B (2412.24) > C (2278.06) > D (2201.26) > E (2111.51) m3fed-1. Average water saving, in the two growing seasons, was 238.54 m3/fed. i.e. 9.48% for the best treatment 90% cut off in comparison with 100% without cut off. This water saving might be represented more than 0.5 mil. m3 of irrigation water for the wheat national cultivated area (2.5 x 106 fed.). Average water consumptive use could be arranged in descending orders: A (45.46) > B (43.35) > C (41.27) > D (40.01) > E (37.98) cm. The corresponding rates of consumptive use were0.27, 0.26, 0.24, 0.23 and 0.22 cm/day for the same treatments, respectively. The average values of consumptive use efficiency ranged between 91 to 94% for different treatments. Significant differences were found among the studied treatments regarding grain and straw yields as well as biological yield, 1000-grain weight and harvest index. The highest grain yield (2984.75 kg/fed. (7.1 ton/ha)) was scored with 90% cut off (Trt. C); i.e. watering till 90% of the cultivated wheat strip. The highest average of water utilization efficiency (WUtE) was about 1.61 kg/m3 which associated with the 90% cut off (Trt. C). On the other hand, the lowest value of about 1.16 kg/m3 was obtained from the control Trt A. ]]>
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Pb > Ni >Cd. The contents of total Cu, Ni, Cd and Pb in Delta fringes soils varied from 57.5 to 120.0, 62.5 to 95.0, 2.3 to 4.65 and 39.5 to 69.5 mg/kg, respectively for the surface layers. The alluvial calcareous soils recorded the lowest amounts of heavy metals; whereas sandy calcareous soils recorded the highest ones. The available amounts of these metals varied relatively in narrow range and the averages were 2.11, 0.16, 0.035 and 0.20 mg/kg soil for Cu, Ni, Cd and Pb, respectively. The values reveal that metal content is mainly dependent on soil parent material, organic matter content and cation exchange capacity. Highly positive significant correlations were found between clay and silt % with total and available heavy metals, and also between organic matter content and total and available metals except available Cu. Cation exchange capacity showed highly significant correlations with either total or available metals. On the other hand, negative correlations were found between calcium carbonate and total and available metals. It can be concluded that, the heavy metal contents in the studied soils are affected mainly by the geochemical sources or soil parent material. ]]>
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Ganab 1 mesqa > Sharaf El Den mesqa > Om Henesh C mesqa >El Deeb & Abd Ella mesqa >El – Naira mesqa. The most efficient utilization of water unit was achieved when rice area ranged between 11.8 and 66% of the total mesqa area to maximize the return of water unit and minimize water conveyance and field losses. The crop pattern should be adopted with mesqa water supply to ensure higher on – farm irrigation efficiency and reduce water losses.]]>
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