultural drainage water, for agricultural irrigation, was elaborated by the desire of the Egyptian government to use the water of the drain catchments rather than the use of isolated drain. ElUmoum drain project (West Nile Delta region) is planned for mixing drainage water with fresh water. The objectives of this study, therefore, were to evaluate the quality of the water of the drains of El Umoum catchments area and to calculate the water quality index (WQI) for the drains in this area.Samples of water were collected in the years: 1989, 2000 and 2010 at three flow conditions: low flow winterseason (December), winter closure period (January) and high flow summer season (August).The obtained results indicated high pollution of the main drains by inorganic and organic compounds. The concentration of total dissolved solid (TDS) had been increased in the drains with time proceeding and were higher in water collected in 2010 than in water collected in 1989 and 2000, and also increased with water flow from south to north direction. The lowest levels of TDS were recorded in water of Abu Hommos drain (average values of 1304 and 1408 mg/l in 1989 and 2000, respectively) and the highest levels were recorded in the water of El Umoum drain at Bab ElAbeed (average values of 4117 and 4200 mg/l in 1989 and 2000, respectively). The highest concentrations of COD were recorded in the water of Abu Hommos drain (average values of 56 and 68 mg/l in 1989 and 2000, respectively) and lowest levels were recorded in the water of El Umoum drain at Bab ElAbeed (Average values of 30, 34 and 30 mg/l in 1989, 2000 and 2010, respectively).The concentrations of BOD5 were the highest in water of Abu Hommos drain (average values of 23 and 34 mg/l in 1989 and 2000, respectively) and the lowest values were in water of El Umoum drain at Bab ElAbeed (average values of 12, 15 and 13 in 1989, 2000 and 2010, respectively). It is clear, therefore, that the concentrations of TDS, COD and BOD5 were high and did not meet the requirements of the standard limits of the Egyptian law 48/1982. However, the concentrations of NO3 - , total Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the water of all drains of El Umoum catchments were within the standard levels of the law 48/1982.
Planning for reuse of agricultural drainage water, for agricultural irrigation, was elaborated by the desire of the Egyptian government to use the water of the drain catchments rather than the use of isolated drain. ElUmoum drain project (West Nile Delta region) is planned for mixing drainage water with fresh water. The objectives of this study, therefore, were to evaluate the quality of the water of the drains of El Umoum catchments area and to calculate the water quality index (WQI) for the drains in this area.Samples of water were collected in the years: 1989, 2000 and 2010 at three flow conditions: low flow winterseason (December), winter closure period (January) and high flow summer season (August).The obtained results indicated high pollution of the main drains by inorganic and organic compounds. The concentration of total dissolved solid (TDS) had been increased in the drains with time proceeding and were higher in water collected in 2010 than in water collected in 1989 and 2000, and also increased with water flow from south to north direction. The lowest levels of TDS were recorded in water of Abu Hommos drain (average values of 1304 and 1408 mg/l in 1989 and 2000, respectively) and the highest levels were recorded in the water of El Umoum drain at Bab ElAbeed (average values of 4117 and 4200 mg/l in 1989 and 2000, respectively). The highest concentrations of COD were recorded in the water of Abu Hommos drain (average values of 56 and 68 mg/l in 1989 and 2000, respectively) and lowest levels were recorded in the water of El Umoum drain at Bab ElAbeed (Average values of 30, 34 and 30 mg/l in 1989, 2000 and 2010, respectively).The concentrations of BOD5 were the highest in water of Abu Hommos drain (average values of 23 and 34 mg/l in 1989 and 2000, respectively) and the lowest values were in water of El Umoum drain at Bab ElAbeed (average values of 12, 15 and 13 in 1989, 2000 and 2010, respectively). It is clear, therefore, that the concentrations of TDS, COD and BOD5 were high and did not meet the requirements of the standard limits of the Egyptian law 48/1982. However, the concentrations of NO3 - , total Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the water of all drains of El Umoum catchments were within the standard levels of the law 48/1982.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2707_620626bcef81ede052d1774313d0bb47.pdf
Key Words: TDS
COD
BOD5
Heavy metals
El Umoum catchments
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-31
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
467
478
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.2708
2708
Original Article
Microbial Biomass and Respiration of Soil Cultivated with Wheat Grown on Calcareous Soil as Influenced by Nitrogen Fertilization, Biofertilization and Farmyard Manure Application
تقييم تأثير التسميد النيتروجينى والتسميد الحيوى وإضافى سماد المزرعة على الکتلة الحيوية الميکروبية والتنفس لأرض جيرية
Ibrahim Elsokkary
elsokkary35@gmail.com
1
A. Abd El-All
2
H. Gomaa
3
Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, El Shatby, Alexandria university , Egypt.
Soil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., El-Noubariya, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt.
Soil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., El-Noubariya, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt.
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the influence of mineral N fertilizer alone or in combination with biofertilizer (B) or farmyard manure (FYM) on the microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and soil respiration (SR) of soils collected at tillering, heading and harvest growth stages of wheat plant grown on calcareous soil. Field experiment was carried out at El-Noubariya Res. St., Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation. The experimental design was split plot in four riplicates where N was the main treatment (0, 30, 60 and 90 kgN/Fed) as ammonium nitrate, and biofertilizer: cerialin (B) or farmyard manure (FYM) was the sub-treatment. Phosphorus as superphosphate fertilizer and potassium as potassium sulfate fertilizer were applied to the soil before seed sowing during tillage practices. The seeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Giza 168 were sown in Dec. 2007.The obtained results showed significant increases in the levels of MBC, MBN and SR with increasing rates ofapplied N alone and in combination with B or with FYM.The levels of MBC were higher in soils (0 – 20 cm) collected at heading growth stage (mean values of 413.7and 675.3 mgC/kg soil for N + B and for N + FYM treatments, respectively) than at tillering and harvestgrowth stages. The levels of MBN were higher in soils (0 – 20 cm) collected at tillering (mean values of 225.3 and 352.1 mg N/kg soil with N + B and N + FYM treatments, respectively) than at heading and harvest growth stages. In addition, the levels of SR were higher in soils (0 – 20 cm) collected at heading (mean values of 173.4 and 281.4 mg CO2/kg soil with N + B and N + FYM treatments, respectively) than at tillering and harvest growth stages. These data suggest that combined use of organic manure such as FYM with mineral N fertilizer would maintain high microbial biomass in calcareous soil.
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the influence of mineral N fertilizer alone or in combination with biofertilizer (B) or farmyard manure (FYM) on the microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and soil respiration (SR) of soils collected at tillering, heading and harvest growth stages of wheat plant grown on calcareous soil. Field experiment was carried out at El-Noubariya Res. St., Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation. The experimental design was split plot in four riplicates where N was the main treatment (0, 30, 60 and 90 kgN/Fed) as ammonium nitrate, and biofertilizer: cerialin (B) or farmyard manure (FYM) was the sub-treatment. Phosphorus as superphosphate fertilizer and potassium as potassium sulfate fertilizer were applied to the soil before seed sowing during tillage practices. The seeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Giza 168 were sown in Dec. 2007.The obtained results showed significant increases in the levels of MBC, MBN and SR with increasing rates ofapplied N alone and in combination with B or with FYM.The levels of MBC were higher in soils (0 – 20 cm) collected at heading growth stage (mean values of 413.7and 675.3 mgC/kg soil for N + B and for N + FYM treatments, respectively) than at tillering and harvestgrowth stages. The levels of MBN were higher in soils (0 – 20 cm) collected at tillering (mean values of 225.3 and 352.1 mg N/kg soil with N + B and N + FYM treatments, respectively) than at heading and harvest growth stages. In addition, the levels of SR were higher in soils (0 – 20 cm) collected at heading (mean values of 173.4 and 281.4 mg CO2/kg soil with N + B and N + FYM treatments, respectively) than at tillering and harvest growth stages. These data suggest that combined use of organic manure such as FYM with mineral N fertilizer would maintain high microbial biomass in calcareous soil.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2708_4ebf7409116e12d3b65de69030930227.pdf
Keywords:Microbial biomass carbon
Microbial biomass nitrogen
Soil respiration
Available nitrogen
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-31
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
479
488
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.2709
2709
Original Article
Inhibitory Effect of Extracts of Alpinia officinarum, Laurus nobilis and Solenostemma argel on Egg Hatching of The Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and Their Possible Application in Nematode Control on Tomato
التأثير المثبط لمستخلصات نباتات الخولنجان، الغار والحرجل لفقس بيض نيماتودا تعقد الجذور
وإمکانية تطبيقهم في مکافحة النيماتودا على الطماطم Meloidogyne incognita
Amr El-Sherbiny
amr_elsherbiny_1968@yahoo.com
1
Fahad Al-Yahya
2
Nematology Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Crude ethanolic extracts of dried rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum and leaves of Laurus nobilis and Solenostemma argel at the concentrations 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm significantly inhibited egg hatching of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita under laboratory conditions. The maximum inhibition (82.06%) was achieved by S. argel (1000 ppm), while the minimum one (29.11%) was recorded for L. nobilis (100 ppm). The probit analysis of all tested plant extracts revealed that the inhibitory concentration of egg hatching by 50% (IC50) was 238.4, 346.2 and 141.8 ppm for A. officinarum, L. nobilis and S. argel, respectively. Thus, extract of S. argel was the best one in inhibiting egg hatching, followed by extracts of A. officinarum and L. nobilis, respectively. The possible application of all tested plant extracts at the concentrations 500 and 1000 ppm as soil drenching following nematode inoculation, comparing to the nematicide Carbofuran 10% in controlling M. incognita on tomatoes cv. Marmande was studied under greenhouse conditions. All plant extracts and Carbofuran significantly reduced nematode infection as compared to the nematode check plants. Extract of S. argel (1000 ppm) achieved the highest reduction in numbers of root galls (80.6%), egg masses (91.0%) and reproduction factor of nematode, Rf (91.4%), while extract of L. nobilis (500 ppm) gave the lowest ones (59.1, 79.6 and 77.8% in galls, egg masses and Rf, respectively). Plant growth criteria of tomatoes were significantly increased as influenced by the application of plant extracts as compared to the nematode check plants, where extract of L. nobilis provided the highest increase (90.1 - 100%), followed by extracts of A. officinarum (37.5 - 65.8%) and S. argel (39.0 - 46.1%). Extract of S. argel recorded a high relative nematicidal efficacy to Carbofuran 10% ranged from 81.6 - 112.7%, followed by extracts of A. officinarum (68.4 - 84.8%) and L. nobilis (48.2 - 62.7%).
Crude ethanolic extracts of dried rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum and leaves of Laurus nobilis and Solenostemma argel at the concentrations 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm significantly inhibited egg hatching of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita under laboratory conditions. The maximum inhibition (82.06%) was achieved by S. argel (1000 ppm), while the minimum one (29.11%) was recorded for L. nobilis (100 ppm). The probit analysis of all tested plant extracts revealed that the inhibitory concentration of egg hatching by 50% (IC50) was 238.4, 346.2 and 141.8 ppm for A. officinarum, L. nobilis and S. argel, respectively. Thus, extract of S. argel was the best one in inhibiting egg hatching, followed by extracts of A. officinarum and L. nobilis, respectively. The possible application of all tested plant extracts at the concentrations 500 and 1000 ppm as soil drenching following nematode inoculation, comparing to the nematicide Carbofuran 10% in controlling M. incognita on tomatoes cv. Marmande was studied under greenhouse conditions. All plant extracts and Carbofuran significantly reduced nematode infection as compared to the nematode check plants. Extract of S. argel (1000 ppm) achieved the highest reduction in numbers of root galls (80.6%), egg masses (91.0%) and reproduction factor of nematode, Rf (91.4%), while extract of L. nobilis (500 ppm) gave the lowest ones (59.1, 79.6 and 77.8% in galls, egg masses and Rf, respectively). Plant growth criteria of tomatoes were significantly increased as influenced by the application of plant extracts as compared to the nematode check plants, where extract of L. nobilis provided the highest increase (90.1 - 100%), followed by extracts of A. officinarum (37.5 - 65.8%) and S. argel (39.0 - 46.1%). Extract of S. argel recorded a high relative nematicidal efficacy to Carbofuran 10% ranged from 81.6 - 112.7%, followed by extracts of A. officinarum (68.4 - 84.8%) and L. nobilis (48.2 - 62.7%).
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2709_7483a983c99260aede41e97712b7a492.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-31
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
489
497
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.2710
2710
Original Article
Response of Guava Cv. Seedy Montakhab Trees to Micronutrients and Its Effect on Fruit Quality
إستجابة أشجار الجوافة صنف بذرى منتخب للتغذية بالعناصر الصغرى وأثر ذلک على
جودة الثمار
El-Sisy, W.A.A.Z.
1
EL-Maamoura Botanical Garden. Alex. Horticlutural Research Institute. Agric. Res. Center. Giza. Egypt.
This investigation was carried out during 2009 and 2010 seasons on 15 years old seedy guava trees grown insandy soil of EL-Maamoura region east of Alexandria to evaluate the effect of foliar spray or soil application with mixture of Fe + Mn + Zn in two forms, chelate and sulphate in two rates (1500 and 3000 ppm) on leaf area, leaf total chlorophyll, number of fruits, fruit weight, yield, fruit quality and leaf and fruit mineral contents. The results revealed significant increase of leaf area, leaf total chlorophyll, yield as weight or number of fruits/ tree as well as average fruit weight, length and fruit pulp thickness, TSS %, V.C and total sugars %, reducing and non-reducing sugars comparing with control.The best results associated with the high rate of mixture (Fe + Mn + Zn) 3000 ppm either foliar or soilapplication in form chelate or sulphate twice annually.
This investigation was carried out during 2009 and 2010 seasons on 15 years old seedy guava trees grown insandy soil of EL-Maamoura region east of Alexandria to evaluate the effect of foliar spray or soil application with mixture of Fe + Mn + Zn in two forms, chelate and sulphate in two rates (1500 and 3000 ppm) on leaf area, leaf total chlorophyll, number of fruits, fruit weight, yield, fruit quality and leaf and fruit mineral contents. The results revealed significant increase of leaf area, leaf total chlorophyll, yield as weight or number of fruits/ tree as well as average fruit weight, length and fruit pulp thickness, TSS %, V.C and total sugars %, reducing and non-reducing sugars comparing with control.The best results associated with the high rate of mixture (Fe + Mn + Zn) 3000 ppm either foliar or soilapplication in form chelate or sulphate twice annually.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2710_b529cfa3cf769f16c78ad658e4143a4a.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-31
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
498
514
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.2711
2711
Original Article
Management of Groundwater Using Mathematical Model at Bahariya Oasis, Egypt
ادارة المياه الجوفية باستخدام النمذجة الرياضية فى الواحات البحرية بمصر
Himida, I.H .
1
Holial, H.M.
2
Shaaban, M.N.
3
El-Fiky, A.A.
4
Abd El-Latif, R.M.
5
Dept of Hydrology, Desert Research Center, Egypt
Dept of Geology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
Dept of Geology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
Dept of Environmental, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
Dept of Hydrology, Desert Research Center, Egypt
The Bahariya Oasis is located in the central part of the Western Desert. The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer is the most important source of groundwater in the Western Desert, particularly in the Bahariya Oasis. The E-W and SW-NE cross sections in the study area were constructed and revealed that the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer system can be classified into six zones depending on the lithologic facies variation and behaves as one hydrogeologic system. The transmissivity values range between 3660 m2/day in the southwestern part to 315 m2/day in the northeastern part of the Bahariya oasis. Unfortunately, the increased relianceon groundwater resources, without any scientific preplans, has caused some negative hydrogeologicalimplications such as rapid decline in groundwater potentiometric levels with time and possible salinization ofgroundwater. During the course of this model, different scenarios will be discussed in order to show the highefficient output, as indicated by all possible prediction periods and safe conditions for economic uses of ground water. The sustainable management of the groundwater of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer will hopefully influence The future policies and strategies of the groundwater exploitation in the Bahariya Oasis depend on the sustainable management of the groundwater of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer put the Bahariya Oasis on the track of the development plans in Egypt in the near future.`
The Bahariya Oasis is located in the central part of the Western Desert. The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer is the most important source of groundwater in the Western Desert, particularly in the Bahariya Oasis. The E-W and SW-NE cross sections in the study area were constructed and revealed that the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer system can be classified into six zones depending on the lithologic facies variation and behaves as one hydrogeologic system. The transmissivity values range between 3660 m2/day in the southwestern part to 315 m2/day in the northeastern part of the Bahariya oasis. Unfortunately, the increased relianceon groundwater resources, without any scientific preplans, has caused some negative hydrogeologicalimplications such as rapid decline in groundwater potentiometric levels with time and possible salinization ofgroundwater. During the course of this model, different scenarios will be discussed in order to show the highefficient output, as indicated by all possible prediction periods and safe conditions for economic uses of ground water. The sustainable management of the groundwater of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer will hopefully influence The future policies and strategies of the groundwater exploitation in the Bahariya Oasis depend on the sustainable management of the groundwater of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer put the Bahariya Oasis on the track of the development plans in Egypt in the near future.`
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2711_7ea2131e03a2b3fd274fef58330dde5b.pdf
Keywords: Nubian Sandstone. Groundwater resources management Bahariya Oasis
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-31
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
498
514
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.2712
2712
Original Article
Hydrogeochemistry and Quality Assessment for the Groundwater of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer of the Bahariya Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt
هيدروجيوکيميائية وحساب جودة المياه الجوفية لخزان الحجر الرملى النوبى فى الواحات البحرية، الصحراء الغربية، مصر
Himida, I.H.
1
Holial, H.M.
2
Shaaban, M.N.
3
El-Fiky, A.A.
4
Abd El-Latif, R.M.
5
Dept of Hydrology, Desert Research Center, Egypt
Dept of Geology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
Dept of Geology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
Dept of Environmental, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
Dept of Hydrology, Desert Research Center, Egypt
Groundwater is considered as one of the most important natural resources, on which a complete dependence for all human consumption, industrial and agricultural activities in El-Bahariya Oasis. Unfortunately, the increased reliance on groundwater resources without any scientific pre-plans has caused some negative hydrogeological impacts such as: rapid decline in groundwater potentiometric levels and groundwater salinization. The hydrogeochemical aspects of El-Bahariya Oasis are thoroughly evaluated in the present work based on chemical analysis of 59 groundwater samples, representing the main aquifer system (Nubian Sandstone Aquifer). Most of water wells drilled in the study area range from 600 to 1200 m in depth. The groundwaters from the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer in El-Bahariya Oasis have mixed types of mineralization, i.e., pure meteoric water that vertically infiltrated and settled in the aquifer materials during the past Pluvial times and those affected through groundwater flow by relics of marine water. It hasbeen found that the majority of the groundwater samples of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer of El-Bahariya Oasis is suitable for drinking, domestic uses, irrigation, livestock and poultry and some industrial purposes.
Groundwater is considered as one of the most important natural resources, on which a complete dependence for all human consumption, industrial and agricultural activities in El-Bahariya Oasis. Unfortunately, the increased reliance on groundwater resources without any scientific pre-plans has caused some negative hydrogeological impacts such as: rapid decline in groundwater potentiometric levels and groundwater salinization. The hydrogeochemical aspects of El-Bahariya Oasis are thoroughly evaluated in the present work based on chemical analysis of 59 groundwater samples, representing the main aquifer system (Nubian Sandstone Aquifer). Most of water wells drilled in the study area range from 600 to 1200 m in depth. The groundwaters from the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer in El-Bahariya Oasis have mixed types of mineralization, i.e., pure meteoric water that vertically infiltrated and settled in the aquifer materials during the past Pluvial times and those affected through groundwater flow by relics of marine water. It hasbeen found that the majority of the groundwater samples of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer of El-Bahariya Oasis is suitable for drinking, domestic uses, irrigation, livestock and poultry and some industrial purposes.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2712_0e0cdec7348ee0fe748f8096a14d56ab.pdf
Keywords: Nubian Sandstone Aquifer– Bahariya Oasis – Hydrogeochemistry
Quality assessment- Egypt
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-31
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
550
575
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.2714
2714
Original Article
Effect of Soil conditioners and Irrigation Levels on Growth and Productivity of Pomegranate Trees in the New Reclaimed Region
تأثيرمحسنات التربة و مستويات الرى على نمو وانتاجية أشجار الرمان فى مناطق
الاستصلاح الحديثة
Abd-Ella E.K.Eman.
1
El-SabahiaHort. Res. Stat.Alex.
This investigation was carried out during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons on ten years old Arabi pomegranatetrees, grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation in a private farm located at Alexandria-Matrouh road (about80Km from Alex.). The experiment was designed to study the effects of different rates from soil conditioners, Hundz soil, ( 0.0,0.5 and 10Kg /tree) or mixture from (Nile fertile + K2SO4) [Zero, (2Kg + 500gm) and (1Kg + 250gm)] under irrigation levels at 50, 75 and 100% of the recommended water level (5.5, 8.25 and 11m3 /tree /year ) as well as their interactions on growth, leaf component, flowering,fruiting, yield and fruit quality during both seasons. The results indicated that the highest irrigation level of 11m3 /tree /year enhanced vegetative growth, fruit set, yield as well as leaf NPK content and fruit quality (fruit weight, diameter, length, TSS, anthocyanine and V.C.) while fruit acidity and tannins content decreased. Moreover, application of either Hundz soil at rate of 10kg /tree or the mixture of (NF + K2SO4) at highest rate (2Kg + 500gm) gave significantly the highest mean values of the above mentioned characters during the two seasons. Comparing with trees irrigated with11m3/tree/year level, adding Hundz soil at 10Kg /tree under irrigation treatment 8.25m3/tree /year gave similar effect on improving all growth characters, fruit set, yield and fruit quality except fruit diameter and V.C. Similar results were found with high rate of the mixture (2Kg NF+500gm K2SO4) with the same level of irrigation on all characters except acidity.Date also indicated that the application of Hz soil combined with mixture of (NF+K2SO4) at both highestlevels for each of them and irrigated with moderate irrigation level 8.25m3 /tree /year gave best growth andproduced higher fruit quality as compared with trees irrigated with 100% from recommended water level.Similar effects of combinations between high rate of both Hundz soil and the mixture of Nilefertile + K2SO4 under least irrigation treatments 5.5 m3 /tree/year on the previous characters of fruit. Data indicated generally that the best treatment combination was gained from using highest irrigation level (11m3 /tree /year) and 10Kg /tree Hundz soil + 2Kg /tree Nile Fertile + 500gm K2SO4which resulted in the highest values for all vegetative growth characters, leaf N P K, chlorophyll and RWC, yield and all fruit quality except leaf proline, juice tannins and acidity in both seasons. It could be recommended to apply 2Kg /tree Hundz soil combined with 2Kg NF + 500 gm K2SO4 with irrigation level of 11m3 /tree /year to obtain highest production with good quality of pomegranate fruits as well as to apply 2Kg /tree Hundz soil with 2Kg NF + 500 K2SO4under irrigation 8.25m3 /tree /year or 5.5m3 /tree /year for saving about 25% – 50% of water to achieve the same yield and fruit quality according to the availability of water, especially in the new reclaimed area.
This investigation was carried out during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons on ten years old Arabi pomegranatetrees, grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation in a private farm located at Alexandria-Matrouh road (about80Km from Alex.). The experiment was designed to study the effects of different rates from soil conditioners, Hundz soil, ( 0.0,0.5 and 10Kg /tree) or mixture from (Nile fertile + K2SO4) [Zero, (2Kg + 500gm) and (1Kg + 250gm)] under irrigation levels at 50, 75 and 100% of the recommended water level (5.5, 8.25 and 11m3 /tree /year ) as well as their interactions on growth, leaf component, flowering,fruiting, yield and fruit quality during both seasons. The results indicated that the highest irrigation level of 11m3 /tree /year enhanced vegetative growth, fruit set, yield as well as leaf NPK content and fruit quality (fruit weight, diameter, length, TSS, anthocyanine and V.C.) while fruit acidity and tannins content decreased. Moreover, application of either Hundz soil at rate of 10kg /tree or the mixture of (NF + K2SO4) at highest rate (2Kg + 500gm) gave significantly the highest mean values of the above mentioned characters during the two seasons. Comparing with trees irrigated with11m3/tree/year level, adding Hundz soil at 10Kg /tree under irrigation treatment 8.25m3/tree /year gave similar effect on improving all growth characters, fruit set, yield and fruit quality except fruit diameter and V.C. Similar results were found with high rate of the mixture (2Kg NF+500gm K2SO4) with the same level of irrigation on all characters except acidity.Date also indicated that the application of Hz soil combined with mixture of (NF+K2SO4) at both highestlevels for each of them and irrigated with moderate irrigation level 8.25m3 /tree /year gave best growth andproduced higher fruit quality as compared with trees irrigated with 100% from recommended water level.Similar effects of combinations between high rate of both Hundz soil and the mixture of Nilefertile + K2SO4 under least irrigation treatments 5.5 m3 /tree/year on the previous characters of fruit. Data indicated generally that the best treatment combination was gained from using highest irrigation level (11m3 /tree /year) and 10Kg /tree Hundz soil + 2Kg /tree Nile Fertile + 500gm K2SO4which resulted in the highest values for all vegetative growth characters, leaf N P K, chlorophyll and RWC, yield and all fruit quality except leaf proline, juice tannins and acidity in both seasons. It could be recommended to apply 2Kg /tree Hundz soil combined with 2Kg NF + 500 gm K2SO4 with irrigation level of 11m3 /tree /year to obtain highest production with good quality of pomegranate fruits as well as to apply 2Kg /tree Hundz soil with 2Kg NF + 500 K2SO4under irrigation 8.25m3 /tree /year or 5.5m3 /tree /year for saving about 25% – 50% of water to achieve the same yield and fruit quality according to the availability of water, especially in the new reclaimed area.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2714_5cc5b357d0777b18f69eaf697b87e959.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-01
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
244
255
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.151759
151759
Original Article
Agricultural Extension Needs of Grape Growers in Jordan and It's Relation to Some Personal Characteristics
الحاجات الارشادية الزراعية لمزارعي العنب في الاردن وعلاقتها ببعض الخصائص الشخصية
Ahmed Al-Shadiadeh
1
Taleb Abu-zahrah
2
The aim of this study was to determine the agricultural extension needs of grape growers in Jordan and it's relation to some Personal characteristics. A sample of 900 growers was selected and interviewed individually. Using a questionnaire included two parts; the first was the personal and socioeconomic information of the growers and the second was a measure of knowledge levels on the grape cultivation areas.For analyzing data, frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviations, Pearson & Spearman correlation, chi-square, and t-test. The most important results were:
1-There was three categories for need levels; low (< 16) degree, medium between( 16-32) degree and high
(> 32) degree. It was found that 13.2%, 71.4%, and 15.4 % of the growers were fall in the low, medium, and high levels, respectively.
2-There was a significant relationship between the agricultural extensionneeds and each of age, number of family members, number of experience years, , and exposure to information sources.
3-There was no significant relationship between the agricultural extensionneeds and each of educational level, size&holding type ,and residence place.
4-The study recommends strengthening the role of agricultural extension in educating grape growers through the preparation of the plan dealing with the detailed results of this study.
The aim of this study was to determine the agricultural extension needs of grape growers in Jordan and it's relation to some Personal characteristics. A sample of 900 growers was selected and interviewed individually. Using a questionnaire included two parts; the first was the personal and socioeconomic information of the growers and the second was a measure of knowledge levels on the grape cultivation areas.For analyzing data, frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviations, Pearson & Spearman correlation, chi-square, and t-test. The most important results were:
1-There was three categories for need levels; low (< 16) degree, medium between( 16-32) degree and high
(> 32) degree. It was found that 13.2%, 71.4%, and 15.4 % of the growers were fall in the low, medium, and high levels, respectively.
2-There was a significant relationship between the agricultural extensionneeds and each of age, number of family members, number of experience years, , and exposure to information sources.
3-There was no significant relationship between the agricultural extensionneeds and each of educational level, size&holding type ,and residence place.
4-The study recommends strengthening the role of agricultural extension in educating grape growers through the preparation of the plan dealing with the detailed results of this study.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_151759_1a0302ad5bf89f4c0ab047314e9c08c3.pdf
Agricultural Extension
agricultural extension needs
grape growers
Jordan
الإرشاد الزراعي
الحاجات الارشادية الزراعية
مزارعو العنب
الاردن
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-01
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
256
271
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.151763
151763
Original Article
Cattle Breeders’ Knowledge Level of Some Diseases Affecting Calves Mortality During Suckling Period in Some Villages Of El-Bostan Area, El-Behira Governorate
مستوى معارف مربى الماشية ببعض الأمراض المؤثرة في نفوق العجول والعجلات أثناء فترة الرضاعة، ببعض قرى منطقة البستان- محافظة البحيرة
Abdullah Ramadan
1
This study aimed at investigating the knowledge level of cattle breeders regarding some diseases affecting calves mortality during suckling period in some villages of El-bostan area. The specific objectives were: 1-assessing the cattle breeders’ knowledge level regarding some diseases infect calves during suckling period (diseases symptoms and methods of protection), 2-studying the relationship between identified knowledge level and some socio –economic characteristics of the interviewed breeders, and 3- determining some problems that face cattle breeders during stages of pregnancy, parturition and weaning of cattle.
The research data was collected by using elaborately Questionnaire through interviewing 100 cattle breeders as a representative sample in the selected three villages in El-bostan area. Main statistical methods used for data analysis included; Tabular presentation, means, standard deviation, percentage distribution, simple correlation, and multiple regressions.
The major findings of this study indicated the following:
1- Assessment of cattle breeders level of knowledge regarding some diseases that infect calves during suckling period revealed that about 64% of respondents were rated either “medium” or “low”.
2- Findings pertaining to the relationship between cattle breeders’ level of knowledge regarding some diseases that infect calves during suckling period and selected socio- economic characteristics indicate that the studied independent variables namely; health and environmental awareness, application of some animal extension recommendations, animal farm size, and participation in agricultural extension activities had positive effect on knowledge level of cattle breeders. The multiple regression analysis also revealed that only one variable “health and environmental awareness” accounted for 32% of the variance in respondents’ level of knowledge as the central variable of the study.
3- Problems and obstacles which met the studied cattle breeders during stages of pregnancy, parturition and weaning of their cattle were mainly the high cost of both "Veterinary services”, and "feeding animals on concentrates" .
This study aimed at investigating the knowledge level of cattle breeders regarding some diseases affecting calves mortality during suckling period in some villages of El-bostan area. The specific objectives were: 1-assessing the cattle breeders’ knowledge level regarding some diseases infect calves during suckling period (diseases symptoms and methods of protection), 2-studying the relationship between identified knowledge level and some socio –economic characteristics of the interviewed breeders, and 3- determining some problems that face cattle breeders during stages of pregnancy, parturition and weaning of cattle.
The research data was collected by using elaborately Questionnaire through interviewing 100 cattle breeders as a representative sample in the selected three villages in El-bostan area. Main statistical methods used for data analysis included; Tabular presentation, means, standard deviation, percentage distribution, simple correlation, and multiple regressions.
The major findings of this study indicated the following:
1- Assessment of cattle breeders level of knowledge regarding some diseases that infect calves during suckling period revealed that about 64% of respondents were rated either “medium” or “low”.
2- Findings pertaining to the relationship between cattle breeders’ level of knowledge regarding some diseases that infect calves during suckling period and selected socio- economic characteristics indicate that the studied independent variables namely; health and environmental awareness, application of some animal extension recommendations, animal farm size, and participation in agricultural extension activities had positive effect on knowledge level of cattle breeders. The multiple regression analysis also revealed that only one variable “health and environmental awareness” accounted for 32% of the variance in respondents’ level of knowledge as the central variable of the study.
3- Problems and obstacles which met the studied cattle breeders during stages of pregnancy, parturition and weaning of their cattle were mainly the high cost of both "Veterinary services”, and "feeding animals on concentrates" .
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_151763_585e5f2d53bb3cad8b91ea445ab674cd.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-01
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
272
278
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.151765
151765
Original Article
Selection of Effective Rhizobium strains P. valgaris in Oculation- Applied in Shambate Research Station
إختيار سلالات الرايزوبيا الفعالة في تلقيح الفاصوليا بالتطبيق على تربة منطقة أبحاث شمبات
Mohieldin Abdalla Ahmed
1
The variety 012Rof p.vulgaris was inoculation with two important strains of rhizobium bacteria namely USDA-2674 & USDA-2669 and a local strain ENRRI-2in addition to starter dose of 20/kg/n/ha.the inoculation seeds were sown the Shambat Research farm with objective of selecting the most efficient strain.
the USDA-2674 strain gave increased yield in Shambat Research. the application of the nitrogen fertilizer with inoculation resulted in increasing the dry matter weight. High dose of 120/kg/n/ha proved to be of adverse effect on symbiosis in addition to the high cost.
The variety 012Rof p.vulgaris was inoculation with two important strains of rhizobium bacteria namely USDA-2674 & USDA-2669 and a local strain ENRRI-2in addition to starter dose of 20/kg/n/ha.the inoculation seeds were sown the Shambat Research farm with objective of selecting the most efficient strain.
the USDA-2674 strain gave increased yield in Shambat Research. the application of the nitrogen fertilizer with inoculation resulted in increasing the dry matter weight. High dose of 120/kg/n/ha proved to be of adverse effect on symbiosis in addition to the high cost.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_151765_5fbaf35a5b728d1d95de609bbbb8c7e9.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-01
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
279
297
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.151769
151769
Original Article
Medical Examination before Marriage and Its Relationship to Quality Family Preparation
الفحص الطبي قبل الزواج وعلاقته بتحقيق الجودة الأسرية
Muneerah Al-Duhayan
1
Mona Al-Khonaini
2
From the premise that the quality of family life represents the marital relationship of sound, which has a high degree of careful planning, which begins by ensuring the safety of the spouses before marriage, he stressed the science on the importance of the safety of the couple in terms of genetics, public health and religious values and ethical standards that help to identify patterns of behavior in the family and define the rights and duties. So This study aimed to identify the nature of the relationship between consciousness examination before marriage and quality of family with its various dimensions, and to identify the nature of the relationship between each of the some of the variables of socio-economic level of the family and awareness of screening before marriage centrality and quality of family with its various dimensions, and the differences between the study sample of males and females in awareness of the examination by the quality of marriage and family with its various dimensions, and aims to identify the differences between the study sample in each of the awareness of quality examination of marriage and family according to marital status and income, family size and occupation of the male and female heads of family and education of male and female heads of family.
Included tools of the study to form the initial data, and a questionnaire examination before marriage, which includes two topics: awareness and practice, and a questionnaire quality of family dimensions of the four
quality of family in social terms, quality family emotionally and quality of family in terms of cultural and quality of family in household affairs, was applied to the study sample consisting of (200 individuals) of males and females, and levels of different social and economic city of Riyadh, was selected object-in a way so that it is already married.
The most important results of the study and a correlation positive correlation between awareness of the examination before marriage and quality of family at the 0.05 level, and the existence of a relationship positive correlation between education of household head and the heads of families and categories of the monthly income of the family and all of the medical examination before marriage and quality of family, and the existence of differences statistical significance between the average score for males and females in pre-marital medical examination at the level of 0.01 for significance in favor of females, and the lack of statistically significant differences between the average scores of males and females in the quality of family.
The study recommends the organization of training courses for pre-marriage on the scan can be medical before marriage and its importance and objectives with emphasis on planning and preparation for such courses and that is the participation of experts in the fields of health and family, and the need to introduce the concepts of quality family in the curricula at all levels of education starting from primary school to be breeding and note at the same time.
From the premise that the quality of family life represents the marital relationship of sound, which has a high degree of careful planning, which begins by ensuring the safety of the spouses before marriage, he stressed the science on the importance of the safety of the couple in terms of genetics, public health and religious values and ethical standards that help to identify patterns of behavior in the family and define the rights and duties. So This study aimed to identify the nature of the relationship between consciousness examination before marriage and quality of family with its various dimensions, and to identify the nature of the relationship between each of the some of the variables of socio-economic level of the family and awareness of screening before marriage centrality and quality of family with its various dimensions, and the differences between the study sample of males and females in awareness of the examination by the quality of marriage and family with its various dimensions, and aims to identify the differences between the study sample in each of the awareness of quality examination of marriage and family according to marital status and income, family size and occupation of the male and female heads of family and education of male and female heads of family.
Included tools of the study to form the initial data, and a questionnaire examination before marriage, which includes two topics: awareness and practice, and a questionnaire quality of family dimensions of the four
quality of family in social terms, quality family emotionally and quality of family in terms of cultural and quality of family in household affairs, was applied to the study sample consisting of (200 individuals) of males and females, and levels of different social and economic city of Riyadh, was selected object-in a way so that it is already married.
The most important results of the study and a correlation positive correlation between awareness of the examination before marriage and quality of family at the 0.05 level, and the existence of a relationship positive correlation between education of household head and the heads of families and categories of the monthly income of the family and all of the medical examination before marriage and quality of family, and the existence of differences statistical significance between the average score for males and females in pre-marital medical examination at the level of 0.01 for significance in favor of females, and the lack of statistically significant differences between the average scores of males and females in the quality of family.
The study recommends the organization of training courses for pre-marriage on the scan can be medical before marriage and its importance and objectives with emphasis on planning and preparation for such courses and that is the participation of experts in the fields of health and family, and the need to introduce the concepts of quality family in the curricula at all levels of education starting from primary school to be breeding and note at the same time.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_151769_90353db2a424eee9e0523f813b6b4734.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2011-12-01
32
OCTOBER- DECEMBER
289
325
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2011.151770
151770
Original Article
Knowledge of Youth about The Dimensions of Men Participation in Reproductive Health Affairs(Comparative study)
معلومات الشباب عن أبعاد مشارکة الرجال في شئون الصحة الإنجابية
(دراسة مقارنة)
Ahmed Abou-Donia
1
Home Economic- faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University
This research aims mainly to study the knowledge of male students enrolled in the final year in some faculties of Alexandria University on men's participation in reproductive health (RH) issue, with comparison between practical faculties students (PFS) and theoretical faculties students (TFS) in their knowledge and their attitudes levels that consist the (RH) dimensions, which includes knowledge about :
1- Goals and services of (RH) programs.
2- Concepts, goals and methods of family planning .
3- Risk factors that affect men's reproductive health.
4- Sexually transmitted diseases.
5- Responsibilities and roles of men in reproductive health.
6- Attitudes against specific discrimination towards women.
Material and Method:
To achieve the research objectives an accidental sample of male students in the final year were selected, according to equal allocation method (150 from practical faculties and 150 from theoretical faculties).
Data were collected by personal interview using a questionnaire. Statistical methods were used to analyze the data which included Frequency distributions, percentages, mean , standard deviation, ,chi square(X2) , (Z) test and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha).
Results:
1- Regarding to knowledge of the respondents towards the objectives of (RH) programs and services, the results showed that (57.6%) answered that (RH) programs and services provided for both women and men through their different life stages, and (59.4%) answered that (RH) programs and services cover aspects of the (RH) as well as physical and psychological health aspects for both women and men. (47.6%) of the total sample responded reported that (RH) programs and services are provided at the beginning of adulthood, without statistically significant differences between students in both practical and theoretical faculties.
2- Concerning to the students' knowledge towards elements of family planning concept, goals and methods, the results showed that the vast majority of the students (92.3%) of the total sample (95.3% of PFS vs. 89.3% of TFS) emphasized that the appropriate age to give birth for women is between20 to less than 30 years, and (55.0%)of the total sample(58.0% of PFS vs 52.0% of TFS)
answered that the optimal number of children in the family is two children, and the most appropriate period of birth-spacing must be between 2-5 years according to the answers of (70.3%) of the total sample (74.7% of PFS vs. 66.0% of TFS), which showed significant differences between students distributions with respect to the previous three research variables at 0.05 and 0.01 levels. The majority of the students (78.7%) reported that "organization of the distance between births" is the primary goal of family planning, and the contraceptive pills has received first place in the list of family planning methods that known by (80%) of them.
3- Regarding to knowledge of the students about risk factors affecting (RH)of men , more than three-quarters of the students total number (76.0%) answered that incidence of sexually transmitted diseases came at the head of the risk factors threatening fertility of men . (88.7%) of the total sample reported that the main danger of smoking represents as pulmonary diseases. (70.7%) of the total sample reported that alcohol abuse and narcotics addiction lead to poor sexual ability in men by a distribution of (78.0% of PFS vs. 63.3% of TFS) that shows significant differences. (50.3%) of the total sample mentioned that heart disease came in the forefront of obesity health problems.
4- AIDS occupied the first place in the list of students' knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases types by (79.3%) of the total number and by a distribution of (95.3% of PFS vs. 63.3% of TFS), that shows high significant differences.
5 - About responsibilities and roles of men in (RH)" medical examinations before marriage" came on the top of these roles according to (92.0%) of the total students answers, and by a distribution of (87.3% of PFS vs. 96.7% of TFS) that shows significant differences.
6- Internet came in the forefront of the (RH) knowledge recourses that mentioned by (78.0%) followed by television for (64.6%).
7 - The students attitudes against specific discrimination towards women showed powerful and moderate rejection to the gender discrimination aspects against women by the vast majority of student respondents (95.3%) with high significant differences due to the various degrees of rejection.
This research aims mainly to study the knowledge of male students enrolled in the final year in some faculties of Alexandria University on men's participation in reproductive health (RH) issue, with comparison between practical faculties students (PFS) and theoretical faculties students (TFS) in their knowledge and their attitudes levels that consist the (RH) dimensions, which includes knowledge about :
1- Goals and services of (RH) programs.
2- Concepts, goals and methods of family planning .
3- Risk factors that affect men's reproductive health.
4- Sexually transmitted diseases.
5- Responsibilities and roles of men in reproductive health.
6- Attitudes against specific discrimination towards women.
Material and Method:
To achieve the research objectives an accidental sample of male students in the final year were selected, according to equal allocation method (150 from practical faculties and 150 from theoretical faculties).
Data were collected by personal interview using a questionnaire. Statistical methods were used to analyze the data which included Frequency distributions, percentages, mean , standard deviation, ,chi square(X2) , (Z) test and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha).
Results:
1- Regarding to knowledge of the respondents towards the objectives of (RH) programs and services, the results showed that (57.6%) answered that (RH) programs and services provided for both women and men through their different life stages, and (59.4%) answered that (RH) programs and services cover aspects of the (RH) as well as physical and psychological health aspects for both women and men. (47.6%) of the total sample responded reported that (RH) programs and services are provided at the beginning of adulthood, without statistically significant differences between students in both practical and theoretical faculties.
2- Concerning to the students' knowledge towards elements of family planning concept, goals and methods, the results showed that the vast majority of the students (92.3%) of the total sample (95.3% of PFS vs. 89.3% of TFS) emphasized that the appropriate age to give birth for women is between20 to less than 30 years, and (55.0%)of the total sample(58.0% of PFS vs 52.0% of TFS)
answered that the optimal number of children in the family is two children, and the most appropriate period of birth-spacing must be between 2-5 years according to the answers of (70.3%) of the total sample (74.7% of PFS vs. 66.0% of TFS), which showed significant differences between students distributions with respect to the previous three research variables at 0.05 and 0.01 levels. The majority of the students (78.7%) reported that "organization of the distance between births" is the primary goal of family planning, and the contraceptive pills has received first place in the list of family planning methods that known by (80%) of them.
3- Regarding to knowledge of the students about risk factors affecting (RH)of men , more than three-quarters of the students total number (76.0%) answered that incidence of sexually transmitted diseases came at the head of the risk factors threatening fertility of men . (88.7%) of the total sample reported that the main danger of smoking represents as pulmonary diseases. (70.7%) of the total sample reported that alcohol abuse and narcotics addiction lead to poor sexual ability in men by a distribution of (78.0% of PFS vs. 63.3% of TFS) that shows significant differences. (50.3%) of the total sample mentioned that heart disease came in the forefront of obesity health problems.
4- AIDS occupied the first place in the list of students' knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases types by (79.3%) of the total number and by a distribution of (95.3% of PFS vs. 63.3% of TFS), that shows high significant differences.
5 - About responsibilities and roles of men in (RH)" medical examinations before marriage" came on the top of these roles according to (92.0%) of the total students answers, and by a distribution of (87.3% of PFS vs. 96.7% of TFS) that shows significant differences.
6- Internet came in the forefront of the (RH) knowledge recourses that mentioned by (78.0%) followed by television for (64.6%).
7 - The students attitudes against specific discrimination towards women showed powerful and moderate rejection to the gender discrimination aspects against women by the vast majority of student respondents (95.3%) with high significant differences due to the various degrees of rejection.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_151770_dc7c1e6070ec065dbd0086901a58fb68.pdf