eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
159
167
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.2794
2794
Original Article
Chemical Composition and Resistance to Decay of Thermally Modified Wood from Casuarina glauca and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Grown in Egypt
الترکيب الکيميائي والمقاومة للأعفان الفطرية لأخشاب الکازوارينا البيضاء والکافور البلدي النامية في مصر والمعالجة حرارياً
Ahmed Mohareb
1
Mohamed Badawy
ahmed_mohareb@yahoo.com
2
Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria University; Alexandria, Egypt
maldulensis are main common fast growing hardwood species in plantations, which have a high potential for use in this country. In this study, thermal treatment process was used to improve the durability of these locally produced wood species as an effective mean in wood preservation. In this context, wood specimens were exposed to heat under inert atmosphere in laboratory conditions at temperature of 240°C with different durations to reach mass losses of 5, 10 and 15%. Fungal decay tests were conducted using the brown rot fungus Poria placenta and the white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor. The chemical composition of the wood and the elemental composition as well as the extractive toxicity before and after thermal modification of the wood were determined to understand the reasons for the improvement of the durability of the wood. Heat-modified wood specimens showed a significant increase in their durability against wood decomposition depending on the severity of the treatment. Wood holocellulose was found to be distinctly more sensitive to the heating process than lignin constituent did. In addition, the weight loss was increase by fungal decay and holocellulose was decreased however, the lignin ratio was increased. The results obtained in this work may provide valuable information as a way towards the use of heat treatment technology in wood preservation in Egypt.
maldulensis are main common fast growing hardwood species in plantations, which have a high potential for use in this country. In this study, thermal treatment process was used to improve the durability of these locally produced wood species as an effective mean in wood preservation. In this context, wood specimens were exposed to heat under inert atmosphere in laboratory conditions at temperature of 240°C with different durations to reach mass losses of 5, 10 and 15%. Fungal decay tests were conducted using the brown rot fungus Poria placenta and the white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor. The chemical composition of the wood and the elemental composition as well as the extractive toxicity before and after thermal modification of the wood were determined to understand the reasons for the improvement of the durability of the wood. Heat-modified wood specimens showed a significant increase in their durability against wood decomposition depending on the severity of the treatment. Wood holocellulose was found to be distinctly more sensitive to the heating process than lignin constituent did. In addition, the weight loss was increase by fungal decay and holocellulose was decreased however, the lignin ratio was increased. The results obtained in this work may provide valuable information as a way towards the use of heat treatment technology in wood preservation in Egypt.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_2794_8e92eea03527a282bbbc34b5e0b8fa7f.pdf
Casuarina glauca
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Chemical composition
Wood protection
decay
Heat treatment
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
168
174
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3287
3287
Original Article
Genetic Diversity of Fig (Ficus carica L.) Based on Morphological Characters and Two-Way Hierarchical Cluster Analysis
التنوع الوراثى فى التين اعتمادا على الصفات المورفوولوجية والتحليل العنقودى الهرمى
Zinab Mohamed
1
Nader Abdelsalam
2
Kamal Abdel Latif
3
Rehab Abdelhady
4
Agricultural Botany Department Faculty of Agriculture, Saba-Bacha, Alexandria University
Agricultural Botany Department Faculty of Agriculture, Saba-Bacha, Alexandria University
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Minoufiya, Egypt
plant production Department Faculty of Agriculture, Saba-Bacha, Alexandria University
world. In Egypt, the accessions are dispersed from Sinai at the east to El-Saloom at the west and from Alexandria at the north to Aswan at the south. Hence, there is no breeding programs were carried out to characterize or improve the Hence, there is no breeding programs were carried out to characterise or improve the Egyptian fig. Twenty-one local cultivated fig (Ficus carrica L.) accessions were collected from different localities from Egypt and Libya country (e.g. 18 accessions from Egypt: Giza, Cairo, Alexandria Marsa-Matrooh governorate and three accessions from Libya. Eight morphological characteristics including leaf traits were used to characterise the fig accessions. Eight morphological traits such as leaf length and width, leaf neck length, leaf lobes, leaf edge, leaf texture, leaf top and color were determinate by the two-way hierarchical cluster analysis of the 21 fig accessions using JMP® 7.0 software. In the first way of hierarchical clustering, the fig accessions were distributed into two main groups. The first group includes five clusters separate under two clusters, in the second way of the clusters, the eight leaf morphological traits were distributed into two clusters. Thus, it could be concluded that there are a wide range of variability within the cultivated fig accessions under current study. This diversification could enrich the genetic base of this genus and required more studies to achieve the maximum usefulness from this diversification. Morphological results will be useful in characterizing and to create the first reference and catalogue of the fig accessions.
world. In Egypt, the accessions are dispersed from Sinai at the east to El-Saloom at the west and from Alexandria at the north to Aswan at the south. Hence, there is no breeding programs were carried out to characterize or improve the Hence, there is no breeding programs were carried out to characterise or improve the Egyptian fig. Twenty-one local cultivated fig (Ficus carrica L.) accessions were collected from different localities from Egypt and Libya country (e.g. 18 accessions from Egypt: Giza, Cairo, Alexandria Marsa-Matrooh governorate and three accessions from Libya. Eight morphological characteristics including leaf traits were used to characterise the fig accessions. Eight morphological traits such as leaf length and width, leaf neck length, leaf lobes, leaf edge, leaf texture, leaf top and color were determinate by the two-way hierarchical cluster analysis of the 21 fig accessions using JMP® 7.0 software. In the first way of hierarchical clustering, the fig accessions were distributed into two main groups. The first group includes five clusters separate under two clusters, in the second way of the clusters, the eight leaf morphological traits were distributed into two clusters. Thus, it could be concluded that there are a wide range of variability within the cultivated fig accessions under current study. This diversification could enrich the genetic base of this genus and required more studies to achieve the maximum usefulness from this diversification. Morphological results will be useful in characterizing and to create the first reference and catalogue of the fig accessions.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3287_4d16ac48a39421189888fc90e902b2d3.pdf
Fig
Morphology
diversity
cluster analysis
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
175
184
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3217
3217
Original Article
Evaluation of Some Olive Genotypes Cultivated in Iraq using Molecular Markers
تقييم بعض التراکيب الوراثية من الزيتون المنزرع فى العراق باستخدام المعلمات الجزيئية
Mahmoud Aly
1
Nader Abelsalam
2
Thanaa Ezz
3
Saif Alashaushi
4
Department of Plant production, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba-Bacha, Alexandria University
Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Department of Plant production, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba-Bacha, Alexandria University.
Department of Plant production, Faculty of Agriculture,Saba-Bacha, Alexandria University.
The olive tree belonged to family Oleaceae is an ancient woody crop with more than 46,000 years of cultural history, and is mainly distributed around the Mediterranean area. Molecular markers have become increasingly important in plant molecular biology in its relationship to plant breeding, plant systematic and plant evolution. Eight olive cultivars grown in Iraq with 18 RAPD and 8 SSR markers have been developed during current study. The number of amplification fragments differed from cultivar to the other one with RAPD markers. The highest number was recorded to cultivar Manzenllo by 157 fragments followed by cultivars Qaysi and Labeeb by the same number 138 fragments. Also, cultivar Qaysi and Nepali showed the same amplification fragments (132 fragments) followed by cultivars Khdier and Sorani by 126 and 129 fragments, in respect. The lowest cultivar was Shami by 114 fragments. The data indicated that from 1068 amplification fragments there were 28 unique fragments were recorded to cultivars Labeeb (7 unique fragments), Shami and Manzenllo (5), Shami (3 unique fragments), Sorani and Nepali (2 unique fragments) and finally Dahkan (1 unique fragments). While for the eight microsatellites (SSR) a total of 136 specific amplification fragments were detected among the cultivars, 71 fragments were polymorphic and 65 were monomorphic. Form the previous data we can concluded that based on the RAPD and SSR markers it could be helpful for calculate the genetic diversity between the eight-olive growing in Iraq.
The olive tree belonged to family Oleaceae is an ancient woody crop with more than 46,000 years of cultural history, and is mainly distributed around the Mediterranean area. Molecular markers have become increasingly important in plant molecular biology in its relationship to plant breeding, plant systematic and plant evolution. Eight olive cultivars grown in Iraq with 18 RAPD and 8 SSR markers have been developed during current study. The number of amplification fragments differed from cultivar to the other one with RAPD markers. The highest number was recorded to cultivar Manzenllo by 157 fragments followed by cultivars Qaysi and Labeeb by the same number 138 fragments. Also, cultivar Qaysi and Nepali showed the same amplification fragments (132 fragments) followed by cultivars Khdier and Sorani by 126 and 129 fragments, in respect. The lowest cultivar was Shami by 114 fragments. The data indicated that from 1068 amplification fragments there were 28 unique fragments were recorded to cultivars Labeeb (7 unique fragments), Shami and Manzenllo (5), Shami (3 unique fragments), Sorani and Nepali (2 unique fragments) and finally Dahkan (1 unique fragments). While for the eight microsatellites (SSR) a total of 136 specific amplification fragments were detected among the cultivars, 71 fragments were polymorphic and 65 were monomorphic. Form the previous data we can concluded that based on the RAPD and SSR markers it could be helpful for calculate the genetic diversity between the eight-olive growing in Iraq.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3217_ef455236848aa59b36a1d0de03994237.pdf
olive
RAPD
SSR
Genetic diversity
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
185
192
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3271
3271
Original Article
Assessment of Genotoxic Effect Induced by Some Antidepressant Drugs Employing a Variety of Short-Term Genotoxic Bioassays
تقييم الأثر السام وراثيا المستحدث بواسطة بعض مضادات الاکتئاب بتوظيف مجموعة من اختبارات السمية الوراثية قصيرة المدى
Ereeny Elias
1
Mohamed Elseehy
2
Mohamed Abd El Fattah
3
Sara Aggag
4
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University
Department of Genetic Engineering, El-Sadat University
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University
This investigation was carried out to evaluate genotoxicity of two important antidepressants medications (namely, Sertraline (four Modabex doses) and Carbamazepine (four Tegretol doses) on albino mice, Mus musculus, via molecular and cytological studies. pharmacogenomic gene (Cytochrome P450 4B1 gene) was employed as marker for detecting critical dose for antidepressant drug and monitoring its affect with different doses extracted from exposures, amplified and sequenced. Cytological studies reflected Robertsonian Centric Fusion (RCF), Ring Chromosome (RC), chromosomal aberrations for tests tissue treated with fourth Sertraline dose. Furthermore, Stickiness (S), chromatide deletion (CD), Ring Chromosome (RC) aberrations for bone marrow tissue treated with second Carbamazepine dose. Nevertheless, chromosomal aberrations for tests tissue treated with fourth Sertraline dose. Highly affect of Sertraline dose for tests tissue on was detected for third dose as a result of lowest similarity percentage (60 %) which indicated affection of these doses. Interestingly the same antidepressant drug (Sertraline) with the same dose (third Modabex) which cause highly affect on Cytochrome P450 4B1gene in tests tissue, it recorded lowest affect in bone marrow sample. Based on Cytochrome P450 4B1gene sequence, influence of Sertraline on tests sample was dissentingly as 71, 72, 59, 55 and 69 % of genetic similarity percentage. Highly affect of Carbamazepine was detected under first dose. Second Carbamazepine dose has no influence as a result of Cytochrome P450 4B1gene sequence for untreated and treated with second dose for tests sample. For 68, 83 and 73% of genetic similarity percentage were recorded between Cytochrome P450 4B1gene sequences which isolated form bone marrow (with different doses) and Cytochrome P450 4B1reference gene sequence. Genetic evaluation of Sertraline and Carbamazepine cleared that, third Modabex dose and first Tegretol dose could be considered as critical doses.
This investigation was carried out to evaluate genotoxicity of two important antidepressants medications (namely, Sertraline (four Modabex doses) and Carbamazepine (four Tegretol doses) on albino mice, Mus musculus, via molecular and cytological studies. pharmacogenomic gene (Cytochrome P450 4B1 gene) was employed as marker for detecting critical dose for antidepressant drug and monitoring its affect with different doses extracted from exposures, amplified and sequenced. Cytological studies reflected Robertsonian Centric Fusion (RCF), Ring Chromosome (RC), chromosomal aberrations for tests tissue treated with fourth Sertraline dose. Furthermore, Stickiness (S), chromatide deletion (CD), Ring Chromosome (RC) aberrations for bone marrow tissue treated with second Carbamazepine dose. Nevertheless, chromosomal aberrations for tests tissue treated with fourth Sertraline dose. Highly affect of Sertraline dose for tests tissue on was detected for third dose as a result of lowest similarity percentage (60 %) which indicated affection of these doses. Interestingly the same antidepressant drug (Sertraline) with the same dose (third Modabex) which cause highly affect on Cytochrome P450 4B1gene in tests tissue, it recorded lowest affect in bone marrow sample. Based on Cytochrome P450 4B1gene sequence, influence of Sertraline on tests sample was dissentingly as 71, 72, 59, 55 and 69 % of genetic similarity percentage. Highly affect of Carbamazepine was detected under first dose. Second Carbamazepine dose has no influence as a result of Cytochrome P450 4B1gene sequence for untreated and treated with second dose for tests sample. For 68, 83 and 73% of genetic similarity percentage were recorded between Cytochrome P450 4B1gene sequences which isolated form bone marrow (with different doses) and Cytochrome P450 4B1reference gene sequence. Genetic evaluation of Sertraline and Carbamazepine cleared that, third Modabex dose and first Tegretol dose could be considered as critical doses.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3271_36f698d7d3d980fd7dc066ac0f25faff.pdf
Sertraline
carbamazepine
Cytochrome P450 4B1
Mus musculus
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
193
202
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3340
3340
Original Article
Increasing the Efficiency of Recurrent Selection for Yield in Maize
Mohamed M. El-Rouby
1
Mohamed H. El-Sheikh
2
Shaimaa M. Awad Allah
3
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University
The objectives of the present study were to increase the efficiency of recurrent selection within the "Composite-21" variety of maize using selection index to increase the precession of the evaluation of S1-families. Ninety S1 families were evaluated in six sets, each set included 15 S1 families replicated three times. Data were collected for yield, yield components characters and agronomic characters to carry out six selection methods. One method is based on ear yield alone and the other five methods were based on selection index. Estimation of environmental (σ2e), phenotypic (σ2ph) and genotypic (σ2g) variances and broad -scense heritability (H %) were calculated for each trait to predict the genetic gain from different selection methods. Phenotypic and genetic correlations among traits were calculated to examine the possibility of indirect selection for yield using some characters which are highly correlated with yield. Heritability estimates were intermediate (41-55%) for ear yield, 100-kernel weight and kernel depth and more than 70% for number of rows/ ear, plant and ear heights. The genetic correlations for yield with the other characters were in general intermediate. Based upon the expected advance from selection, the expected gain which is coming from the indices ranged between (5.58-19.13%) comparing with the expected gain which is coming from yield alone (16.43%). So, the use of indices was slightly superior to selection based on yield alone. The actual improvement in yield is 9% for selection based on yield alone, 8% for selection index based on yield and all characters, 3% for the index based on yield and ear characters and 1% for the index based on yield and vigor characters. The predicted advance from selection was higher than the actual advance.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3340_ebfb8bd6b5f81bb213001abd592f9ea7.pdf
Zea mays
Recurrent selection
selection index
S1 families
heritability
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
203
2011
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3293
3293
Original Article
Level of Usage of Extension Methods by Agricultural Extension Workers in Sulaimani Governorate
مستوى استخدام الطرائق الإرشادية من قبل العاملين في الإرشاد الزراعي في محافظة السليمانية
Sahab Ayid Al-Ajelli
sahabayid@yahoo.com
1
Dlger Mohammad
2
Agriculture College Tikrit .Uni .
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences/ University of Sulaimani
The aim of this study is to determine the level of usage of agricultural extension methods by agricultural extension workers in Sulaimani governorate and their correlation with each of the following personal and functional variables (age, gender, educational level, specialization, job title, duration of the employment service, duration of the agricultural extension service, previous training, exposure to sources of the agricultural information, attitude towards agricultural extension and job satisfaction).The target population consists of all agricultural extension workers who work in the agricultural extension directorate of Sulaimani totaling 137 workers while the answers obtained from the respondents were limited to 111 workers, representing 81% of the research population.Data were collected by questionnaire, thefirst part included data relating to some personal and functional variables, while the second part focused on determining the level of usage of agricultural extension methods. Data analyzed by using, Arithmetic mean, Weight percentage,Simple correlation coefficient of (Pearson), ordinal correlation coefficient of (Spearman) and Multiple step-wise Regression analysis by using the statistical program SPSS. The results showed that the level of usage of extension methods is medium and tends to low, the individual extension methods came in the first rank in the level of usage of extension methods. The results also showed a significant correlation between the level of usage of agricultural extension methods and each of the following variables: age, duration of the employment service, duration of the agricultural extension service, exposure to sources of the agricultural information, attitude towards agricultural extension and job satisfaction; while not significant correlation was found between the level of usage of extension methods and other variables .The researchers recommend the concerned authorities for the agricultural sector in Sulaimani governorate pay more attention to the agricultural sector and activate its supporting operations and opening intensive training courses are very necessary for the stuff who works in the agricultural extension sections & departments and activating role of media in developing agriculture in the region by opening television channels majoring in the agricultural programs.
The aim of this study is to determine the level of usage of agricultural extension methods by agricultural extension workers in Sulaimani governorate and their correlation with each of the following personal and functional variables (age, gender, educational level, specialization, job title, duration of the employment service, duration of the agricultural extension service, previous training, exposure to sources of the agricultural information, attitude towards agricultural extension and job satisfaction).The target population consists of all agricultural extension workers who work in the agricultural extension directorate of Sulaimani totaling 137 workers while the answers obtained from the respondents were limited to 111 workers, representing 81% of the research population.Data were collected by questionnaire, thefirst part included data relating to some personal and functional variables, while the second part focused on determining the level of usage of agricultural extension methods. Data analyzed by using, Arithmetic mean, Weight percentage,Simple correlation coefficient of (Pearson), ordinal correlation coefficient of (Spearman) and Multiple step-wise Regression analysis by using the statistical program SPSS. The results showed that the level of usage of extension methods is medium and tends to low, the individual extension methods came in the first rank in the level of usage of extension methods. The results also showed a significant correlation between the level of usage of agricultural extension methods and each of the following variables: age, duration of the employment service, duration of the agricultural extension service, exposure to sources of the agricultural information, attitude towards agricultural extension and job satisfaction; while not significant correlation was found between the level of usage of extension methods and other variables .The researchers recommend the concerned authorities for the agricultural sector in Sulaimani governorate pay more attention to the agricultural sector and activate its supporting operations and opening intensive training courses are very necessary for the stuff who works in the agricultural extension sections & departments and activating role of media in developing agriculture in the region by opening television channels majoring in the agricultural programs.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3293_e0735d24a55005e4c09e3493d5be096e.pdf
Agricultural Extension
Extension Methods
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
212
219
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3322
3322
Original Article
Biochemical and Biological Influences of Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Emamectin Benzoate and Certain IGR Insecticides against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
التأثيرات البيوکيميائية والبيولوجية للجرعات التحت مميتة لمبيدات الإيماميکتين بنزوات وبعض منظمات النمو الحشرية ضد دودة ورق القطن
Eman K. El-sayed
1
M. A. Z. Massoud M. A. Z. Massoud
2
Manal Manal A. Attia
manal.attia77@gmail.com
3
Plant Protection Research Institute ARC
Faculty of Agriculture. Alexandria University- Saba basha
Center Agricultural Pesticides laboratory (CAPL), Agriculture research Center (ARC)
Toxicity and sub-lethal effects of Emamectin benzoate and IGR ‘s (lufenuron - flufenoxuron) were evaluated against the 2nd instar larvae of cotton leafworm, Spodopter alittoralis. The biochemical influences of these agrochemicals with the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of the treated larvae were investigated (invivo). Emamectin benzoate (LC50 = 0.007 mg L-1) was approximately 34 and 83 times more toxic than lufenuron (LC50 = 0.24 mg L-1) and flufenoxuron (LC50 = 0.58 mg L-1), respectively. Lufenuron was approximately 2 times more toxic than flufenoxuron. The 2nd instar larvae treated with the sublethal concentrations (LC10 and LC25) of emamectin benzoate, lufenuron or flufenoxuron showed significant (P < 0.05) reduce of larval body weights, pupation%, pupal mean weight and adult emergence%. While the average time of the pupation for the larvae that given concentrations equivalent to the LC10 and LC25 of lufenuron and flufenoxuron, were significantly longer than the untreated larvae. On the other hand larval duration for the larvae that given concentrations equivalent to the LC10 and LC25 of emamectin benzoate did not differ significantly compared with the untreated larvae. The fecundity and fertility were strongly reduced in all insecticide treatments compared with check untreated. The PPO activity was partially decreased in the treated larvae (with all insecticide treatments) in a concentration dependent manner. These results suggest that, sublethal concentrations of emamectin benzoate, lufenuron and flufenoxuron may reduce the population growth of S. littoralis by affecting its development and reproduction.
Toxicity and sub-lethal effects of Emamectin benzoate and IGR ‘s (lufenuron - flufenoxuron) were evaluated against the 2nd instar larvae of cotton leafworm, Spodopter alittoralis. The biochemical influences of these agrochemicals with the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of the treated larvae were investigated (invivo). Emamectin benzoate (LC50 = 0.007 mg L-1) was approximately 34 and 83 times more toxic than lufenuron (LC50 = 0.24 mg L-1) and flufenoxuron (LC50 = 0.58 mg L-1), respectively. Lufenuron was approximately 2 times more toxic than flufenoxuron. The 2nd instar larvae treated with the sublethal concentrations (LC10 and LC25) of emamectin benzoate, lufenuron or flufenoxuron showed significant (P < 0.05) reduce of larval body weights, pupation%, pupal mean weight and adult emergence%. While the average time of the pupation for the larvae that given concentrations equivalent to the LC10 and LC25 of lufenuron and flufenoxuron, were significantly longer than the untreated larvae. On the other hand larval duration for the larvae that given concentrations equivalent to the LC10 and LC25 of emamectin benzoate did not differ significantly compared with the untreated larvae. The fecundity and fertility were strongly reduced in all insecticide treatments compared with check untreated. The PPO activity was partially decreased in the treated larvae (with all insecticide treatments) in a concentration dependent manner. These results suggest that, sublethal concentrations of emamectin benzoate, lufenuron and flufenoxuron may reduce the population growth of S. littoralis by affecting its development and reproduction.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3322_5d352fb142f732a66d9e4b2875cfc283.pdf
Spodoptera littoralis
IGRs
Emamectin benzoate
Sub-lethal effects and PPO
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
220
230
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3414
3414
Original Article
Accumulation Trends of Heavy Metals in Cupressus sempervirens and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Trees Grown in Treated Wastewater Irrigated Soil
اتجاه تراکم العناصر الثقيلة في أشجار السرو والکافور البلدى النامية في الأرض المروية بمياه الصرف المعالجة
Abd El-Hamid E. A. Sherif
1
Amro R. Rabie
2
Ahmed A. Abdelhafez
ahmed.aziz@aun.edu.eg
3
Soils, Water and Environ. Research Institute (SWERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza- Egypt
Forest Department, Horticulture Research Institute,Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza- Egypt
Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University (the New Valley Branch), New Valley- Egypt
This study was performed to investigate the accumulation trends of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Co and Ni) in Cupressus Sempervirens and Eucalyptus Camaldulensis trees grown in treated wastewater irrigated soils. To achieve this goal; water, soil and plant samples were collected from a desert forest plantation in Sadat City, Egypt. The obtained results showed that the levels of heavy metals didn’t exceed the maximum permissible limits for soil and water. The contents of heavy metals in the organs of trees species grown in treated wastewater irrigated soil were significantly higher than those of the groundwater irrigated one. The highest translocation factor was recorded for root-branches of Cupressus S. irrigated with treated wastewater with average value of 4.6. However, Pb showed the lowest translocation factor ranging from 0.02 in the leaves-roots of Cupressus S. to 0.8 in the leaves-roots of Eucalyptus C. irrigated with treated wastewater. It can be suggested that the studied tree species can be used for phytoremediation, and also continuous monitoring of heavy metals status in the soil irrigated with treated wastewater is necessary to ensure its safe use.
This study was performed to investigate the accumulation trends of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Co and Ni) in Cupressus Sempervirens and Eucalyptus Camaldulensis trees grown in treated wastewater irrigated soils. To achieve this goal; water, soil and plant samples were collected from a desert forest plantation in Sadat City, Egypt. The obtained results showed that the levels of heavy metals didn’t exceed the maximum permissible limits for soil and water. The contents of heavy metals in the organs of trees species grown in treated wastewater irrigated soil were significantly higher than those of the groundwater irrigated one. The highest translocation factor was recorded for root-branches of Cupressus S. irrigated with treated wastewater with average value of 4.6. However, Pb showed the lowest translocation factor ranging from 0.02 in the leaves-roots of Cupressus S. to 0.8 in the leaves-roots of Eucalyptus C. irrigated with treated wastewater. It can be suggested that the studied tree species can be used for phytoremediation, and also continuous monitoring of heavy metals status in the soil irrigated with treated wastewater is necessary to ensure its safe use.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3414_e29d815fde548334bf317d873fc6904d.pdf
Wastewater
Heavy metals
Soil
Accumulation
Cupressus S
Eucalyptus C
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
231
237
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3346
3346
Original Article
Population Dynamic of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on Cotton Plants and Its Susceptibility to Some Insecticides in Relation to the Exposure Method
ديناميکية تعداد بق القطن الدقيقي Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsleyعلى نباتات القطن والعلاقة بين حساسيته لبعض المبيدات وطريقة التعرض
El-Zahi Saber El-Zahi
zasaber951@yahoo.com
1
Abd-Elsalam Ismail Farag
2
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was first recorded during 2014 as an invasive cotton pest in Egypt. Thus, field experiments were conducted during the seasons 2015 and 2016 to study the population dynamic of P. solenopsis on cotton in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Egypt. Also, chlorpyrifos, methomyl, deltamethrin, lufenuron, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid were tested for their toxicity to the third instar nymphs of P. solenopsis under laboratory conditions using leaf-dip and insect-spray methods. In both seasons, the infestation of P. solenopsis started during the early June when the cotton plants aged about two months. The highest population densities of 142.9+15.6 and 191.5+18.1 insects per twig were recorded on September 6th 2015 and September 11th 2016, respectively. The infestation was positively correlated with the maximum (r = 0.77) and minimum (r = 0.71) temperature and the relative humidity (r = 0.49). Based on the multiple regression analysis and the coefficient of determination values (R2), the maximum and minimum temperature and the relative humidity were responsible for the changes in the insect population by 54.2 -- 63.7%. Thiamethoxam was the most effective insecticide (LC50 = 23.6 mg AI L-1) against the third instar nymphs of P. solenopsis using the leaf-dip method, while lufenuron was the least toxic one with LC50 value of 556.1 mg AI L-1. When the insect-spray method was adopted, the toxicity of deltamethrin and lufenuron increased, whereas the toxicity of the others decreased comparing to that obtained in the leaf-dip method.
The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was first recorded during 2014 as an invasive cotton pest in Egypt. Thus, field experiments were conducted during the seasons 2015 and 2016 to study the population dynamic of P. solenopsis on cotton in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Egypt. Also, chlorpyrifos, methomyl, deltamethrin, lufenuron, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid were tested for their toxicity to the third instar nymphs of P. solenopsis under laboratory conditions using leaf-dip and insect-spray methods. In both seasons, the infestation of P. solenopsis started during the early June when the cotton plants aged about two months. The highest population densities of 142.9+15.6 and 191.5+18.1 insects per twig were recorded on September 6th 2015 and September 11th 2016, respectively. The infestation was positively correlated with the maximum (r = 0.77) and minimum (r = 0.71) temperature and the relative humidity (r = 0.49). Based on the multiple regression analysis and the coefficient of determination values (R2), the maximum and minimum temperature and the relative humidity were responsible for the changes in the insect population by 54.2 -- 63.7%. Thiamethoxam was the most effective insecticide (LC50 = 23.6 mg AI L-1) against the third instar nymphs of P. solenopsis using the leaf-dip method, while lufenuron was the least toxic one with LC50 value of 556.1 mg AI L-1. When the insect-spray method was adopted, the toxicity of deltamethrin and lufenuron increased, whereas the toxicity of the others decreased comparing to that obtained in the leaf-dip method.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3346_e9fa92b4dd22abe1058a7a3ec9d27460.pdf
Phenacoccus solenopsis
Cotton
population dynamic
weather factors
Insecticides
exposure method
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
238
249
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3323
3323
Original Article
Flowering Synchronization in Some Sugarcane Genotypes at Various Planting Dates under Natural Environment
تزامن التزهير في بعض التراکيب الوراثية من قصب السکر وذلک في مواسم زراعة مختلفة تحت الظروف الطبيعية
Mohamed A. Ghonema
1
Genetic and Breeding Department, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
Flowering is essential in any breeding programme, particularly in genetic introgression programmes in which flowering synchronism is required. Due to changing weather conditions, the flowering vary in different planting dates with different conditions. In this work, sixteen sugarcane genotypes from different countries were tested for flowering under natural environment of Sabahia Research Station, Alexandria, Egypt in different planting seasons viz: Autumn 30 October 2013/14/15 (plant cane) & 30 June 2015/16 (first ratoon) and Spring 30 March 2014/15 (plant cane) & 30 April 2015/16 (first ratoon) at El-Sabahia Research Station (31⁰ 12՝ N), Alexandria, Egypt. It was observed that latitude, mean minimum and maximum temperature and length of day during flowering inductive phase (September and October) were within acceptable limits to favour the flowering in sugarcane. However, flowering occurred in most of the cane genotypes under natural environment in autumn and spring seasons in both plant cane and first ratoon, but the time and percentage of flowered genotypes differed between them. Data revealed that there were some genotypes that have the same full flowering date within each planting season, moreover some genotypes which had different dates of full flowering in the same planting season had the same date with each other in another different seasons in plant cane crop. That means two or more genotypes can be synchronized in two different planting seasons. Those genotypes which synchronized with each other can be easily crossed. In general, the early stages of flowering in sugarcane germplasm under study commenced from November, but full flowering began during the month of December. In the present study, some genotypes differed in the flowering dates in each planting season. It's possible to make crossing between certain genotypes efficiently by manipulating the dates of planting.
Flowering is essential in any breeding programme, particularly in genetic introgression programmes in which flowering synchronism is required. Due to changing weather conditions, the flowering vary in different planting dates with different conditions. In this work, sixteen sugarcane genotypes from different countries were tested for flowering under natural environment of Sabahia Research Station, Alexandria, Egypt in different planting seasons viz: Autumn 30 October 2013/14/15 (plant cane) & 30 June 2015/16 (first ratoon) and Spring 30 March 2014/15 (plant cane) & 30 April 2015/16 (first ratoon) at El-Sabahia Research Station (31⁰ 12՝ N), Alexandria, Egypt. It was observed that latitude, mean minimum and maximum temperature and length of day during flowering inductive phase (September and October) were within acceptable limits to favour the flowering in sugarcane. However, flowering occurred in most of the cane genotypes under natural environment in autumn and spring seasons in both plant cane and first ratoon, but the time and percentage of flowered genotypes differed between them. Data revealed that there were some genotypes that have the same full flowering date within each planting season, moreover some genotypes which had different dates of full flowering in the same planting season had the same date with each other in another different seasons in plant cane crop. That means two or more genotypes can be synchronized in two different planting seasons. Those genotypes which synchronized with each other can be easily crossed. In general, the early stages of flowering in sugarcane germplasm under study commenced from November, but full flowering began during the month of December. In the present study, some genotypes differed in the flowering dates in each planting season. It's possible to make crossing between certain genotypes efficiently by manipulating the dates of planting.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3323_7c83ff8570bb564aaace591078338c47.pdf
Sugarcane
flowering
synchronization
genotypes
planting dates
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
250
258
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3353
3353
Original Article
Influence of Some Novel Insecticides on Physiological and Biological Aspects of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval)
تأثير بعض المبيدات الحديثة على الصفات الفسيولوجية والبيولوجية لدودة ورق القطن
Madeha E.H. El-Dewy
madeha.dewy@yahoo.com
1
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
Chloranitraniliprole, pyridalyl, indoxacarb, emamectin-benzoate and spinetoram are promising insecticides in the Lepidopteran insects control. The effect of the sublethal concentrations (LC25) of these compounds on some physiological and biological aspects of the 4th larval instar of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) laboratory strain using feeding technique was investigated. Based on the LC50 values, emamectin-benzoat was the most effective insecticide followed by indoxacarb while spinetoram was the least toxic one. Chloranitraniliprole and pyridalyl exhibited a moderate toxic effect. The tested insecticides at LC25 significantly decreased the consumption index, relative growth rate and efficiency of converting ingested and digested food into body tissue, while did not significantly affect the approximate digestibility. All the tested insecticides significantly prolonged the larval duration and decreased the pupal duration of S.littorallis without significant differences among them. As latent effects on survived larvae, these insecticides significantly decreased the percentages of normal pupae, adult emergence, fecundity and fertility of the pest as compared with control. Spinetoram was the least effective on the biological aspects. Pyridalyl, chloranitraniliprole, emamectin-benzoate and indoxacarb could be used as important tools in integrated management programs of S. littoralis.
Chloranitraniliprole, pyridalyl, indoxacarb, emamectin-benzoate and spinetoram are promising insecticides in the Lepidopteran insects control. The effect of the sublethal concentrations (LC25) of these compounds on some physiological and biological aspects of the 4th larval instar of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) laboratory strain using feeding technique was investigated. Based on the LC50 values, emamectin-benzoat was the most effective insecticide followed by indoxacarb while spinetoram was the least toxic one. Chloranitraniliprole and pyridalyl exhibited a moderate toxic effect. The tested insecticides at LC25 significantly decreased the consumption index, relative growth rate and efficiency of converting ingested and digested food into body tissue, while did not significantly affect the approximate digestibility. All the tested insecticides significantly prolonged the larval duration and decreased the pupal duration of S.littorallis without significant differences among them. As latent effects on survived larvae, these insecticides significantly decreased the percentages of normal pupae, adult emergence, fecundity and fertility of the pest as compared with control. Spinetoram was the least effective on the biological aspects. Pyridalyl, chloranitraniliprole, emamectin-benzoate and indoxacarb could be used as important tools in integrated management programs of S. littoralis.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3353_1d6a264add9b5b78841aff507673680d.pdf
Novel insecticides
physiological aspects
biological aspects
Spodoptera littoralis
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
259
270
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3471
3471
Original Article
Evaluation of Some Egyptian Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cultivars under Salinity Stress
تقييم بعض أصناف قمح الخبز المصرية Triticum aestivum تحت إجهاد الملوحة
Maha A. Gadallah
1
Sanaa I. Milad
2
Mabrook, Y. M. Mabrook, Y. M.
3
Amira Y. Abo Yossef
4
Gouda M. A.
5
Assistant Researcher, Wheat Research Dept., Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.
Professor of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding and Dean of Crop Science Dept., Fuc. of Agri. (El-Shatby), Alex. University, Egypt.
Professor of Genetics and Dean of Genetics Dept., Fuc. of Agri. (El-Shatby), Alex. University, Egypt.
Emeritus Professor of Genetics, Genetics of Dept., Fuc. Of Agri. (El-Shatby), Alex. University, Egypt.
Emeritus Professor of Crop Science, Wheat Research Dept., Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.
The aim of this study was to determine salinity stress tolerance of sixteen Egyptian local wheat cultivars, using three salinity levels. These cultivars were grown in pots under greenhouse conditions, and subjected to three salinity levels (tap water or control, 4000 ppm and 8000 ppm). Factorial experiment in CRD design with three replicates was applied. Some agronomical (plant height, number of days to heading, number of spikes/pot, number of grains/spike, thousand grain weight and grain yield) and physiological traits (Na+, K+ concentrations and K+/Na+ ratio) were determined. The results revealed that there were significant variations with all agronomical and physiological traits, as influenced by salinity levels, cultivars and the interaction between them, except number of grains/spike which was not affected by the interaction. The results also showed that the wheat cultivars responded differently either within the same, or among, the salinity levels for all studied traits except number of grains/spike but in general, all studied agronomical traits were decreased with the increasing of salinity levels. The cultivars Sahel 1 and Sakha 93 recorded the highest value of GY in high salinity level (8000 ppm) (35.20 and 35.06 g/pot, respectively) with the lowest percent of reduction (35.28% and 34.54% respectively). Na+ concentration increased, while K+ content decreased with increasing salinity levels. K+/Na+ ratio was decreased under highl salinity levels. Sids 1 had the lowest Na+ raise percent (70.23%) and the highest K+/Na+ ratio (0.46) with 8000 ppm, followed by Sakha 93 (90.64 %) and (0.44). Results of SSI revealed that there were variations among the 16 investigated wheat cultivars in their response to salinity stress. Cultivars Sakha 93 and Sahel 1 recorded the lowest value of SSI (0.69 and 0.71 respectively). Correlation between GY and K+, K+/Na+ recorded significantly positive relation (r =0.61 and 0.51 respectively). In contrast correlation between GYand SSI recorded significantly negative relation (r = -0.92). In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that wheat genotypes Sakha 93 and Sahel 1 can be selected to grow under salinity levels of irrigation water. The genotypes Sids 1, Shandweel 1, Misr 2 and Misr 1 were moderate tolerant to salinity stress. in contrast, the cultivars Gemmiza 9 and Gemmiza 11 were the most sensitive cultivars. K+/Na+ ratio and SSI are good parameters and they can be used as useful selection criteria for screening the salt tolerance in terms of grain yield among genotypes.
The aim of this study was to determine salinity stress tolerance of sixteen Egyptian local wheat cultivars, using three salinity levels. These cultivars were grown in pots under greenhouse conditions, and subjected to three salinity levels (tap water or control, 4000 ppm and 8000 ppm). Factorial experiment in CRD design with three replicates was applied. Some agronomical (plant height, number of days to heading, number of spikes/pot, number of grains/spike, thousand grain weight and grain yield) and physiological traits (Na+, K+ concentrations and K+/Na+ ratio) were determined. The results revealed that there were significant variations with all agronomical and physiological traits, as influenced by salinity levels, cultivars and the interaction between them, except number of grains/spike which was not affected by the interaction. The results also showed that the wheat cultivars responded differently either within the same, or among, the salinity levels for all studied traits except number of grains/spike but in general, all studied agronomical traits were decreased with the increasing of salinity levels. The cultivars Sahel 1 and Sakha 93 recorded the highest value of GY in high salinity level (8000 ppm) (35.20 and 35.06 g/pot, respectively) with the lowest percent of reduction (35.28% and 34.54% respectively). Na+ concentration increased, while K+ content decreased with increasing salinity levels. K+/Na+ ratio was decreased under highl salinity levels. Sids 1 had the lowest Na+ raise percent (70.23%) and the highest K+/Na+ ratio (0.46) with 8000 ppm, followed by Sakha 93 (90.64 %) and (0.44). Results of SSI revealed that there were variations among the 16 investigated wheat cultivars in their response to salinity stress. Cultivars Sakha 93 and Sahel 1 recorded the lowest value of SSI (0.69 and 0.71 respectively). Correlation between GY and K+, K+/Na+ recorded significantly positive relation (r =0.61 and 0.51 respectively). In contrast correlation between GYand SSI recorded significantly negative relation (r = -0.92). In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that wheat genotypes Sakha 93 and Sahel 1 can be selected to grow under salinity levels of irrigation water. The genotypes Sids 1, Shandweel 1, Misr 2 and Misr 1 were moderate tolerant to salinity stress. in contrast, the cultivars Gemmiza 9 and Gemmiza 11 were the most sensitive cultivars. K+/Na+ ratio and SSI are good parameters and they can be used as useful selection criteria for screening the salt tolerance in terms of grain yield among genotypes.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3471_85f811136f00e50bcdd2498c0659c47a.pdf
Wheat
salinity
Grain yield
K+/Na+ ratio
SSI
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
271
283
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3475
3475
Original Article
Sorption and Desorption of Atrazine on Natural Bentonite and Organically Modified Bentonite
إدمصاص وانطلاق مبيد الأترازين على معدن البنتونيت الطبيعى والبنتونيت المعدل عضوياً
Mohamed A Osman
m.ali.osman@alexu.edu.eg
1
Fawzy M. Kishk
2
Abdalla A. Moussa
3
Hesham M. Gaber
4
Water Resources and Desert Land Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
Soil and Water Sciences Dept., Faculty of Agric., Alexandria University, Egypt.
Water Resources and Desert Land Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
Soil and Water Sciences Dept., Faculty of Agric., Alexandria University, Egypt.
In order to increase the effectiveness of bentonite clay in the retention of atrazine, natural bentonite clay was modified using humic acid and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) as the intercalation agent and a cationic surfactant at 100 % of the cation exchange capacity. Such organic modification changes the nature of clay from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, which insures surfactant loading. The performance of the natural and modified bentonite was evaluated in terms of elemental analysis, BET surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The batch equilibrium technique was applied to conduct atrazine adsorption/desorption isotherms with the natural and the modified bentonite. The data fitted well to the simple linear and Freundlich adsorption isotherms while desorption data agreed with Freundlich adsorption only. Desorption kinetic was successfully fitted with the first order reaction model. Natural bentonite was a poor adsorbent of atrazine with distribution coefficient of Kd = 3.07 ± 0.04 L kg-1. The complexion with humic acid did not improve atrazine adsorption on bentonite, Kd = 2.15 ± 0.14 L kg-1, whereas, the HDTMA-bentonite exhibited high affinity to sorb atrazine with Kd value of 197.97 + 0.77 L kg-1. Natural bentonite and humic-bentonite clearly exhibited nonsingularity of sorption/desorption isotherms. The desorption curve of HDTMA-bentonite revealed that the sorption of atrazine is reversible with no hysteresis. These results indicate the potentiality of HDTMA-bentonite for environmental applications.
In order to increase the effectiveness of bentonite clay in the retention of atrazine, natural bentonite clay was modified using humic acid and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) as the intercalation agent and a cationic surfactant at 100 % of the cation exchange capacity. Such organic modification changes the nature of clay from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, which insures surfactant loading. The performance of the natural and modified bentonite was evaluated in terms of elemental analysis, BET surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The batch equilibrium technique was applied to conduct atrazine adsorption/desorption isotherms with the natural and the modified bentonite. The data fitted well to the simple linear and Freundlich adsorption isotherms while desorption data agreed with Freundlich adsorption only. Desorption kinetic was successfully fitted with the first order reaction model. Natural bentonite was a poor adsorbent of atrazine with distribution coefficient of Kd = 3.07 ± 0.04 L kg-1. The complexion with humic acid did not improve atrazine adsorption on bentonite, Kd = 2.15 ± 0.14 L kg-1, whereas, the HDTMA-bentonite exhibited high affinity to sorb atrazine with Kd value of 197.97 + 0.77 L kg-1. Natural bentonite and humic-bentonite clearly exhibited nonsingularity of sorption/desorption isotherms. The desorption curve of HDTMA-bentonite revealed that the sorption of atrazine is reversible with no hysteresis. These results indicate the potentiality of HDTMA-bentonite for environmental applications.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3475_0ad5350043b4272fd1c6f7ad2f3bde6a.pdf
Bentonite
Organoclays
HDTMA-Br
Humic acid
atrazine
Adsorption
desorption
Freundlich Isotherm
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
284
293
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3473
3473
Original Article
Changes in Yield and Chloroplast Mg2+-ATPase Activity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Response to Soil Salinity and Nutrient Supply
التغيرات في المحصول ونشاط انذيم Mg2+-ATPase في نبات القمح وتأثره بملوحة التربة والإمداد بالعناصر
Mahmoud Kamh
mahmoud.kamh@alexu.edu.eg
1
Attiat El-Hamrawy
2
Soil & Water Science Dept. Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt.
Soil & Water Science Dept. Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt.
Under stress conditions such as salinity and drought, plant tolerance depends on upregulating ATPase activity. A greenhouse and a field experiments were conducted to investigate the regulation of chloroplast Mg+2-ATPase activity in wheat in response to soil salinity and nutrient supply. In the greenhouse, plants were imposed irrigation with three water salinities; 0.4, 4.0, and 8.0 dSm-1 with different sub-treatments of nutrient applications. Wheat yield was negatively correlated with soil salinity, presenting threshold at 6 dSm-1 followed by yield reduction with slope 7.4 % per unit dSm-1. Salt stress decreased Mg+2-ATP activity from 0.32 to 0.28 µmole Pi min-1 mg-1chl. Application of mixed fertilizers M.F. (compost, Gypsum, P, and K) for the non stressed plants resulted in increasing both Mg2+-ATPase from 0.32 to 0.40 and the relative grain yield to 120%, suggesting anabolic metabolism. At soil salinity above the threshold level, application of nutrients sharply increased Mg2+-ATPase activity up to 1.06 µmole Pi min-1 mg-1chl accompanying yield reduction; suggesting catabolic metabolism. In the field experiment, the soil salinity was 12.3 dSm-1 at planting and only drainage water (EC 3.9 dSm-1) was available for irrigation. The soil EC steeply reduced to 5.0 dSm-1 before the productive growth stages. Mg+2-ATPase activity was up-regulated at flowering and was low late in the season at the grain filling stage. Foliar spray with K+ and a biostimulant enhanced ATPase activity as well as grain yield compared to the control. Under the field condition Mg2+-ATPase activity was correlated with the grain yield, which reached 8.7 Mg ha-1. The variation in wheat response in the greenhouse to that in the field may be attributed to the greenhouse conditions that impaired photosynthesis activity and induced catabolic ATP hydrolysis.
Under stress conditions such as salinity and drought, plant tolerance depends on upregulating ATPase activity. A greenhouse and a field experiments were conducted to investigate the regulation of chloroplast Mg+2-ATPase activity in wheat in response to soil salinity and nutrient supply. In the greenhouse, plants were imposed irrigation with three water salinities; 0.4, 4.0, and 8.0 dSm-1 with different sub-treatments of nutrient applications. Wheat yield was negatively correlated with soil salinity, presenting threshold at 6 dSm-1 followed by yield reduction with slope 7.4 % per unit dSm-1. Salt stress decreased Mg+2-ATP activity from 0.32 to 0.28 µmole Pi min-1 mg-1chl. Application of mixed fertilizers M.F. (compost, Gypsum, P, and K) for the non stressed plants resulted in increasing both Mg2+-ATPase from 0.32 to 0.40 and the relative grain yield to 120%, suggesting anabolic metabolism. At soil salinity above the threshold level, application of nutrients sharply increased Mg2+-ATPase activity up to 1.06 µmole Pi min-1 mg-1chl accompanying yield reduction; suggesting catabolic metabolism. In the field experiment, the soil salinity was 12.3 dSm-1 at planting and only drainage water (EC 3.9 dSm-1) was available for irrigation. The soil EC steeply reduced to 5.0 dSm-1 before the productive growth stages. Mg+2-ATPase activity was up-regulated at flowering and was low late in the season at the grain filling stage. Foliar spray with K+ and a biostimulant enhanced ATPase activity as well as grain yield compared to the control. Under the field condition Mg2+-ATPase activity was correlated with the grain yield, which reached 8.7 Mg ha-1. The variation in wheat response in the greenhouse to that in the field may be attributed to the greenhouse conditions that impaired photosynthesis activity and induced catabolic ATP hydrolysis.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3473_52e9a69ed2432a5cbe586de67e327cc2.pdf
Wheat
Mg2+-ATPase
Soil salinity
Grain yield
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
294
300
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3467
3467
Original Article
Evaluation of Introduced Grass Pea Entries and Effect of Increased Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization on Productivity under Irrigated Conditions in Egypt
تقييم بعض السلالات المستورده من الجلبان وتأثير معدلات التسميد النيتروجينى على إنتاجية عدد منها تحت الظروف المرويه فى مصر
Ahmed M. El-Sayed
1
Ali I. Nawar
2
Mahmoud M. Zeid
mahmoud.zeid@alexu.edu.eg
3
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture,Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a legume that has recently gained attention in many countries for its good protein content and its tolerance to harsh conditions. The idea of using stored grass pea winter produced seeds and hay to compensate for the low protein feed from grasses in the summer season in Egypt has been suggested decades ago. However, production of the crop under local conditions needs to be evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate performance of introduced grass pea entries under local conditions and to investigate the effect of increased levels of nitrogen fertilization on growth and productivity of a selected set of entries. Ten entries were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replicates to evaluate their production under irrigated conditions in two successive growing seasons in Alexandria, Egypt. The highest recorded seed yield and biological yield values were 0.65 and 2.69 t/ha, respectively. A second field trial was also set using the same statistical design to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilization (96, 144 and 192 kg N/ha) on growth and productivity of five check entries. Results indicated an average increase in biological yield from 5.2 to 6.3 t/ha and in seed yield from 0.77 to 0.98 t/ha with increasing nitrogen fertilization from 96 to 192 kg N/ha. It could be concluded that grass pea responded positively to the increase in nitrogen fertilization levels, however, the studied entries were not best suited to our local conditions. Productivity of the screened entries was modest compared with that of other countries with much lower inputs. Thus, screening a larger number of entries under varying environments is necessary if higher production levels under less favorable conditions are to be achieved.
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a legume that has recently gained attention in many countries for its good protein content and its tolerance to harsh conditions. The idea of using stored grass pea winter produced seeds and hay to compensate for the low protein feed from grasses in the summer season in Egypt has been suggested decades ago. However, production of the crop under local conditions needs to be evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate performance of introduced grass pea entries under local conditions and to investigate the effect of increased levels of nitrogen fertilization on growth and productivity of a selected set of entries. Ten entries were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replicates to evaluate their production under irrigated conditions in two successive growing seasons in Alexandria, Egypt. The highest recorded seed yield and biological yield values were 0.65 and 2.69 t/ha, respectively. A second field trial was also set using the same statistical design to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilization (96, 144 and 192 kg N/ha) on growth and productivity of five check entries. Results indicated an average increase in biological yield from 5.2 to 6.3 t/ha and in seed yield from 0.77 to 0.98 t/ha with increasing nitrogen fertilization from 96 to 192 kg N/ha. It could be concluded that grass pea responded positively to the increase in nitrogen fertilization levels, however, the studied entries were not best suited to our local conditions. Productivity of the screened entries was modest compared with that of other countries with much lower inputs. Thus, screening a larger number of entries under varying environments is necessary if higher production levels under less favorable conditions are to be achieved.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3467_f2b598f4f01620cfe4635503321ffd25.pdf
(Lathyrus sativus L.)
soil cover
seed yield
biological yield
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
301
313
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3472
3472
Original Article
Estimation of Carbon Stock for some Tree Species and Soil in Serabioum Plantation
تقدير المخزون الکربونى لبعض أنواع الأشجار والتربة فى مزرعة سيرابيوم
Nashwa H. Mohamed
1
Hany El Kateb
2
Agricultural Research Center, Horticulture Research Institute, Forestry and wood Technology Department, Antoniades Gardens, Alexandria, Egypt.
Institute of Silviculture, Technische Universität München
Field experiment was carried out at Serapium plantation that irrigated with treated sewage water, to study the productivity and carbon stock of three of the most wide planted tree species in Egypt, Corymbia citriodora, Khaya senegalensis and Casuarina equisetifolia aged 5,11 and 7 years old, within a close range of total height and dbh in 2013. Results showed that one feddan of Khaya senegalensis or Casuarina equisetifolia gave the same amount of total stored carbon (tree biomass, litter layer and soil organic carbon) 34.7 and 34.4 Ton C/feddan. While, one feddan of Corymbia citriodora gave 15.8 ton C. the highest annual increment of growing volume, biomass and stored carbon were recorded in Casuarina equisetifolia followed byCorymbia citriodora While, Khaya senegalensis had the lowest value. Main stem volume can be used to predict stored carbon in tree biomass with a high correlation coefficient (R2). Also, both of root/shoot ratio (R) and biomass expansion factor (BEF) were calculated to estimate standing trees biomass.
Field experiment was carried out at Serapium plantation that irrigated with treated sewage water, to study the productivity and carbon stock of three of the most wide planted tree species in Egypt, Corymbia citriodora, Khaya senegalensis and Casuarina equisetifolia aged 5,11 and 7 years old, within a close range of total height and dbh in 2013. Results showed that one feddan of Khaya senegalensis or Casuarina equisetifolia gave the same amount of total stored carbon (tree biomass, litter layer and soil organic carbon) 34.7 and 34.4 Ton C/feddan. While, one feddan of Corymbia citriodora gave 15.8 ton C. the highest annual increment of growing volume, biomass and stored carbon were recorded in Casuarina equisetifolia followed byCorymbia citriodora While, Khaya senegalensis had the lowest value. Main stem volume can be used to predict stored carbon in tree biomass with a high correlation coefficient (R2). Also, both of root/shoot ratio (R) and biomass expansion factor (BEF) were calculated to estimate standing trees biomass.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3472_a0715e347a06a4a1aed5c306340c8026.pdf
Carbon stock
BEF
Root/ Shoot ratio
Biomass
Corymbia citriodora
Khayasenegalensis and Casuarinaequisetifolia
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
314
325
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3481
3481
Original Article
Response of Wheat Plants to Seed Pre-Soaking in Hydrogen Peroxide Solution under Salt Stress Conditions
أستجابة نباتات القمح لنقع الحبوب في محلول فوق اکسيد الهيدروجين تحت ظروف الاجهاد الملحي
Mona G. Attia
1
Amal H. Mahmoud
2
Amira A. El-Araby
3
Soil Salinity and Alkalinity Research Department; Soils, Water & Environment Research Institute; Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Alexandria, Egypt.
Soil Salinity and Alkalinity Research Department; Soils, Water & Environment Research Institute; Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Alexandria, Egypt.
Soil Salinity and Alkalinity Research Department; Soils, Water & Environment Research Institute; Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Alexandria, Egypt.
Under arid and semi-arid condition of limited water resources, salinity is an important environmental constraint, affecting many crop productivity. The objective of this study is being suggested to examine the contribution of H2O2-presoaked seeds and salinity levels of irrigation water on growth and yield performance of wheat grown in different textured soils. To meet these objectives, the 3-way factorial experiment, comprising of 3 pre-soaking intervals (0, 24 and 36h), 3 different levels of saline irrigation water (500, 5000 and 8500 mg NaCl/L) was carried out in two different textured soils (sandy and clay soils), whereas wheat seeds were planted in cemented-bituminized plots (0.75 X 1.5 m) until the maturity stage. At tillering, random leaf samples were removed and analyzed for Na and K contents. At the harvest time, plant growth indices, including height and number of spikes/plot and yield components (straw and grain yields) were recorded. The results have shown that plant growth characteristics and yield potentials were significantly suppressed with increasing the salinity stress of irrigation water, but the rate of decline varied considerably among all trails. The more depressive effects of the salinity exposure were clearly manifested on straw yield, being 74.6 and 85.6% at 5000 and 8500 mg NaCl/L, respectively. The pretreatment of seeds with H2O2 induced acclimation on the plants to salinity. It lessened the deleterious effect of salt stress on the growth of wheat especially when seeds were soaked in H2O2 for 36 h. This treatment caused relative increases in number of spikes /plot, grain yield, straw yield, defined by 44.5, 43.7, and 72.6%, respectively. Progressive results were achieved on all the studied plant criteria, giving better performance of the sand textured soil than the clay type. Superior wheat growth, maximum yield and highest K content were realized on wheat cultivated in sandy soil irrigated with saline water. Pretreatment of seeds with H2O2 for 24h induced acclimation of the plants to salinity. Moreover, seed priming with H2O2 for 36 h improved grain yield potentials and leaf K content in plants grown in sandy soil.
Under arid and semi-arid condition of limited water resources, salinity is an important environmental constraint, affecting many crop productivity. The objective of this study is being suggested to examine the contribution of H2O2-presoaked seeds and salinity levels of irrigation water on growth and yield performance of wheat grown in different textured soils. To meet these objectives, the 3-way factorial experiment, comprising of 3 pre-soaking intervals (0, 24 and 36h), 3 different levels of saline irrigation water (500, 5000 and 8500 mg NaCl/L) was carried out in two different textured soils (sandy and clay soils), whereas wheat seeds were planted in cemented-bituminized plots (0.75 X 1.5 m) until the maturity stage. At tillering, random leaf samples were removed and analyzed for Na and K contents. At the harvest time, plant growth indices, including height and number of spikes/plot and yield components (straw and grain yields) were recorded. The results have shown that plant growth characteristics and yield potentials were significantly suppressed with increasing the salinity stress of irrigation water, but the rate of decline varied considerably among all trails. The more depressive effects of the salinity exposure were clearly manifested on straw yield, being 74.6 and 85.6% at 5000 and 8500 mg NaCl/L, respectively. The pretreatment of seeds with H2O2 induced acclimation on the plants to salinity. It lessened the deleterious effect of salt stress on the growth of wheat especially when seeds were soaked in H2O2 for 36 h. This treatment caused relative increases in number of spikes /plot, grain yield, straw yield, defined by 44.5, 43.7, and 72.6%, respectively. Progressive results were achieved on all the studied plant criteria, giving better performance of the sand textured soil than the clay type. Superior wheat growth, maximum yield and highest K content were realized on wheat cultivated in sandy soil irrigated with saline water. Pretreatment of seeds with H2O2 for 24h induced acclimation of the plants to salinity. Moreover, seed priming with H2O2 for 36 h improved grain yield potentials and leaf K content in plants grown in sandy soil.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3481_207618b3ac60bb3fe35b35eeebe73b50.pdf
presoaking seeds
Hydrogen Peroxide
Wheat
salt stress
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
326
334
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3508
3508
Original Article
Response of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Plant to Nitrogen Fertilization and Irrigation by Saline Water
استجابة نبات الکينوا للنيتروجين والرى بالمياه الملحية
Amal H. Mahmoud
1
Sobhi Sallam
2
Department of Soil Salinity and Alkalinity Research, Institute of Soil, Water and Environment Research, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt.
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
The response of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) grown under salinity stress of irrigation water to nitrogen fertilization for improving yield production and quality was investigated. In plots experiment, application of 0 (N0), 14.28 (N1) and 28.56 (N2) g N m-2 as ammonium sulfate to quinoa (cultivar Regalona) sown in clay –textured soil and irrigated by water of 0.65, 10 and 20 dS m-1 was studied. The results showed that application of nitrogen improved both biomass and seed yield.Nitrogen fertilization at rates of 14.28 and 28.56 g m-2 increased the yield of biomass by about 33.5 and 60% more than the control under fresh and 10 dS m-1 saline water irrigation. Under irrigation with 20 dS m-1, N application by corresponded rates increased the biomass by 57 and 100%, respectively. Similar results were obtained with seed yield. Results of N content in seed and hay indicated that, under non-saline conditions, N content increased by 7.9 and 39.7% in hay and 15.9 and 36.8% in seeds over the control when the plant fertilized by 14.28 and 28.56 g N m-2, respectively. Seed-N decreased by about 17.0, 5.2 and 8.0% in the plants irrigated with water of 10 dS m-1 and treated by N0, N1 and N2, respectively, whereas irrigation with 20 dS m-1 water decreased seed-N by 26.4, 10.4 and 17.7% in plants fertilized by N0, N1 and N2 respectively. Under non-saline conditions, nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) decreased from 55.1 to 47.5 and 40.3 kg seed kg-1 N in plants treated byN0, N1and N2. Similar trends were observed in the plants irrigated by higher levels of water salinity. The results indicated that quinoa hay yield responded to N application more than seed yield response. In N0-treated plants, NUtE increased from 55.1 to 66.2 and 74.7 kg seed/kg N in plants irrigated by water of 0.65, 10 and 20 dS m-1, respectively. N fertilization with N1 and N2 did not influence Na and improved K content in the hay of plants irrigated by saline water (10 and 20 dS m-1). The use of quinoa hay as ruminant feed was supported by the results of both organic material content and high levels of crude protein as comparing to clover hay. However, the low percent of ether extract and higher percents of ADF and NDF lowered its quality. Therefore, it could be strong feed supplement for ruminants.
The response of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) grown under salinity stress of irrigation water to nitrogen fertilization for improving yield production and quality was investigated. In plots experiment, application of 0 (N0), 14.28 (N1) and 28.56 (N2) g N m-2 as ammonium sulfate to quinoa (cultivar Regalona) sown in clay –textured soil and irrigated by water of 0.65, 10 and 20 dS m-1 was studied. The results showed that application of nitrogen improved both biomass and seed yield.Nitrogen fertilization at rates of 14.28 and 28.56 g m-2 increased the yield of biomass by about 33.5 and 60% more than the control under fresh and 10 dS m-1 saline water irrigation. Under irrigation with 20 dS m-1, N application by corresponded rates increased the biomass by 57 and 100%, respectively. Similar results were obtained with seed yield. Results of N content in seed and hay indicated that, under non-saline conditions, N content increased by 7.9 and 39.7% in hay and 15.9 and 36.8% in seeds over the control when the plant fertilized by 14.28 and 28.56 g N m-2, respectively. Seed-N decreased by about 17.0, 5.2 and 8.0% in the plants irrigated with water of 10 dS m-1 and treated by N0, N1 and N2, respectively, whereas irrigation with 20 dS m-1 water decreased seed-N by 26.4, 10.4 and 17.7% in plants fertilized by N0, N1 and N2 respectively. Under non-saline conditions, nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) decreased from 55.1 to 47.5 and 40.3 kg seed kg-1 N in plants treated byN0, N1and N2. Similar trends were observed in the plants irrigated by higher levels of water salinity. The results indicated that quinoa hay yield responded to N application more than seed yield response. In N0-treated plants, NUtE increased from 55.1 to 66.2 and 74.7 kg seed/kg N in plants irrigated by water of 0.65, 10 and 20 dS m-1, respectively. N fertilization with N1 and N2 did not influence Na and improved K content in the hay of plants irrigated by saline water (10 and 20 dS m-1). The use of quinoa hay as ruminant feed was supported by the results of both organic material content and high levels of crude protein as comparing to clover hay. However, the low percent of ether extract and higher percents of ADF and NDF lowered its quality. Therefore, it could be strong feed supplement for ruminants.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3508_a8e3e19ba962b444ecc366ebc199f099.pdf
Quinoa
saline water
Forage
ruminants
nitrogen utilization efficiency
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
335
342
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3509
3509
Original Article
Characterization of Pantoea Sp. Strain MK1D, and Erwinia Sp. Strain MK2Y as Tricalcium Phosphate Dissolving Bacteria Isolated from Calcareous Soil
توصيف سلالتي Pantoea Sp. Strain MK1D و Erwinia Sp. Strain MK2Y المعزولة من التربة الجيرية کبکتيريا مذيبة لفوسفات ثلاثي الکالسيوم
Mahrous M. Kandil
mahrous.kandil@alexu.edu.eg
1
Department of Soil and Water Science, Faculty of Agric.,Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt.
This study aimed to isolate and characterize bacterial strains capable of solubilizing tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as the most commonly and insoluble phosphate in soils. Normal and molecular approaches were used to isolate and characterize phosphate dissolving bacteria (PDB) adapted to arid and semi-arid climate conditions. In this study, two strains were successfully isolated and taxonomically classified as Pantoea sp. strain MK1D, and Erwinia sp. strain MK2Y based on sequences of their 16S rRNA gene and were given GenBank accession numbers KU358676 and KU358677, respectively. This was confirmed by the formation of large halo zones on both Pikovskaya (PVK) and National Botanical Research Institute's Phosphate (NBRIP) culture media. The significant bacterial growth on liquid media was associated with the reduction of pH from 7.0 to 2.0 which lead to 83% solubilization of added TCP of 0.75 g/L. This study confirmed that both PVK and NBRIP media were reliable and comparable for the isolation of PDB and measuring their efficiency. Further studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of these strains under pot and field conditions and their potential for commercial biofertilizers production.
This study aimed to isolate and characterize bacterial strains capable of solubilizing tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as the most commonly and insoluble phosphate in soils. Normal and molecular approaches were used to isolate and characterize phosphate dissolving bacteria (PDB) adapted to arid and semi-arid climate conditions. In this study, two strains were successfully isolated and taxonomically classified as Pantoea sp. strain MK1D, and Erwinia sp. strain MK2Y based on sequences of their 16S rRNA gene and were given GenBank accession numbers KU358676 and KU358677, respectively. This was confirmed by the formation of large halo zones on both Pikovskaya (PVK) and National Botanical Research Institute's Phosphate (NBRIP) culture media. The significant bacterial growth on liquid media was associated with the reduction of pH from 7.0 to 2.0 which lead to 83% solubilization of added TCP of 0.75 g/L. This study confirmed that both PVK and NBRIP media were reliable and comparable for the isolation of PDB and measuring their efficiency. Further studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of these strains under pot and field conditions and their potential for commercial biofertilizers production.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3509_6e61ad3a59019b91976460f68b01e0ab.pdf
tricalcium phosphate
Pantoea sp
Erwinia sp
solubilization
PVK culture
NBRIP culture
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
343
355
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3582
3582
Original Article
The Use of Senecio cineraria Plants Sprayed with Citric Acid for Cadmium Pollution Phytoremediation
استخدام نباتات الشيرانيا المرشوشة بحامض الستريک على العلاج النباتى للتلوث بالکادميوم
Nader A. El-Shanhorey
1
Sohier G. El-Sayed
2
Botanical Gardens Research Department, Horticultural Research Institute, ARC, Alexandria, Egypt.
Ornamental Plants Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, ARC, Alexandria, Egypt.
This study was carried out at Antoniades Research Branch, Horticulture Research Institute, A.R.C., Alexandria, Egypt during 2015 and 2016 seasons. The study aim was to investigate the ability of using Senecio cineraria plants sprayed with citric acid as cadmium phytoremediation. The effect of four levels of cadmium (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg.L-1) in irrigation water and different concentrations of citric acid foliar application (0, 250 and 500 mg.L-1) and their combinations on the vegetative growth and chemical composition of Senecio cineraria plants was studied. The results showed that for vegetative growth parameters there was no significant difference in the interaction between cadmium concentrations and foliar spray by citric acid. While a significant reduction was observed in all parameters after irrigation with cadmium contaminated water and a significant increase in vegetative growth parameters was observed after 500 mg.L-1 citric acid application. For chlorophyll and carbohydrate content the highest significant value was obtained from plants irrigated with tap water and sprayed without citric acid while the highest significant amount of cadmium content in leaves and roots was obtained from the treatment 300 mg.L-1 cadmium with no application of citric acid. Also, 300 mg.L-1 cadmium combined with 500 mg.L-1 citric acid caused higher cadmium content in soil after plantation.
This study was carried out at Antoniades Research Branch, Horticulture Research Institute, A.R.C., Alexandria, Egypt during 2015 and 2016 seasons. The study aim was to investigate the ability of using Senecio cineraria plants sprayed with citric acid as cadmium phytoremediation. The effect of four levels of cadmium (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg.L-1) in irrigation water and different concentrations of citric acid foliar application (0, 250 and 500 mg.L-1) and their combinations on the vegetative growth and chemical composition of Senecio cineraria plants was studied. The results showed that for vegetative growth parameters there was no significant difference in the interaction between cadmium concentrations and foliar spray by citric acid. While a significant reduction was observed in all parameters after irrigation with cadmium contaminated water and a significant increase in vegetative growth parameters was observed after 500 mg.L-1 citric acid application. For chlorophyll and carbohydrate content the highest significant value was obtained from plants irrigated with tap water and sprayed without citric acid while the highest significant amount of cadmium content in leaves and roots was obtained from the treatment 300 mg.L-1 cadmium with no application of citric acid. Also, 300 mg.L-1 cadmium combined with 500 mg.L-1 citric acid caused higher cadmium content in soil after plantation.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3582_fc70463c9ae62d0231cf167530acb150.pdf
Senecio cineraria – Cadmium – Citric acid
Phytoremediation
الشيرانيا
کادميوم
حمض الستريک
العلاج النباتى للتلوث
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
356
376
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.3581
3581
Original Article
Effect of Intra-Row Spacing and Cropping System with Sugar Beet on Growth,Yield and Quality of Two Garlic Cultivars
تاثير صنفين الثوم ومسافتين للزراعة ونظم التحميل مع بنجر السکر على النمو والمحصول والإنتاج الجودة على کلا المحصولين
Naglaa H. Hussien
1
Moshira A. EL-Shamy
2
Potato & Vegetatively Propagation Vegetables Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cen., Giza, Egypt.
Crop intensification Res. Dep., Field Crops Res. Institute, ARC, Egypt
A field experiment was carried out at Sakha Horticulture Research Station, Kafr El- Sheikh Governorate Egypt, during winter seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 to study the effect of two garlic cultivars, two intra-row spacing and three intercropping systems addition sole were used on growth, yield and quality of garlic and sugar beet, as well as to evaluate land equivalent ratio (LER) and economic return under different combinations. Variety Geloria sugar beet (a mono-germ variety) was used as the main crop. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design. Main plots contained garlic cultivars (Balady cv. and Sids-40 cv.), sub plots were devoted to intra-row spacing (10 cm and 15 cm) and subsub plots were assigned to intercropping system (one garlic row, two garlic rows and three garlic rows), pure stand of sugar beet and also pure stand of garlic. Results indicated that Balady cv. was surpasses Sids-40 of germination %, plant height, bulb diameter and clove number. Moreover, Sids-40 cv. gave the highest values for all the other studied characteristics (leaves number, fresh and cured bulb weight, clove weight and total yield per fed.) in two seasons. The 15 cm intra-row spacing superior over the 10 cm intra-row spacing in most characteristics. Also, one garlic row resulted the highest improvement of all characteristics except total yield per feddan of garlic and sugar beet. However, the pure stand of garlic and sugar beet had the highest values of total yield fed-1 and its components in comparison to intercropping system. The highest LER were obtained from Balady cv. at 10 cm intrarow spacing with three garlic rows, followed by the same cultivar at 15 cm intra- row spacing with two rows (1.55 and 1.51), respectively, as mean of both seasons. The highest net income was obtained from Sids-40 cv. (20052 L.E.) followed by Balady cv.(19355L.E) at 15cm intra row spacing with two rows as mean of both two seasons.
A field experiment was carried out at Sakha Horticulture Research Station, Kafr El- Sheikh Governorate Egypt, during winter seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 to study the effect of two garlic cultivars, two intra-row spacing and three intercropping systems addition sole were used on growth, yield and quality of garlic and sugar beet, as well as to evaluate land equivalent ratio (LER) and economic return under different combinations. Variety Geloria sugar beet (a mono-germ variety) was used as the main crop. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design. Main plots contained garlic cultivars (Balady cv. and Sids-40 cv.), sub plots were devoted to intra-row spacing (10 cm and 15 cm) and subsub plots were assigned to intercropping system (one garlic row, two garlic rows and three garlic rows), pure stand of sugar beet and also pure stand of garlic. Results indicated that Balady cv. was surpasses Sids-40 of germination %, plant height, bulb diameter and clove number. Moreover, Sids-40 cv. gave the highest values for all the other studied characteristics (leaves number, fresh and cured bulb weight, clove weight and total yield per fed.) in two seasons. The 15 cm intra-row spacing superior over the 10 cm intra-row spacing in most characteristics. Also, one garlic row resulted the highest improvement of all characteristics except total yield per feddan of garlic and sugar beet. However, the pure stand of garlic and sugar beet had the highest values of total yield fed-1 and its components in comparison to intercropping system. The highest LER were obtained from Balady cv. at 10 cm intrarow spacing with three garlic rows, followed by the same cultivar at 15 cm intra- row spacing with two rows (1.55 and 1.51), respectively, as mean of both seasons. The highest net income was obtained from Sids-40 cv. (20052 L.E.) followed by Balady cv.(19355L.E) at 15cm intra row spacing with two rows as mean of both two seasons.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3581_47394c1a35bc7835e6d4146fd35ebb31.pdf
Garlic
Allium sativum L
Cultivar
IntraRow Spacing
Intercropping
Sugar beet
productivity
Quality
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-30
38
April-June
105
126
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.127355
127355
Original Article
Architectural Accumulation and Its Relation to the Behavior of the Inhabitants Housing Units Downtown Alexandria
التکدس المعمارى وعلاقته بسلوکيات قاطنى الوحدات السکنية بحى وسط مدينة الإسکندرية
Somya Ahmed Hassan Soliman
1
Ahmed Shaaban Mohamed Attieh
2
Najwa Adel Hassan
3
Ahlam Mousa AhmedEltaba
4
This research was designed to study the identification of urban accumulation and its relation to the human behavior of the residents living in the residential units in the center of the city of Alexandria. The research tool included a questionnaire form collected through the personal interview, which consisted of (200) housing units and occupants were obtained In a random sample.
This research has been followed by descriptive analytical method.
The results showed that there is a small difference between the sample members in terms of the internal environment of the dwelling, where the percentage difference was 8.66%, while the percentage of contrast with respect to the environment of the housing 10.68%, while the psychological and health problems related to the surrounding environment, Individuals sample 11.72%.
On the other hand, the results showed that there is a direct correlation between the internal environment of the dwelling and the external environment .
It was also found that there is a direct correlation between the human behavior and the representative in the (different types of affiliation) and between the social characteristics of the respondents and the economic characteristics, where the correlation coefficient values were respectively 0.01, 0.05 and this result indicates that the social and economic conditions It is one of the most influential factors in the human behavior related to belonging, especially the residential affiliation.
This research was designed to study the identification of urban accumulation and its relation to the human behavior of the residents living in the residential units in the center of the city of Alexandria. The research tool included a questionnaire form collected through the personal interview, which consisted of (200) housing units and occupants were obtained In a random sample.
This research has been followed by descriptive analytical method.
The results showed that there is a small difference between the sample members in terms of the internal environment of the dwelling, where the percentage difference was 8.66%, while the percentage of contrast with respect to the environment of the housing 10.68%, while the psychological and health problems related to the surrounding environment, Individuals sample 11.72%.
On the other hand, the results showed that there is a direct correlation between the internal environment of the dwelling and the external environment .
It was also found that there is a direct correlation between the human behavior and the representative in the (different types of affiliation) and between the social characteristics of the respondents and the economic characteristics, where the correlation coefficient values were respectively 0.01, 0.05 and this result indicates that the social and economic conditions It is one of the most influential factors in the human behavior related to belonging, especially the residential affiliation.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_127355_8fe8060fc3cc951fc61f4d09aebb39cf.pdf
التکدس
البيئة الداخلية
البيئة الخارجية
الانتماء
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-30
38
April-June
127
142
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.127356
127356
Original Article
Cooperation between Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University and Selected Business and Agricultural Development Projects in the Area of Continuing Education
التعاون بين کلية الزراعة جامعة الإسکندرية وبعض الشرکات والمشاريع التنموية الزراعية بمحافظتي الإسکندرية والبحيرة في مجال التعليم المستمر
Shadia H. Fathy
1
Abdallah A.Ramadan A.Ramadan
2
Dalia I. keshk
3
As the role of universities in the continuing education of the workforce and new graduates has grown, the present study aimed at examining the cooperative relationship between Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University and employers in selected fields of interest. These were Horticulture, Food Industries, and Animal Production. The specific objectives included:
1- Examining and evaluating examples of the training programs offered by professors, as experts and trainers throughout (2012-2016) to professionals and new graduates in selected business and agricultural development projects, in Alexandria and El beheira Governorates, 2- Exploring the reactions of the professors, as trainers, toward the studied cooperative relationship, including their perceptions of the benefits and challenges of such a relationship.
Drawing upon the data base of the Faculty of Agriculture concerning the offered training programs in relation to the research objectives, a purposive sample comprised of (18) professors, as trainers, were selected. Using indepth interviews, data were collected from (12) professors as primary source of information for this study (from December, 2016 to April, 2017). Qualitative and content analysis were mainly used for the purpose of data analysis.
The major findings of the study could be summarized as follows:
1- Evaluation of the studied training programs revealed that:
a- All of the training programs (9 programs) were satisfying the criteria of continuing professional education (CPE) interms of “presenting new concepts or technology, and “the interaction between the trainer and trainees in the learning situations”.
b. The criterion pertaining to “developing the value of self-directed learning” was evidenced in 7 programs.
2- Reactions of the professors, as trainers toward the studied cooperative relationship revealed that:
a. The major perceived benefits included: sharing in the development and renewal of the faculty research labs, as well as crystallizing researchable points, and developing research proposals for funding.
b. The main perceived challenges included: lack of identifying trainees levels of knowledge prior to planning the training programs, and lack of interaction and keeping in touch between trainees and trainers, upon the termination of the programs.
Recommendations to enhance future cooperative relationships were noted.
As the role of universities in the continuing education of the workforce and new graduates has grown, the present study aimed at examining the cooperative relationship between Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University and employers in selected fields of interest. These were Horticulture, Food Industries, and Animal Production. The specific objectives included:
1- Examining and evaluating examples of the training programs offered by professors, as experts and trainers throughout (2012-2016) to professionals and new graduates in selected business and agricultural development projects, in Alexandria and El beheira Governorates, 2- Exploring the reactions of the professors, as trainers, toward the studied cooperative relationship, including their perceptions of the benefits and challenges of such a relationship.
Drawing upon the data base of the Faculty of Agriculture concerning the offered training programs in relation to the research objectives, a purposive sample comprised of (18) professors, as trainers, were selected. Using indepth interviews, data were collected from (12) professors as primary source of information for this study (from December, 2016 to April, 2017). Qualitative and content analysis were mainly used for the purpose of data analysis.
The major findings of the study could be summarized as follows:
1- Evaluation of the studied training programs revealed that:
a- All of the training programs (9 programs) were satisfying the criteria of continuing professional education (CPE) interms of “presenting new concepts or technology, and “the interaction between the trainer and trainees in the learning situations”.
b. The criterion pertaining to “developing the value of self-directed learning” was evidenced in 7 programs.
2- Reactions of the professors, as trainers toward the studied cooperative relationship revealed that:
a. The major perceived benefits included: sharing in the development and renewal of the faculty research labs, as well as crystallizing researchable points, and developing research proposals for funding.
b. The main perceived challenges included: lack of identifying trainees levels of knowledge prior to planning the training programs, and lack of interaction and keeping in touch between trainees and trainers, upon the termination of the programs.
Recommendations to enhance future cooperative relationships were noted.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_127356_af709dd3a174fc112be3ff408f4dc38f.pdf
التعاون– کلية الزراعة
جامعة الإسکندرية- الشرکات والمشاريع التنموية الزراعية- التعليم المستمر
التعاون– کلية الزراعة
جامعة الإسکندرية- الشرکات والمشاريع التنموية الزراعية- التعليم المستمر
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-30
38
April-June
143
163
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.127357
127357
Original Article
Importance of Some of Development of Farmer's Participation Methods in Activities of Agricultural Extension from Point of View of Extension Agents in Assiut Governorate
أهمية بعض اساليب تنمية مشارکة الزراع فى الأنشطة الإرشادية الزراعية من وجهة نظر المرشدين الزراعيين بمحافظة أسيوط
Abd el-nasser M.Fath El-Bab
1
The research was mainly to identify the importance of some of the methods for the development of the participation of farmers in the extension activities, and to determine the correlation relationships between those methods and between both independent variables and the extent of the participation of farmers in some the extension activities, as well as to determine differences between the means of these methods. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach and to achieve its goals.
The most comprehensive research in all agricultural extension agents' villages of ofgovernorate Assiut, and the total of population 216. Has reached the size of the sample (108) guide agriculturally 50% of the total population, and collected data through Collective interview corresponding to the respondents by a questionnaire prepared for this purpose, and adopted in the analysis of data on the mean, weighted mean, the critical ratio, and percentages, frequencies, the coefficient of the simple Pearson correlation, and the coefficient of the Spearman rank correlation.
Important results that reached as follows: The most 77.77% of th respondents aged 50- 60 years, and 41.66% more as it turns out that form farmers in the extension activities were attendees only 42.59% and the highest level of participation it by 61.11%.
As it turns out that of seminars of less than 10 times is the most fulfillment for 53.7% of the respondents. Followed office visits for 48.15% less than 50 times. While the lowest implementation of the activity of simplification practical of 12, 04% it turns out that the highest post of participation in the extension activities were in the field visits 42.59% and the lowest participation field day at 8.33%.
The results showed that the most important development activities, respectively: extension agents, Organizational and coordination, follow-up and development, farmers, participate as a value.The results also showed correlation relations significance at a level of 0.01 between these methods, between my lectures, simplification practical and seminars indicative. Except agricultural extension agents was significant at the level of 0.05. Also show a correlation relations significant at a level of 0, 05 between the methods of agricultural extension agents and the number of training courses in agriculture, and also between organizational coordination method and the number of training courses in extension and form farmers, as well as between agriculture methods and form of participation, as well as between the methods of participation as a value between work period in agricultural extension and the number of training by courses.Finally, among the total of methods and between form farmers. The results showed there were no significant differences at the level of 0.01 between the mean methods extension agents and Organizational coordination.
The research was mainly to identify the importance of some of the methods for the development of the participation of farmers in the extension activities, and to determine the correlation relationships between those methods and between both independent variables and the extent of the participation of farmers in some the extension activities, as well as to determine differences between the means of these methods. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach and to achieve its goals.
The most comprehensive research in all agricultural extension agents' villages of ofgovernorate Assiut, and the total of population 216. Has reached the size of the sample (108) guide agriculturally 50% of the total population, and collected data through Collective interview corresponding to the respondents by a questionnaire prepared for this purpose, and adopted in the analysis of data on the mean, weighted mean, the critical ratio, and percentages, frequencies, the coefficient of the simple Pearson correlation, and the coefficient of the Spearman rank correlation.
Important results that reached as follows: The most 77.77% of th respondents aged 50- 60 years, and 41.66% more as it turns out that form farmers in the extension activities were attendees only 42.59% and the highest level of participation it by 61.11%.
As it turns out that of seminars of less than 10 times is the most fulfillment for 53.7% of the respondents. Followed office visits for 48.15% less than 50 times. While the lowest implementation of the activity of simplification practical of 12, 04% it turns out that the highest post of participation in the extension activities were in the field visits 42.59% and the lowest participation field day at 8.33%.
The results showed that the most important development activities, respectively: extension agents, Organizational and coordination, follow-up and development, farmers, participate as a value.The results also showed correlation relations significance at a level of 0.01 between these methods, between my lectures, simplification practical and seminars indicative. Except agricultural extension agents was significant at the level of 0.05. Also show a correlation relations significant at a level of 0, 05 between the methods of agricultural extension agents and the number of training courses in agriculture, and also between organizational coordination method and the number of training courses in extension and form farmers, as well as between agriculture methods and form of participation, as well as between the methods of participation as a value between work period in agricultural extension and the number of training by courses.Finally, among the total of methods and between form farmers. The results showed there were no significant differences at the level of 0.01 between the mean methods extension agents and Organizational coordination.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_127357_66d47158edce9e79e9fa6e8cb042b8a9.pdf
التنمية
المشارکة
الانشطة الزراعية
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-30
38
April-June
164
174
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.127358
127358
Original Article
Effect of Extraction of Lantana (Lantana camara L.) Leaves on Mitosis Division in Top of Roots, Germination and Growth for Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
تأثير مستخلص أوراق نبات اللانتانا Lantana على الإنقسام غير الأختزالي فى القمم النامية للجذور وإنبات ونمو نبات الشعير Hordeum vulgare L.
Radia O. Salem
1
Ghada S. El-Mereid
2
Lab experiment was conducted in Genetic Laboratory, Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tripoli University, Libya, during 2014/2015 seasons to study the effect of cold and hot aqueous extractions Lantana (Lantana camara L.) of fresh and dry leaves on mitosis division in top of roots, germination and growth for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Whereas, barley grains were treated by different aqueous concentration of clod and hot (25, 50, 75, 100 % and distilled water as control).
The results revealed that cold and hot extractions decreased germination percentage, radical and plumule lengths with increasing concentrations up to 100% in comparison with control treatment. Whereas, there no significant effect on seedling weight (g). Also, the results reported that there was no significant effect of cold and hot extractions from of top of seedling roots on mitosis division. Meanwhile, chromosomal aberrations in top of barley roots increased with increasing concentrations of both cold and hot leaves extractions of Lantana plants. The types of abnormalities induced were disturbed chromosome, stickiness, C- metaphase, disturbed polarity and chromosome bridge.
Lab experiment was conducted in Genetic Laboratory, Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tripoli University, Libya, during 2014/2015 seasons to study the effect of cold and hot aqueous extractions Lantana (Lantana camara L.) of fresh and dry leaves on mitosis division in top of roots, germination and growth for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Whereas, barley grains were treated by different aqueous concentration of clod and hot (25, 50, 75, 100 % and distilled water as control).
The results revealed that cold and hot extractions decreased germination percentage, radical and plumule lengths with increasing concentrations up to 100% in comparison with control treatment. Whereas, there no significant effect on seedling weight (g). Also, the results reported that there was no significant effect of cold and hot extractions from of top of seedling roots on mitosis division. Meanwhile, chromosomal aberrations in top of barley roots increased with increasing concentrations of both cold and hot leaves extractions of Lantana plants. The types of abnormalities induced were disturbed chromosome, stickiness, C- metaphase, disturbed polarity and chromosome bridge.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_127358_cee4d34c6787eb6b794ad1ab88d81639.pdf
Lantana plants
extractions
mitosis
Germination
Growth
Barley
أوراق نبات اللانتانا
مستخلصات
الأنقسام غير الأختزالي
الإنبات
النمو
الشعير
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-30
38
April-June
175
181
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.127359
127359
Original Article
Knowledge and Practices of Rain Wheat Farming Related to Management of using Underground Water and Rainwater Irrigation in Agriculture in Some Matrouh Governorate Districts
معارف وممارسات زراع القمح المطري المتعلقة بترشيد إستخدام مياه الري الجوفية والمطرية في الزراعة ببعض مراکز– محافظة مطروح
Ahmed A. Houssein
1
The objective of the present research was to identify farmers knowledge level which concerned the rationalization of using underground water and rainwater irrigation in cultivation of rain wheat, As well as to identify practices level of the farmers concerned with management of underground water and rainwater irrigation in the cultivation of rain wheat and finally to identify the most important obstacles and problems of wheat rain production through the opinions of farmers. The research was conducted in the largest village of the six rain wheat villages from Dabaa area (Zawiyat al-Awamah and Al-Dabaa villages) From Al-Hamam area (Al-Ameed and Al Salam villages) From Barani (Al-Dhafer and Barani villages) in the coastal area of Matrouh governorate. Random samples of 300 farmers were selected from 751 population farmers 50 farmers per village from the inventory lists found in the agricultural associations at 2015-2016 season and Matrouh website. data was collected using interviewing questionnaire. The data was analyzed through mean, median the arithmetic average range.
The obtained search results can be arranged as follow:
1. The percentage of farmers with the respondents' knowledge of medium and low towards the rationalization using underground water for irrigation and rain wheat in the cultivation found to be 85%.
2. The percentage of farmers' respondents with the level of low and medium practices towards management of the used underground water for irrigation and rain wheat in the cultivation found to be 93%.
3- The most important problems and obstacles facing the production of rain wheat from the perspective of farmers interviewed were the absence of rain wheat special seeds with rate of repetition 95% and the knowledge of timing of rainfall is 88% exactly unknown and, the cost of service of the land extremely high by 60%.
The objective of the present research was to identify farmers knowledge level which concerned the rationalization of using underground water and rainwater irrigation in cultivation of rain wheat, As well as to identify practices level of the farmers concerned with management of underground water and rainwater irrigation in the cultivation of rain wheat and finally to identify the most important obstacles and problems of wheat rain production through the opinions of farmers. The research was conducted in the largest village of the six rain wheat villages from Dabaa area (Zawiyat al-Awamah and Al-Dabaa villages) From Al-Hamam area (Al-Ameed and Al Salam villages) From Barani (Al-Dhafer and Barani villages) in the coastal area of Matrouh governorate. Random samples of 300 farmers were selected from 751 population farmers 50 farmers per village from the inventory lists found in the agricultural associations at 2015-2016 season and Matrouh website. data was collected using interviewing questionnaire. The data was analyzed through mean, median the arithmetic average range.
The obtained search results can be arranged as follow:
1. The percentage of farmers with the respondents' knowledge of medium and low towards the rationalization using underground water for irrigation and rain wheat in the cultivation found to be 85%.
2. The percentage of farmers' respondents with the level of low and medium practices towards management of the used underground water for irrigation and rain wheat in the cultivation found to be 93%.
3- The most important problems and obstacles facing the production of rain wheat from the perspective of farmers interviewed were the absence of rain wheat special seeds with rate of repetition 95% and the knowledge of timing of rainfall is 88% exactly unknown and, the cost of service of the land extremely high by 60%.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_127359_8d73162db71fa5265913e2eb1e8d1fe1.pdf
القمح المطرى
ترشيد المياه الجوفية والمطرية
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-30
38
April-June
182
212
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.127360
127360
Original Article
Housing Environment for Slums and its Relationship with the Health and Social Problems in Alexandria Governorate
البيئة السکنية لمناطق العشوائيات وعلاقتها بالأمراض الصحية والاجتماعية بمحافظة الأسکندرية
Somaya A. Soliman
1
Said S. Abo Shosha
2
Kamal H. Noweir
3
Ehsan A. Elshial
4
A huge revival occurred in Egypt after World War II, This revival included different fields and activities, and accompanied by fundamental changes in lifestyle and needs for individuals and groups. The most notably change was the accumulation of population randomly in areas without prior urban planning or health control. As a result, small cities and neighborhoods appeared without any validity or facilities in their housing elements. The main objective of this research is to identify the residential environment of some slums in Alexandria Governorate and its relationship with the spreading of health and social diseases among the population in these areas. So, the sample of this research was 150 housing units which randomly selected from two areas in Alexandria. The two areas were New Hadara which represents the middle district of Alexandria, and Zawiya Abdul Qader which represent America district. The results have showed that the variance of degree of crowdedness for Abdul-Qader was greater than New Hadra, where the degree of crowdedness was 66.29%, and 39.98% respectively. 70% of the investigated residential housing units depend on the fans as a ventilation system. Also, 27.3 % of the investigated unites either do not exposed to the sun rays or exposed for a very short time during the day. As well as, 92% of these houses are exposed to pollutants from the surrounding environment, such as the burning of garbage and rubber, the exhaust of the factories, as well as the bad smells of sewage and waste water. It was also found that 70% of the investigated houses residents in both studied areas are suffering from rodents and insects which resulting from pets and birds breeding. It was noticed that the investigated residents at New Hadra are suffering from some health problems such as rapid stress, headache, chest allergy, hepatitis, and gastroenteritis (stomach flu). The nasal congestion was the most spreaded disease in the New Hadara with percentage reach to 57.3%, while it was 46.7% for Abdul Qader. On the other hand, sneezing and rapid stress were 52%, and 49.3% repectively for New Hadara, whilesneezing and rapid stress were 26.7% and 56% for Abdul Qader respectively.
Regarding to the social behavior of the respondents, the results showed that 87.3% of them are helping their neighbors, and 51.3% of them, their neighbors have no effect on their children behavior. It was noticed that 48% of them punished their children by beating. On the other hand, the statistical results at 0.01 confidence level, have shown that there is a proportional relationship between the health status of the respondents as a dependent variable and the educational level of the wife, monthly household income, area of housing, internal and external environment as independent variables. It was found that There is a correlation relationship at confidence level (0.01) between the social behavior of the respondents as a dependent variable and age of the husband, number of children, crowdedness measured by PPR (person per room) and the internal and external residential.
A huge revival occurred in Egypt after World War II, This revival included different fields and activities, and accompanied by fundamental changes in lifestyle and needs for individuals and groups. The most notably change was the accumulation of population randomly in areas without prior urban planning or health control. As a result, small cities and neighborhoods appeared without any validity or facilities in their housing elements. The main objective of this research is to identify the residential environment of some slums in Alexandria Governorate and its relationship with the spreading of health and social diseases among the population in these areas. So, the sample of this research was 150 housing units which randomly selected from two areas in Alexandria. The two areas were New Hadara which represents the middle district of Alexandria, and Zawiya Abdul Qader which represent America district. The results have showed that the variance of degree of crowdedness for Abdul-Qader was greater than New Hadra, where the degree of crowdedness was 66.29%, and 39.98% respectively. 70% of the investigated residential housing units depend on the fans as a ventilation system. Also, 27.3 % of the investigated unites either do not exposed to the sun rays or exposed for a very short time during the day. As well as, 92% of these houses are exposed to pollutants from the surrounding environment, such as the burning of garbage and rubber, the exhaust of the factories, as well as the bad smells of sewage and waste water. It was also found that 70% of the investigated houses residents in both studied areas are suffering from rodents and insects which resulting from pets and birds breeding. It was noticed that the investigated residents at New Hadra are suffering from some health problems such as rapid stress, headache, chest allergy, hepatitis, and gastroenteritis (stomach flu). The nasal congestion was the most spreaded disease in the New Hadara with percentage reach to 57.3%, while it was 46.7% for Abdul Qader. On the other hand, sneezing and rapid stress were 52%, and 49.3% repectively for New Hadara, whilesneezing and rapid stress were 26.7% and 56% for Abdul Qader respectively.
Regarding to the social behavior of the respondents, the results showed that 87.3% of them are helping their neighbors, and 51.3% of them, their neighbors have no effect on their children behavior. It was noticed that 48% of them punished their children by beating. On the other hand, the statistical results at 0.01 confidence level, have shown that there is a proportional relationship between the health status of the respondents as a dependent variable and the educational level of the wife, monthly household income, area of housing, internal and external environment as independent variables. It was found that There is a correlation relationship at confidence level (0.01) between the social behavior of the respondents as a dependent variable and age of the husband, number of children, crowdedness measured by PPR (person per room) and the internal and external residential.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_127360_09854aff7d0dda364640b586aafe6dfb.pdf
المناطق العشوائية
الإسکان العشوائي
البيئة الداخلية للمسکن
البيئة الخارجية للمسکن
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-30
38
April-June
213
219
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.127361
127361
Original Article
The Economics of Fish Production in Lake Burullus
اقتصاديات انتاج الاسماک فى بحيرة البرلس
Rania Ibrahim Ahmad
1
Nashwa Eltatawy
2
Sharif Fatouh
3
The development of fish resources is one of the most important economic activities to deal with the problem of providing food, which is one of the most important problems facing the Egyptian society. The lake is the second largest and most important inland natural lakes in Egypt, and the most fertile as well where it has the most important components of natural fish breeder, 43% of the production of natural lakes. However, fish production in the lake has deteriorated in recent decades as a result of many environmental and human reasons. The study aims at: (1) the relative importance of the value of the lake production; (3) seasonal productivity fluctuations in LakeBurullus, (4) the statistical estimate of the function of fish production in LakeBurullus fisheries. The study reached (1) Manpower engaged in the fisheries of Lake Al- Burullus about 15.6 thousand fishermen, representing about 20.6% of the total fishermen In the Egyptian fisheries in 2014, El- Burullus Lake contributes about 18.6% of the total Egyptian fish production and about 3.8% of the total Egyptian fish income in 2014. 2) The fish production in the lake of Al-BurullusLake reveal a clear seasonal pattern, Summer and Autumn. (3) Results of the Study revealed that, the most determing studied factor of fish Production from lake Burollus, within the Period of the Study (1995-2014), is the average whole-Sale fish price (1000 E.P./ton).
The development of fish resources is one of the most important economic activities to deal with the problem of providing food, which is one of the most important problems facing the Egyptian society. The lake is the second largest and most important inland natural lakes in Egypt, and the most fertile as well where it has the most important components of natural fish breeder, 43% of the production of natural lakes. However, fish production in the lake has deteriorated in recent decades as a result of many environmental and human reasons. The study aims at: (1) the relative importance of the value of the lake production; (3) seasonal productivity fluctuations in LakeBurullus, (4) the statistical estimate of the function of fish production in LakeBurullus fisheries. The study reached (1) Manpower engaged in the fisheries of Lake Al- Burullus about 15.6 thousand fishermen, representing about 20.6% of the total fishermen In the Egyptian fisheries in 2014, El- Burullus Lake contributes about 18.6% of the total Egyptian fish production and about 3.8% of the total Egyptian fish income in 2014. 2) The fish production in the lake of Al-BurullusLake reveal a clear seasonal pattern, Summer and Autumn. (3) Results of the Study revealed that, the most determing studied factor of fish Production from lake Burollus, within the Period of the Study (1995-2014), is the average whole-Sale fish price (1000 E.P./ton).
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_127361_eeaf7efbd7921eaf875f2dfa26d352da.pdf
التقلبات الموسمية
العوامل المؤثرة
الأهمية النسبية
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-30
38
April-June
220
260
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.127362
127362
Original Article
Effect of Agronomic Dimensions on Home Storage Environment on Achievement Rate and Fatigue Feeling Among a Sample of Housewives in Alexandria
تأثير الأبعاد الأرجونومية لبيئة التخزين المنزلى على معدل الإنجاز والشعور بالتعب لدى عينة من ربات الأسر بالإسکندرية
Yousreya Ahmed Abdu Al Monem
1
Azza Abdu Al Ghany
2
Nagwa Adel Hassan Nagwa Adel Hassan
3
Engy Saleh Abo Al Ghait
4
The main objective of this research was to study the effect of agronomic dimensions of home storage environment on the achievement rate and fatigue feeling among a sample of housewives in Alexandria. The study included two parts, a field study and a case study.The field study was carried out on an accidental sample that consisted of 200 housewives from different zones in Alexandria. Data were collected through personal interviews using a questionnaire.
A semi-experimental study was carried out using a questionnaire which included an evaluation of agronomic dimensions of storage environment in the homes under study, Anthropometric and vital signs were taken as an indicator of fatigue feeling. In addition to the time consumed to finish storing work was taken as an indicator of achievement rate. This sample consisted of 30 housewives.
Data were treated statistically using SPSS (ver 16) program to calculate percentages, frequencies, mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, one way analysis of variance, partial regression coefficient and T-test.
Field study results:
1. Results indicated that evaluation of agronomic dimensions among 71% of the sample were of moderate level of knowledge, 84.5% practice, 56% practice and 67.5 attitudes towards agronomic dimensions were moderate. Moderate level of fatigue feeling and achievement motive were 57% and 65% respectively.
2. There was a significant effect (0.01) of general housing characteristics, agronomic dimensions of storage environment, knowledge, practices and attitudes of the housewives towards home storage during practicing storage work was (54.3%) and on achievement motive ( 31.5%).
Semi-experimental study results:
1. There were significant differences (0.01) between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure as vital signs of fatigue feeling before and after storage work in the kitchen and sleeping area.
2. There was a significant effect (0.01) of agronomic dimensions of storage environment in the kitchen and anthropometric measurements as a whole among housewives on the difference of systolic blood pressure (38.6%) and the difference of diastolic blood pressure (17.1%) and pulse rate (17.9%) as vital signs of fatigue feelings and storage work time (65%) as achievement indicator.
3. There was a significant effect (0.01) of agronomic dimensions of storage environment in sleeping area and anthropometric measurements of housewives on the difference of systolic blood pressure (20.4%) and difference od diastolic blood pressure (46.3%) and pulse rate (37.8%) as vital signs is of fatigue feeling and storage work time (48.5%) as an indicator of achievement.
The main objective of this research was to study the effect of agronomic dimensions of home storage environment on the achievement rate and fatigue feeling among a sample of housewives in Alexandria. The study included two parts, a field study and a case study.The field study was carried out on an accidental sample that consisted of 200 housewives from different zones in Alexandria. Data were collected through personal interviews using a questionnaire.
A semi-experimental study was carried out using a questionnaire which included an evaluation of agronomic dimensions of storage environment in the homes under study, Anthropometric and vital signs were taken as an indicator of fatigue feeling. In addition to the time consumed to finish storing work was taken as an indicator of achievement rate. This sample consisted of 30 housewives.
Data were treated statistically using SPSS (ver 16) program to calculate percentages, frequencies, mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, one way analysis of variance, partial regression coefficient and T-test.
Field study results:
1. Results indicated that evaluation of agronomic dimensions among 71% of the sample were of moderate level of knowledge, 84.5% practice, 56% practice and 67.5 attitudes towards agronomic dimensions were moderate. Moderate level of fatigue feeling and achievement motive were 57% and 65% respectively.
2. There was a significant effect (0.01) of general housing characteristics, agronomic dimensions of storage environment, knowledge, practices and attitudes of the housewives towards home storage during practicing storage work was (54.3%) and on achievement motive ( 31.5%).
Semi-experimental study results:
1. There were significant differences (0.01) between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure as vital signs of fatigue feeling before and after storage work in the kitchen and sleeping area.
2. There was a significant effect (0.01) of agronomic dimensions of storage environment in the kitchen and anthropometric measurements as a whole among housewives on the difference of systolic blood pressure (38.6%) and the difference of diastolic blood pressure (17.1%) and pulse rate (17.9%) as vital signs of fatigue feelings and storage work time (65%) as achievement indicator.
3. There was a significant effect (0.01) of agronomic dimensions of storage environment in sleeping area and anthropometric measurements of housewives on the difference of systolic blood pressure (20.4%) and difference od diastolic blood pressure (46.3%) and pulse rate (37.8%) as vital signs is of fatigue feeling and storage work time (48.5%) as an indicator of achievement.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_127362_8bef66d31f5963b281fce79e75de55a5.pdf
الأبعاد الأرجونومية
بيئة التخزين
دافعية الإنجاز
والشعور بالتعب والإجهاد
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-30
38
April-June
261
280
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.127363
127363
Original Article
Effect of Supplemental Irrigation on Rise the Production of Coffee Trees and Determination Irrigation Addition Efficiency under Beneficent Irrigation Pattern
أثر الري التکميلي على رفع إنتاجية أشجار البن وتقدير کفاءة إضافته تحت نمط ري محسن
Ahmed Abdullah Ahmed Ghaleb
1
Water dilemma is the biggest care facing Yemen now and will be more difficult on close future. There are a lot of solutions to treating this problem , such as decrease the water loses by using pipes for water transfer; prohibit the flood irrigation system; determination the actual water consumption for all crops and using the modern irrigation systems. The objectives of this study were knowing the effect of supplement irrigation on rise the production of coffee trees and the irrigation addition efficiency under beneficent irrigation pattern (pips to rings). The study was carried out on farmer field at Wadi Terrs, Al-Shaoba, Taiz governorate. Field soil was heavy texture, light salt and medium fertility. The coffee trees were 15 years old. Four supplementary irrigation head were applied (15, 30, 38 and 45 mm.) and each water head was repeated five times, in other words 20 coffee trees were used in completely randomized design (CRD). The supplemental irrigation was added according to the trees need as seeing by the farmer. It is added through a net which content of reservoir has 4.2 m3 capacity, plastic pipes (PVC), 2 inches diameter and soil rings surrounding the trees. The water transfer efficiency through plastic pipe was 90% and the supply efficiency of this system was 81%. The total rainfall for 2006 season was 846 mm. and the effective rainfall was 518.4 mm. (5184 m3/h). Eight supplementary irrigation were added during the season, so the total volume were 1200, 2200, 2780 and 3300 m3/h. The total water consumption (effective rainfall and supplementary water) were 6384, 7384, 7964 and 8484 m3/h for 15, 30, 38 and 45 mm. water head, respectively. The coffee fruits were collected five times, the first collection was on 28 Aug. 2006 and the last one was on 10 Jan. 2007. Coffee yield weight had been taken at 12% fixed moisture, so it were 1.77, 3.33, 3.57 and 2.83 t/h for 15, 30, 38 and 45 mm. water head, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that there are significant differences just for yield weight and husks percentage, while the general averages of the husks and beans percents for all treatments were 57 and 43%, respectively. The result of this study clarified that the best water head was 38 mm., which gave the highest average yield (3.57 t/h), while the better water use efficiency was 0.46 kg/m3 for 30 mm. head treatment. Finally the average of irrigation addition efficiency which obtained it under the followed irrigation pattern was 81%.
Water dilemma is the biggest care facing Yemen now and will be more difficult on close future. There are a lot of solutions to treating this problem , such as decrease the water loses by using pipes for water transfer; prohibit the flood irrigation system; determination the actual water consumption for all crops and using the modern irrigation systems. The objectives of this study were knowing the effect of supplement irrigation on rise the production of coffee trees and the irrigation addition efficiency under beneficent irrigation pattern (pips to rings). The study was carried out on farmer field at Wadi Terrs, Al-Shaoba, Taiz governorate. Field soil was heavy texture, light salt and medium fertility. The coffee trees were 15 years old. Four supplementary irrigation head were applied (15, 30, 38 and 45 mm.) and each water head was repeated five times, in other words 20 coffee trees were used in completely randomized design (CRD). The supplemental irrigation was added according to the trees need as seeing by the farmer. It is added through a net which content of reservoir has 4.2 m3 capacity, plastic pipes (PVC), 2 inches diameter and soil rings surrounding the trees. The water transfer efficiency through plastic pipe was 90% and the supply efficiency of this system was 81%. The total rainfall for 2006 season was 846 mm. and the effective rainfall was 518.4 mm. (5184 m3/h). Eight supplementary irrigation were added during the season, so the total volume were 1200, 2200, 2780 and 3300 m3/h. The total water consumption (effective rainfall and supplementary water) were 6384, 7384, 7964 and 8484 m3/h for 15, 30, 38 and 45 mm. water head, respectively. The coffee fruits were collected five times, the first collection was on 28 Aug. 2006 and the last one was on 10 Jan. 2007. Coffee yield weight had been taken at 12% fixed moisture, so it were 1.77, 3.33, 3.57 and 2.83 t/h for 15, 30, 38 and 45 mm. water head, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that there are significant differences just for yield weight and husks percentage, while the general averages of the husks and beans percents for all treatments were 57 and 43%, respectively. The result of this study clarified that the best water head was 38 mm., which gave the highest average yield (3.57 t/h), while the better water use efficiency was 0.46 kg/m3 for 30 mm. head treatment. Finally the average of irrigation addition efficiency which obtained it under the followed irrigation pattern was 81%.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_127363_a7329622f508b498cb27e6ed22688255.pdf
Coffee
supplemental irrigation
Irrigation addition efficiency
water use efficiency
البن
الري التکميلي
کفاءة إضافة الري
ري محسن
کفاءة الاستهلاک المائي
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2017-06-01
38
April-June
281
290
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2017.127364
127364
Original Article
Effect of Soaking and Germination on Nutritional Value of Egyptian Barley
تأثير النقع والإنبات على القيمة الغذائية للشعير المصري
Soheir F. Nour
1
Samir M. Ahmed
2
Ayat M.M.Youssef
3
Wafaa E. M. A.Rizk
4
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of soaking and germination on the nutritional value of Egyptian barley (Giza 131). The results indicated that both soaking and germination significantly decreased the content of Ash , lipids, Crude fiber, Starch , Total ß – glucan and Phytic acid. In addition, The falling number decreased as a result of the activity of amylases. On the other hand, Crude protein,Total sugars, phenolic substances and the antioxidant activity (DPPH· scavenging activity) increased. A significant as well as some minerals (Ca , Mg, K, Cr , Mn) increment was also observed with regard to the studied vitamins (Folic acid, Pyroxidin, Tocopherols) Therefore, the germinated and Soaked barley can be used in preparing some Egyptian common traditional meals.
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of soaking and germination on the nutritional value of Egyptian barley (Giza 131). The results indicated that both soaking and germination significantly decreased the content of Ash , lipids, Crude fiber, Starch , Total ß – glucan and Phytic acid. In addition, The falling number decreased as a result of the activity of amylases. On the other hand, Crude protein,Total sugars, phenolic substances and the antioxidant activity (DPPH· scavenging activity) increased. A significant as well as some minerals (Ca , Mg, K, Cr , Mn) increment was also observed with regard to the studied vitamins (Folic acid, Pyroxidin, Tocopherols) Therefore, the germinated and Soaked barley can be used in preparing some Egyptian common traditional meals.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_127364_41233f4ac804f7ef541fd8fad5c3a1ef.pdf
Germinated barley
Chemical composition
Phenolic compounds
Antioxidant activity
إنبات الشعير
الترکيب الکيميائى
المرکبات الفينولية والنشاط المضاد للاکسدة