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in Egypt on SSF pupae offers a promising opportunity for a biocontrol of soybean stem fly under local agronomic and climate conditions. Therefore, the presence of the parasitoids of M. sojae in Egypt was useful for the development of biocontrol methods to limit its impact on regional soybean production. ]]>
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5 ton/fed sheep dung > combination (5 ton/fed sheep dung with 1 ton /fed sheep wool > combination (5 ton / fed sheep dung + 0.5 ton /fed sheep wool) > 1 ton /fed sheep wool > 0.5 ton /fed sheep wool > control (un treated). The following equation: was applied to calculate the total area under curve of the heat content ( Heat Index HI), In July month, the 0-5 cm soil depth, results showed increase for Heat Index, of 10 ton /fed and 5 ton/fed sheep dung amendments with (100 and 75 % water applied) compare to control. The rates of increasing were 13.32, 10.49 %, 13.78 and 12.03 % for up above treatments respectively. While, the increase rate of the integrated heat content of 1 ton /fed and 0.5 Ton/ fed sheep wool with (100 and 75 % water applied) was < 1 %. In the soil depth 5-10 cm, the results showed the rates of increasing were 14.63, 12.18, 10.07 and 11.68% for sheep dung amendments, 1.18 and 1.55 % of 1 ton /fed and 0.5 ton/ fed sheep wool, respectively. The increase of (Heat Index, HT) was slightly in 10-15 cm soil depth. The same trend was found in August and September months. But HI in August month was higher than the total heat content under area in July and September. The results were highly significant in HI as 100 & 75% of irrigation water applied for 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil depths. There was no significant of sheep wool treatment. There was no significant for 10-15 cm soil depth each of soil amendments and water applied in July and August month, but it had significant differences in September month. The results showed a significant increment in HI in the depth 10-15 cm at the end of the experiment, due to the influence of root growth. ]]>
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cheese whey > compost > gypsum > control. Moreover, one-month incubation was enough time for amendments to ameliorate soil sodicity before crop plantation. Spent grain and cheese whey are more effective than gypsum and compost in remediating sodic soils and are much inexpensive. ]]>
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, while, sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone had slightly toxic effect.The present study suggests the use of sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone are preferred insecticides, with less harmful effects on the fitness components of natural enemies, for integrated pest management of sucking insects at cucumber plants. ]]>
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