2024-03-29T16:19:18Z
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=351
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Effect of Mineral and Bio- Fertilization on Vegetative Growth and Flowering of Anthurium andreanum L. Plants under Greenhouse Condition
Aly
H. El-Naggar
Naglaa
M. Esmaiel
Assem
A. El-Naggar
The present study was designed to estimate the effect of mineral fertilizer NPK (19:19:19) at 0.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 g / plant, bio-fertilizer (active dry yeast) at levels 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 g/ l and their combination on growth, flowering and leaves chemical composition of Anthurium andreanum, L. plants. The experiment was carried out during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons in Alexandria university's nursery. The results indicated that planting Anthurium andreanum, L. under greenhouse conditions with applying 10 g / pot of mineral NPK monthly during the growing seasons, combined with active dry yeast at 6 g / l improved the vegetative growth and flowering parameters ( plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf dry weight, number of flowers / plant, flower dry weight and leaf chemical composition parameters [ total chlorophyll and mineral content (N, P and K %)]. These results can be used for improving Anthurium fertilizing programs for economic production.
indoor plants
Bio-fertilizers
Active dry yeast
mineral fertilizer
Anthurium andreanum
2016
03
01
1
9
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_1897_befb7a220f42d46618c3171c1c22ed7d.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Genetic Improvement through Selection of Different Stevia rebaudiana Genotypes
Nader
R. Abdelsalam
Asmaa
S. M. Haraz
Haraz
Ahmed E.Khalid
Magdy
S. H.Saleh
Ahmed
E. A.Elsheikh
The present investigation was carried out at Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University and Sabahia Agricultural Research Station during two succesive seasons 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 from nature population of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) in order to study the genetic improvement through selection for different Stevia genotypes. Ninteen stevia accessions were collected from healthy plants of nature population and selected randomly. The data showed high significant variations between all tested genotypes and there is high genetic diversity between these genotypes and this might be, due to the open pollination for these genotypes for several years and theses genotypes could used in the future in breeding programme. Also, it can conculad that the difference in rebaudioside A due to the difference in the genetic and the negatively correlation between stevioside and rebaudioside-A. can be partially explained by the biosynthetic relationships between the individual glycosides because stevioside is the substrate for the synthesis of rebaudioside A.
Stevia rebaudiana
selection
HPLC
RAPD-PCR
2016
03
01
10
25
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_1902_a4736f22234ab1ed8f78abeb2d3d95a6.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
The Use of Inverse Distance Weighted and Fuzzy Logic to Estimate Land Suitability by Geographic Information System in South of Iraq
Abdulghafour
Ibrahim Hamad
As soils considered an open system, adjacent of them are common in some characteristic. The use of inverse distance weighted (IDW) technology in geographic information systems (GIS) is one of the best ways of soil characteristic interpolation depending on the Inverse distance where there is a negative relationship between characteristic and the of the IDW, such as soil salinity and other characteristic. The main objective of this study is to estimate land suitability depending on fuzzy logic. The studied area are located in Thi-Qar province, Iraq in coordinate of 643949.033m X, 3441469.288m Y, 643949.033m X, 3417061.751m Y, 689849.773m X, 3417061.751 Y, 689849.7733m X, 3441469.288 Y, respectively. The results indicated that most of the studied area lands were influenced by salinity, the lowest value of soil salinity was 8.45 ds/m while the highest was 152.56 ds/m. Soil textures are tending to be in the range of silt clay loam, silt clay, silt loam and loam, the dominant drainage class was poorly to moderate, while there were some classes in well and imperfect drainage classes. Gypsum content was less than 2.94%, while lime content ranged from 24.40% to 38.19%. The studied area was classified into five classes, the first was non suitable (red color), second class was few suitable (yellow color), third class was moderate suitable( brown color), fourth class was suitable (green color) and very suitable (chartreuse color) for grain crops. Soil classified two order Entisols and Aridisols in two sub order fluvents and salids great groups in three great group Torrifluvents, Aquisalids and Haplosalids in five subgreat group of typic Torrifluvents, Aquic torrifluvent, typic Haplosalids, typic Aquisalids and calcids Aquisalids.
geographic information system (GIS)
Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW)
Fuzzy Logic
Land suitability
2016
03
01
26
35
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_1919_0e4c8adac817da07d319bfa9dede9c95.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Solubility and Availability of Heavy Metals in Soils as Affected by Compost Amendment
Mohamed
L. Moharem
The effect of agriculture solid waste compost on the availability of native and spiked Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn in three different soils was evaluated. The three soils were spiked separately with the metals at concentration of 800 mg kg soil-1 and amended with three rates of the compost (0, 3, and 6 %-w/w). The mixtures of soil-compost were allowed to age at room temperature for 30 and 90 days. After each period, they were extracted for readily soluble and exchangeable (2.5% acetic acid), available (DTPA), and bound to organic matter (sodium pyrophosphate) metal species. Addition of compost generally reduced the extractability of the soluble and exchangeable forms of all native and spiked metals. This effect was directly related to the amount of added compost and increased with ageing time. The potentially plant-available Cd and Cu extracted with DTPA were generally reduced with increasing additions of compost and incubation time. There was increase of sodium pyrophosphate extractable Cd and Cu as a result of compost amendment and incubation time increase. Conversely, recovery of Zn in DTPA-extract was larger with increasing both compost and incubation period whereas Ni remained invariant with compost additions with slightly decrease in metal solubility during aging. The obtained results suggest that soil amendment with compost-organic matter may accelerate the immobilization of native and spiked heavy metals in soils due to reducing readily soluble and exchangeable all metals in addition to reducing possible plant uptake of- at least- Cd and Cu.
Solubility
Heavy metals
compost
Incubation time
2016
03
01
36
44
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_1920_901da6e4a798957c639dfcb4afebc1bd.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Assessment of Silicon Status in Calcareous Soils of Banger Elsokkar Region, Egypt
Hoda
A.Argeaa
Maher
G. Nasseem
Hoda
A.Mahmoud
Magda
A.Hussein
There are a few studies present silicon status in Egyptian soils. Hence this study was initiated with the objective of understanding Si status in calcareous soils of Banger Elsokkar region, Egypt. Twenty six soil samples were collected from 3 villages of the region to cover 810.37 hectare. Total Si and fractions were determined. The results revealed that total Si ranged from311.2 to 5760.0 mg Si kg-1soil. The highest concentration was found in the coarse textured soils. Also, sand, silt and clay contents are more effective in contribution to total Si content. The classification technique of manual, which was introduced by Arc GIS software, decided to classify the area into 6 zones and the dominant total Si class was 3001 to 4000 mg Si kg-1 soil covered about 43% of the area followed by the class 2001 to 3000 mg Si kg-1 soil and covered 30 % of the area. The results of sequential extraction indicated that most of the Si was mobile which represents 35.69 % of the total. Also, the classification technique of manual, which was introduced by Arc GIS software, decided to classify the area into 6 zones and the dominant mobile Si class was 1001 to 1500 mg kg-1 soil covered about 43.7 % of the total area followed by the class 800 to 1000 mg kg-1 soil and covered 31.7 % of the total area. The amorphous fraction was the lower level and represented 5.38 % of the total Si. The results also, indicated that about 11.36 % of total Si is bound in primary and secondary silicates.
amorphous
Fraction
mobile
Total Si
sequential extraction
2016
03
01
45
53
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_1931_0da6ebca621409f13d1cabc466369edf.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Effect of Bed Width and Hill Spacing on Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet under Newly Reclaimed Soils
Sahar
F.T. Ghaly
EL-Araby
S.R. Salem
This work aims to investigate the effect of bed width and hill spacing on growth, productivity and quality traits of sugar beet. In order to achieve such a purpose two field experiments were conducted at two successive seasons (2012/2013 and 2013/2014) in Nubaria Research Station, EL-Behera Governorate, Egypt to study the effect of three bed width (80,100 and 120 cm) and three hill spacing (15, 20 and 25 cm) on growth, yield and quality traits of sugar beet, (Kawamera variety). The obtained results indicated that bed width and hill spacing had a significant effect on number of extractable roots/fed, root length and diameter, quality traits of sugar beet, (sucrose%, sugar recovery%, quality index, potassium, sodium and α-N contents as mill equivalent/100 gm beet) and root and recoverable sugar yields /fed. It can be concluded that, bed width 80 cm with hill spacing 20 cm achieved the highest values of root and recoverable sugar yields (33.280 and 4.699 ton/fed, respectively). Sugar beet (Kawamera variety) grown in row ridges or beds systems gave the highest values of root length and diameter, root weight, sucrose% and quality index as well as root and recoverable sugar yields/fed. Such results may be due to decrease plant stand and in turn decreased the competition between sugar beet plants and availed more light, nutrients and water which encouraged the vegetative growth and consequently, resulted big roots, which may be with higher moisture content. These results reflect the negative correlation between root size and gross sugar content. In addition, the results showed that, the impurities (K, Na and α-amino N contents) decreased with increasing plant density (bed width and hill spacing).
Sugar beet
bed width
hill spacing
Root yield
Sugar content
recoverable sugar
K
Na and αamino N contents and plant density
2016
03
01
54
63
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_1935_443c19548181d531343659d358bdeba0.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Forecasting of Groundwater Salinity Changes and Yield of Some Crops by Integration of Time Series Analysis and GIS at Wadi El-Natrun Area, Egypt
Aggag
A .M
Wadi El-Natrun region has recently undergone extensive urban and agricultural expansion. The main water resource for irrigation in this region is the groundwater aquifer. Extensive use of the aquifer water could cause a shortage in water storage and secondary salinization for this water, and a crop yield reduction. So, the objective of this study is to set efficient strategy to ensure long-term sustainability of the region’s agricultural production. The electrical conductivity (EC) database of the baseline period (1966-2014), for twenty-seven wells of Wadi El-Natrun, were used to apply the time series statistical analysis to forecast EC data of the future period (2015-2050). Multitemporal forecasted EC data was used to classify the groundwater, detect the annual and periodical changes of groundwater salinity, and determine the periodical and annual water potential risk to salinity hazards. The results of the forecasted EC data indicated that the category of very salty groundwater dominated in the northern sector, while the moderately salty and salty groundwater categories dominated in the southern sector. The annual changes of groundwater salinity increased through the period of 2015-2050. The increase ranged from 0.95% to 1.35% with annual mean of 1.13% for the southern and northern sectors. The forecasted EC and an innovative and interpretative scale were conducted to estimate the periodical (PPRSH) and annual (APRSH) water potential risk to salinity hazard of the future period (2015-2050). The results indicated that the classes of no risk and moderately potential risk were dominant in the southern and northern sectors. Regarding the crop yield, in 1966, about 68.80% of the area under investigation produced 100% of citrus yield and 30.62% of area produced from 75 to 99% of the yield, while 89.9% of area produces 100% of tomato yield and 10.1 % of area produce between 75 to 99% of yield. Based on the forecasted groundwater salinity in 2050, the area of 100% of citrus production will be reduced to 1.41% and 52.64% of the area will produce less than 75%. At the same time, 16.44% of the area become out of citrus production. The area of 100% of tomato production will be reduced to 27.3% and 38.15% of the area will produce less than 50%.
Forecast
Groundwater
salinity
time series analysis
water potential risk to salinity hazard
2016
03
01
64
75
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_1940_6123fec7375625e44d796bad033064ad.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Mean Performance and Genetic Variability of some Grain Quality Characteristics of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Khaled
M.H.Abd-El Salam
Medhat
A.E.El-Dalil
Eman
K.E.Abd El Ghany
The main objectives of the present study were to determine the mean performance and genetic variability of grain quality characteristics for some Egyptian rice cultivars during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Certified seeds of nineteen rice cultivars; namely, Sakha 101, Sakha 102, Sakha 103, Sakha 104, Sakha 105, Sakha 106, Giza 159, Giza 171, Giza 172, Giza175, Giza 176 and Giza 177, as short grain, while, Giza 178, Giza 179, Hybrid 1 and Hybrid 2 as medium grain,on the other hand, Giza 181, Giza 182 and Egyptian Yasmin as long grain were tested. The results showed significant differences among cultivars for most studied characters. The highest values for gel consistency (GC), 1000-grain weight, water uptake, gelatinization temperature (GT), grain width, grain thickness, protein content, hulling and milling characters were noticed for short grain cultivars in both study seasons while, the highest values for broken %, elongation %, amylose content %, grain shape and grain length were recorded with long grain cultivars in both seasons. Among the studied characters, all traits had high heritability values and ranged from 81.25 to 99.85%. this indicates that the characteristics are not influenced by environmental factors and could be successfully inherited to the next generations. Different values of correlation coefficients between the studied traits were estimated. In general most studied characters showed significant correlation between each other in both study seasons.
grain quality characters
heritability
Egyptian rice cultivars
Oryza sativa L
2016
03
01
76
84
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_1946_301d8894ee643198d65e01ba8482c3b9.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Pesticide Formulations as a Key Factor Affecting Chlorpyrifos-Ethyl and Lambda-Cyhalothrin Performance against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)
Abdel-fattah
S. A. Saad
El-Sayed
H. M. Tayeb
Ahmed
E. M. Omar
El-sayed
M. Farag
Ayat
F. M. Shams
Formulation is a term used in various senses in various applications, and its fundamental meaning is the putting together of components in an appropriate relationships or structures, according to a formula. Several prepared formulations for chlorpyrifos-ethyl and lambdacyhalothrin as Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) formulation were subjected to WHO chemical tests to find out which formulation is matching the requirements. The physicochemical properties of the standard commercial formulation versus the prepared formulation were determined. The emulsion stability test was determined according to WHO specification method. Besides, the determination of free acidity and alkalinity as well as, viscosity and surface tension. The results of emulsion stability test indicated that the ml separation in the prepared formulation of chlorpyrifos was 0.1 ml cream after 1 hr in the case of hard water and 0.9 ml in soft water for chlorpyrifos 48% + Calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (CaDBS) 2.6% + Triton X-100 2.4% (F1) compared to < 0.1 ml and < 0.3 ml in hard and soft water respectively in the second formulation which consists of chlorpyrifos 48% + dodecyl benzene sulfonate (CaDBS) 2.8% + Triton X-100 2.2% (F2).The most successful prepared formulation was (F3) which consists of chlorpyrifos 48% + Calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (CaDBS) 3% + Triton X-100 2% with < 0.05 ml in both hard and soft water. While the ml separation in the commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos was 0.1 ml in hard water and 0.2 ml in soft water. The cream separation in emulsion stability test of prepared formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin was not observed after 1 hr in both hard and soft water for lambda-cyhalothrin 5% + dodecyl benzene sulfonate (CaDBS) 1.8% + Triton X-100 3.2% (F1) so it was the most successful prepared formulation compared to 0.9 ml in hard water and 0 ml in soft water in the second formulation which consists of lambda-cyhalothrin 5% + dodecyl benzene sulfonate (CaDBS) 2% + Triton X-100 3% (F2). While the ml separation in the commercial formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin was 0.4 ml cream + 0.3 ml oil in hard water and 0.7 ml cream + 0.2 ml oil in soft water. The most successful formulations were tested against susceptible and field strains of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). The efficiency of the two prepared formulations were determined; in comparison with the standard (commercial) formulations of chlorpyrifos-ethyl and lambda-cyhalothrin respectively, against the susceptible and field strains of S. littoralis (Boisd.). Also, the effect of adding the synergist (Sylgard 309®) to each treatment was determined. In the susceptible strain after 48 hours bioassay; LC50 value for the prepared formulation of chlorpyrifos was10.12 ppm and after adding Sylgard 309® the result was found to be 7.14 ppm, while LC50 values for its commercial formulation alone and/or with Sylgard 309® were 13.74 and 9.61 ppm, respectively. LC50value for the prepared formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin was 85.70 ppm; after adding Sylgard 309® became 68.34 ppm, while LC50 for the commercial formulation of lambdacyhalothrin alone and/or with Sylgard 309® were 152.54 and 108.52 ppm, respectively. In the field strain after 48 hours bioassay; LC50 value for the prepared formulation of chlorpyrifos was 17.89 ppm, but with the addition of Sylgard 309®the result showed a magnificent effect as of 13.77 ppm. For its commercial formulation only and/or in addition to Sylgard 309® LC50 values were found to be 163.19 and 154.28 ppm respectively. LC50 value for the prepared formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin was 1212.62 ppm; with the addition of Sylgard 309® was slightly decreased to 1208.23 ppm, while LC50values for the commercial formulation only and/or in addition to Sylgard 309® were 1925.87 and 1914.77 ppm, respectively. The calculation of Resistance Factor (RF) after 48 hours bioassay revealed that the field strain compared to the susceptible one of S. littoralis showed a real case of resistance to both of the commercial formulations of chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin while the prepared formulations of each showed either the natural tolerance or the vigor tolerance case, in respect.
Pesticide formulation
chlorpyrifos-ethyl
lambda-cyhalothrin
Spodoptera littoralis
2016
03
01
85
94
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_1947_f9b3b473fcfab086879d198355bcdb8a.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Life Stresses Facing the Working Wife and Her Coping Strategies in Relation to the Family Stability
Tagreed
S.A. Barakaat
Rasha
R.M. Mansour
Egyptian wife performs multiple roles in life to settle oasis of hopes and prosperities for her family. The current study assumes that such roles are probably the roots of the family stability. Life stresses facing the wife probably have negative impacts on the family stability. Also, her coping strategy is probably figured out through her social participations beside of the economic status of the family. To test these hypotheses, 400 wives having children and their husbands were still alive were taken into a descriptive analytical study. Three scales were used in the current study i.e. (a) family stability scale consisting of 3 subscales (spousal support, belonging and safety), (b) stresses scale comprising 4 subscales (social, job, and economical stresses beside the psychosomatic disorders), and (c) coping strategies scale consisting of one problem-focused coping strategies (active coping), and three emotional-focused coping strategies (seeking for emotional social support, or escape-avoidance or anger feelings). Results showed that (1) family stability was significantly affected by the wife’s feelings of stress (2) Active coping was the most significant strategy used in facing job problems. On the other hand, seeking emotional social support was the most significant strategy used for facing social and economical stress beside psychosomatic disorder (3) Strategies of seeking for emotional social support or anger feelings recorded the highest significant correlations with the family income, while strategies of “active coping” or escape avoidance” recorded the highest significant correlations with residence (urban-countryside) and the type of family (extended-nuclear family) through the roles expected of the Egyptian wife.
family stability
Stress
Coping strategies
socioeconomic status
working wife
2016
03
01
1
21
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_153986_7fb4bb466e8200073f1bd81cc9246b37.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Economic Re-Allocation of Egyptian Imports from The Most Important Oilseed Crops
Yasmen
S.Abd El-Razek
The oilseed Considers main source of food for vegetable oils used in the human diet and upon which many an industry vegetable margarine, paints, cosmetics and some medical industries and inks used in the printing industry, also contains vegetable oil needed for the human body, which the body cannot composition of essential fatty acids inside, it is also considered an important source of some fat-soluble vitamins, as well as economically important role both at the level of the agricultural sector or national level. The research problem in the domestic production shortfall of oil to meet the growing food needs years of seeds a year later, leading to a widening gap between production and consumption, and to fill this gap the state to resort to imports from abroad, where the volume of Egyptian imports of oilseeds in 2013 about 889.9 thousand tons the value of imports of oilseeds for the same year amounted to about 6101.63 million pounds, and in light of the high cost of imports as a result of rising world prices for vegetable oils, this increases the burden on the balance of trade and increases the deficit in the balance of payments, where the deficit reached about 256.12 billion pounds in 2013 . The results showed that the global Egyptian imports of sunflower seed are concentrated in four states accounted for about 99.95% of the total amount of Egyptian imports from sunflower, amounting to about 382.43 thousand tons, and accounted for about 99.9% of the total value of Egyptian imports sunflower, amounting to about 3664.40 million pounds during the study period average. Two models have been the work of each crop the first model was left of imported quantities are distributed among exporting countries for crop study by the least expensive, the second model was the disposal of the countries that increases the price of imports where the average price of imports during the average period (2010-2013) and of about 9, 58 thousand pounds per ton of sunflower and 4.95 thousand pounds per ton of soybeans during the average study period. By studying the two models for each crop it has been reached that the second model of the minimization of the value of imports of sunflower models is the best model, where the results are consistent with the results of the competitive advantage of price where it was eliminated top nations in the price of imports as it was investigating provided high than achieved by the first model and thus reduce the deficit in the cash balance of trade for up to 209963 pounds. It turns out that the second model of the models the low value of imports for soybeans is the best model where results are consistent with the results of the competitive advantage of price where it was disposed of top countries in the rate of import have also been reduced imports from Brazil have been increasing the amount of imports from Canada, where it has the highest price a competitive advantage in market sphincter, as it was investigating what is achieved by providing a high first model and thus deficit in the trade balance of cash to reduce up to 209 263 million pounds.
2016
03
01
22
32
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_153987_38a7b2d63af4c4a023a2634e964c3058.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Food Security indicators For Grain in Egypt
Ahmed
A. Elrasoul
Abd Elattif
Alkak
Mounira
Alhazek
Asmaa
M.Abdel Moez
The search deals with the study of food security indicators for grains including wheat, white rice and corn One of these indicators sufficiently index or abundance that study production and imports from abroad and the adequacy of production for consumption And the adequacy of imports for consumption and The study access index, including the policies and procedures followed by the state to get individuals the bread this support policy and the stability index that deal with Strategic stock for wheat and the price of wholesale and Consumer price for wheat and nutritional index and deal with the per capita of person from food Search adopted in achieving its objectives on each of the Descriptive economic analysis and statistical analysis
Adequacy of production for consumption period=total local production/daily local consumption
The period of coverage imports for consumption=total imports/ daily local consumption
The most important results
. It was addressed to the adequacy of the out put for consumption for both wheat, white rice, corn, reached respectively215, 478.95, 544.68, day.
. Adequacy imports period for consumption for both wheat, white rice, corn, reached respectively 168.94, 2.35, 208.94 day لا
Average total support about 40.60 billion pounds during the study period (1995-2012)Take an significant ascending time direction Average food support about 10.60 billion pounds during the study period (1995-2012) Take an significant ascending time direction by significant annual growth rate of 0.196%.
It is clear that the average support of subsidies 3.98 billion pounds during the study period (1995-2012)) Take an significant ascending time direction by significant annual growth rate about 0.162%
Average support a loaf of bread about 6..62 billion pounds during the study period (1996-2012) by annual growth rate significantly 0.166%
Average wheat stocks the first period respectively about 1575.94, thousand tons during the study period (1996-2012) by annual growth rate significantly 0.019 respectively
It is clear that the average stock first period for White rice 51.4thousand tons during the study period (1996-2012) decreased at an annual rate significantly about -0.181% respectively
It is clear that the average stock first period for maize 17.7 thousand tons during the study period (1996-2012) decreased at an annual rate significantly about -0.052%, respectively.
2016
03
01
33
46
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_153988_0ad74c4ffe2047b5e7f5f76078b9c9a9.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Economic Re-Allocation Forthe Use of Chemical Fertilizers in The Egyptian Agriculture
Yasmen
S. Abd El- Razek
Abd El-Naby
Ebed
Mohamed
H. Elmahy
Mohamed
A.desok
Maii
F.elghaweet
It considers chemical fertilizers of important strategic industries close due to its relation to food production, in addition to being one of the main factors of production in the Egyptian agriculture, as they are influential and effective role in agricultural development to make it one of the key factors to increase agricultural production in the vertical direction to the face of limited planting areas, and is a problem Find the increase in production costs as a result of excessive use of fertilizers in agriculture in Egypt, in addition to higher prices recently due to higher energy prices, hence the importance of research in order to minimize the use of these fertilizers, which help to solve the former problem is displayed in addition to achieve dimensional Nile implications to increase wasteful in their use. Research aimed to identify the parameters and indicators of crop structure and the actual most important resources used to produce it on top of chemical fertilizers with both old and new lands, in addition to proposing the installation of Mahsouli more satisfactory to minimize needs fertilizer to try to reduce the quantities consumed of these fertilizers in the Egyptian agriculture, rely Find in achieving its objectives on Use descriptive economic method by identifying the milestones and indicators of crop structure-based, in addition to the quantitative economic method of using linear programming method to minimize the needs fertilizer for installation crop quo and using the QSB program, using Palmtoffer and the availability of published and unpublished data and issued by the scientific community. The results showed that the crop structure more appropriate according to the minimization needs fertilizer in the old territory achieves savings in chemical fertilizers reached about 20.14 thousand tons Accordingly, this model achieves the objective, which is to minimize the needs fertilizer so as to achieve total net higher than the actual counterpart dividend by 845, 2 million pounds as also achieved a saving valuable employment amounted to about 33.12 million workers represent about 5.1% of the total used in the installation actual crop, as well as the crop structure more appropriate to achieve the minimization of water needs where he achieved a saving estimated at 150.6 million m3 account for about 0.56% of the total water needs of the crop actual installation. The results showed that the crop structure more appropriate according to the minimization needs fertilizing in the new territories to achieve savings in chemical fertilizers reached about 5 tons Accordingly, this model achieves the objective, which is to minimize the needs fertilizer, also achieves total net higher than the actual counterpart yield increased by 329 million pounds also, also achieved savings in employment of about 12 million workers represent about 8.2% of the total used in the actual installation crop, also achieved savings in water needs amounted to approximately 26.6 million m 3 represents about 1.15% of the total water needs of the crop composition actual. The results showed that the crop structure more appropriate in the old and new territories has achieved savings of resources used to produce the result that in addition to the agricultural sector indirectly is to increase the floor area where the increase in net revenue resulted in the addition patch ground is estimated at about 207 thousand acres, savings also led in employment to add a patch ground is estimated at about 502 thousand acres, while Ade Aalover in the total water resources of chemical fertilizers to add a patch ground is estimated at about 193.78 thousand acres for each of them, respectively, and this means that the crop structure more appropriate to add 980 thousand acre if they are directed to the cultivation of strategic crops with low self-sufficiency will lead to reduce the amount of imports from the country, which is reflected on the deficit reduction in the Egyptian trade balance.
2016
03
01
47
69
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_153992_5f1a3d705959d56a989929a00275a614.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Factor Analysis of Training Transfer System in Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University
Magdy
A. Khattab
Mohamed
F. Elshazly
Elsawy
M. Anwer
Mohamed
S. Saleh
The central purpose of this study was to identify the critical factors and variables which playing an important role in the transfer of training by faculty members and teaching and research assistants of the Faculty of Agriculture of Alexandria University. The specific objectives were to: (1) Determine to what extent the respondents agree about the selected statements related to their transfer of knowledge and skills included in the offered training programs to the Faculty of Agriculture while conducting their work duties. (2) Determine the critical factors and variables affecting the training transfer process by using the factor analysis method. The necessary data were collected from a systematic random sample by using an objective type questionnaire on April, May, and June 2015 through interviewing 150 respondents, representing 65% of the total faculty members and teaching and research assistants who attended training programs. The statistical analysis of data was accomplished by using percentages, range, arithmetic means, standard deviation, and factor analysis method. The findings indicated clearly that 32.9% and 34.5% of the respondents were agreed and disagreed, respectively, about the selected training transfer statements. This apparently reflects a greater attention should be given to find out practical approaches which allow for increased opportunities for more effective and appropriate transfer of training. Factor analysis pointed out that two factors could explain 64.03% of the total variance, namely: technical and psychological support of training programs and work environment support.
factor analysis
transfer of training
training programs
work environment
2016
03
01
70
83
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154007_4e4d3e743e8271d3deed2df280fbb762.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Economic Planning for Using Treated Wastewater to Development the Desert Surrounded
Mohamed
M. Elmahy
Abd Elattif
A. Elkak
Aon
kh. Aon
Tarek
M.M. Abasi
Sayaf
I. A.Morsi
The idea of this research flow up to reuse the treated wastewater establish green forests in the desert surrounded on the Egyptian cities and governorates, to face the climate changes and get benefits of wood and oils outputs which used to Improver to fuel of plane's engines, so it can be add new green areas using treated Wastewater, The study reached some of results that may be used to get some of the recommendations those are: 1- The treated wastewater in the Egyptian governorates amounted to about 1.66 milliard m3 from 121 sewage stations distributed in all governorates. 2- The desert surrounded areas in the Egyptian governorates reached to about 3.23 million acres, after deducting 20% services and roads they become about 2.59 million acres, the research aims to planting tree forests in about 277.2 thousand acres. 3- The cost of treated wastewater mentioned in (1) is about 23 LE million, in addition to the forests establish costs may reach about 2 LE milliard and operating cost of about 740 LE millions, if they done as the proposal. 4- The total areas allocated for planting woody forests are approximately 277.23 thousand acres 5- The woody output estimated at about 5.07 m3 million, estimated at about 4.4 LE milliard per year. 6- The total area allocated for planting Acacia, Jojoba and Jatropha trees those produce oil estimated at about 94.24 thousand acres. 7- The oil output Estimated by about 300 thousand tons, valued at about 16.3 milliard pounds. 8- Total revenue of forests in both its wood and oil amounted by about 20.7 LE milliard. 9- The investment costs of forests amounted to about 2.03 LE milliard for the seedlings, agriculture and land processing. 10- The annual operating cost of these forests is about 736 LE million per year. 11- According to ration water forest tree the annual total water needs amounted to about 1.99 m3 milliard annually, while the availability of wastewater amounted to about 1.64 m3 milliard, the difference is estimated at about 350 m3 million, can be get from treat more wastewater.
2016
03
01
84
98
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154009_99503366f50ea073552f3574b1827e09.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Measuring the Impact of the Agricultural Investment on Agricultural Income Growth in Egypt
Olivia
E. Saleh
Abdel
Nabi B.Ebaid
Sameh
M.H. Shihab
Ashraf
M. Elamari
yasmine
M. Abo Eleazid
The purpose of this research is mainly to identify the most important economic variables affecting the private agricultural investment further,ameasure of the impact of the private agricultural investment on agricultural income investment is growth made.More Specifically, the objectives of the study are: (1) To identify the current status of the total agricultural investment on agricultural and investment in Egypt, (2)To measure the impact of economic variables on private agricultural investment in Egypt, (3) To measure the impact of the agricultural investment on agricultural income growth, (4) To identify the most important problems and obstacles facing the private agricultural investment in Egypt. Some of the study results are as follows: (1)Both of the total and private agricultural investmentsare found to be declining by annual rates of 9.4% and 13.74%, respectively, during the study period 2000-2013. This result is found to be statistically significant at the 1% level. (2) The average shares of the private agricultural investment and the public one are set at 61.32% and 37.29%, respectively, of the total agricultural investments during the study period. (3) The most prominent economic factors affecting private agricultural investments are agricultural loans, agricultural domestic product, and average agricultural wages. These three variables explain about 91% of the variations in private agricultural investments during the study period. And (4) the study emphasized the significance of the positive impact of the private agricultural investments on promoting the growth rate of the agricultural sector. Accordingly, the study recommends the following: (1) the Government of Egypt must show some flexibility when dealing with investment issues (obtaining licenses and having coordinationamongst governmental entities concerned with agricultural investment). (2) Information and data must be availed to investors to enable them to make decent and correct investment decisions. (3) Facilitating the process of loan acquisition, both short and long-term loans. In addition, simplification of collaterals is a must to increase investment incentives. (4) More emphasis should be directed to improving the infrastructure, particularly those in the newly-developed regions for the sake of promoting agricultural investments. And (5) working on availing and designing agricultural investment maps to display to investors the available investment priorities, locations of proper investments, and regions most suitable for agricultural investments.
(Agricultural Investment
Agricultural income
economic development
National Income)
2016
03
01
99
108
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Range Needs of Wheat Farmers to the New Agricultural Knowledge Technology Concerning Improving the Productivity and Specifications of Wheat in West Nubaria Area in El-Beheira Governorate
Ahmed
M. A. Ghozlan
This research is mainly to determine Range Needs of Wheat Farmers to the New Agricultural Knowledge technology Concerning Improving the Productivity and Specifications of Wheat, and then determine to what range can help agricultural extension devices to raise the level of cognitive in this regard, as well as to determine the relative importance of the problems hinder wheat farmers increase their knowledge on the subject of interest. It was necessary, using survey data collection by personal interview of research random sample of wheat farmers in the villages of Imam Malik, and friend Joseph West Nubaria area Beheira number of vocabulary 298 respondents representing 24% of the overall research. It is analytical and descriptive statistical level of knowledge needs to study wheat farmers regarding the application of modern agricultural technology recommendations for improving the productivity of wheat and specifications, has learned a large number of research results that have been invoked in the recommendations and the most important are: 1- Show through the using of standard grades measure the level of knowledge that the majority of wheat farmers surveyed people with cognitive level is low and the level of the average rate of about 63.0%, with respect to the application of agro-technological recommendations modern needed to improve wheat and specifications productivity, and thus the severity of cognitive their needs related to in this regard. 2- Show the high proportion of wheat farmers of respondents who do not know all of the technological recommendations agricultural modern needed to improve wheat productivity and specifications, they have accounted for about 49.3%, as well as having deficiencies in knowledge on a number of recommendations to the farmers who have a good knowledge of those recommendations in the study, and who do not exceed their percentage only about 50.7% of the total respondents wheat farmers. 3- Show through the using of standard shoot-grading of the need for cognitive, that the highest value reflects the level Needing cognitive wheat farmers respondents regarding the application of agro-technological recommendations modern needed to improve wheat productivity and specifications is 45 degrees, and the minimum value is zero degrees, was the distribution of the respondents according to the levels their need Cognitive into three classes: Class Needing low cognitive, accounting for about 5%, and middle-class Needing cognitive, accounting for about 28.8%, and finally the category Mrtfie Needing cognitive, accounting for about 66.2%. 4- In light of the results of statistical analysis and quantitative it turned out to be the most important variables influencing the level of knowledge needs to respondents regarding the application of agro-technological recommendations modern needed to improve wheat productivity and specifications are: willingness to change and accept new ideas, and the acreage under wheat, the average acre productivity. And then these variables should be of interest and the focus of agricultural extension programs, which directs toward wheat farmers and aimed at raising their level of cognitive regard to the recommendations in the study work. Show through the using of standard shoot-grades that the most important problems that hamper the wheat farmers Almibhothin increase their knowledge regarding the application of agro-technological recommendations modern needed to improve wheat productivity and specifications according to their answers on the overall standings countdown follows: low price of wheat and the volatility of its price, high production and water scarcity input prices Traders, brokers and control in prices, after the market for the production places, high agricultural labor and scarcity wages and lack of productivity, high cost and the lack of means of transport, and Qsourodaf agricultural extension device, which ranged from the relative importance of grades shootout between 36.2% to 3.6%).
2016
03
01
109
120
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154011_d78a6047df86bb92f643d3515242afb2.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Fish Catch and its Economics in the Southern Part of the Egyptian Red Sea Fisheries
Samy
M. Abou EL.enin
Sherif
A. Fattouh
Mahmoud
K. Ahmad
The Red Sea is a major natural fishery resource in Egypt. It supplies the country by wide variety of economically variable fish species is shallow and deep water. Shallow waters fishing grounds (50-100 meter depth) represent about 40 percent of the total national fishing grounds, Mid-Water fisheries represents about 25 percent and more deep waters represents about 15 percent. Trawl-nets, seine-nets and long-lines dominate the fishing activities. There are some less important fishing Trawl net is mainly used in Suez Gulf, long-lines is dominated in the other Egyptian Red Sea course it contributes over 48 percent of the Egyptian Red Sea catch. The main objectives of the study are: 1- To estimate annual rate of the growth of total fish catch from the Egyptian Red Sea Fisheries. 1- To identify the relative importance of each of fish landing centers in and out of Suez Gulf. 2- To identify the catch composition by different fish species and gear classes. 3- To measure the economic efficiency of each of motor and un-motor fishing boots, particularly in the far southern part of Abo-Ramada and Shelateen. 4- To identify problems and the existing constraints facing fishery developments in the far southern parts of the Egypt. Results of the Study reveal that the estimated annual rate of fish catch from the total Egyptian red sea fisheries is decreasing. The study investigated as well a group of problems and constraints. However the southern part of fisheries in Abo Ramad and Shelateen are Promising, the study results revealed the high economic viability of fishing boots performances in their parts. Several recommendations has been reached in the study.
2016
03
01
121
137
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154012_e5061d91ce4d841f62012082267dd74a.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Effect of GA3 on Germination Characteristics and Seedling Growth under Salt Stress Conditions in Maize (Zea mays L)
Fatma
A. Faraj
Ahmed
S.Buhedma
An experiment was conducted in Cereal Technology Lab-Faculty of Agriculture– Omar, ELMokhtar University- A factorial experiment was conducted according to completely randomize design with three replications, during 2015 season with two factors in order to study the effect of soaking seeds in gibberellic acid on germination and growth of seedling maize (v. 310) under salt stress conditions. First treatment was soaked seeds in 500 ppm gibberllic acid for 24 hours Vs non soaked. Second treatment was different concentration of NaCl (zero, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000 ppm). The results showed the superiority of seeds soaked in gibberellic acid in giving faster germination start, the highest percentage of germination, fresh and dry weight seedling vigor, seedling length and chlorophyll content, As for the concentrations of NaCl, the planting media distilled water (Control) gave the lowest averages for faster start while low germination percentage was noticed when the concentrations of NaCl increased. The results also showed significant interaction effect between soaked treatment in gibberellic acid and NaCl concentration in most treatments. Increasing sodium chloride concentration in germination media greatly reduced germination percentage and seed germination completely inhibited at 9000 ppm NaCl. The results of this study recommend soaking maize seeds in 500 ppm gibberellic acid for 24 hours before planting, especially in salt affected soils.
salinity
seed vigor
Germination time
gibberellic acid
Zea mays L
2016
03
01
138
145
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154013_612ddabdc54c9ae65e373fc3d5c45b5a.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Effect of Organic and Mineral Fertilization on Some Soil Properties and Certain Nutrients Content of Corn (Sorghum Bicolor L)
Najeeb
M. H. ALmagrebi
To study the effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on some soil properties and nutrients content of corn. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in the winter season of 2013 at the Department of Soil and Environment - Faculty of Agriculture - University of Khartoum – Sudan. the treatments included solid organic fertilizers (OS), organic liquid fertilizer (OL), urea (U), 0.50% composts solid + 50% urea (OSU), 0.50% composted organic liquid + 50% urea (OLU) and control (C) without the addition of fertilizers with the exception of phosphate fertilizer. The results showed that urea application increase significantly soil nitrogen content up to 18.3%, also led to significant increase in P content of the soil, and available K, and significant increase in plant content of N, P, K and Na compared to control. Composite application led to significant increase in soil organic matter, and a significant increase in plant content of P, K, Ca, Mg, Na compared to control. While adding organic liquid fertilizer led to a significant increase in soil organic matter up to 34%, and to a significant increase in the soil content of soluble Mg, and Na. and a significant increase in plant nitrogen content compared to the control. The addition of 50% of the fertilizer compost + 50% of urea fertilizer led to a significant increase in the soil content of total N, available P, soluble Ca, Mg, Na, and to a significant increase in E.C. and a significant increase in plant content of NPK and Na compared to the control.
2016
03
01
146
157
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154014_467f5459ce21d83f3906f61119c12ca2.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Some Variables Related to Mental Health of Rural Girls in Amriya District Alexandria Governorate
Hayam
M. A. Hassieb
Marwa
M. Anwar
This research amied to study some variables related to mental health of rural girls in Amriya distrit- Alexandria governorate. The study was carried out through achieving the following sub- goal: Assessing some characteristics of the respondents. Measuring the mental health level of the respondents. Studying the correlation between some independent variables and mental Health level. Data were collected by questionnaire through personal interviews with a random sample consisting of 150 rural girls from some villages in Alexandria governorate. Alpha chroni bach factor, pearson correlation, chisquare, multiple regression models, and percentages were used in analyzing the data. The results indicated the following: 1. Mental Health level of respondents was medium (82%)but was low and high for 10.7%, 7.3% of respondents,respectively. 5. There was a positive significant relation between socialization style, family climate, food habits, general Health level, exposure to the media level, and level of respondent's mental health. 3. According to step- wise multiple regression analysis the style socialization, general health level and exposure to the medial level together explained about 30,4% of variances in the level of respondent's mental health.
2016
03
01
158
176
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154015_8d97d95d2e9ecb6f5b00337473565072.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
A Biological Study of Grape Role in Decreasing the Risk of Cardiovascular diseases
Abeer
Kh. Alansari
Hassan
A. El-Hendy
Soad
Sh. Ali
The high blood cholesterol is one of the reasons that increase the risk of heart disease, particularly atherosclerosis. This search aimed to study the effect of red grapes that rich with antioxidant for prevention of the dangers of high cholesterol in rats. The research sample included 24 adult healthy male rat. The samples were divided into four equal group. The first group was fed on a standard diet (control negative) and the second group was fed on a high cholesterol and fat diet (control positive); while the third and fourth groups took the control positive diet with the addition of grape juice as an alternative to drinking water by 50% and 100% respectively for 13 weeks. Blood lipid was determined and Histological study was done to the aorta, the data was statistically analyzed. The results showed that the grape juice decreased fat content in the blood and the aorta. The study recommended to intake grape juice as an antioxidant for the prevention of severity of vascular disease.
2016
03
01
177
190
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154016_9502b05889612226c4250f746b67c57a.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Effect of Different Ratio of Blended Cotton Fabrics Lycra on Sewing Quality
Wesam
M. Mohamed
, Fatma
M. Abd El-hamed
The research aims to analyze the types of Lycra fibers and different ratios mixed with cotton fabrics, Identify of the effect of different mixing ratios Lycra fibers on the physical and mechanical properties of cotton fabrics, Identify the most important problems facing the garment manufacturers of Cotton blended fabrics Lycra, and put some proposals to address the problems which faced the production of ready made garments of Cotton blended fabrics Lycra different mixing ratios, Identify physical and mechanical properties affecting the sewing quality of Cotton blended fabrics Lycra different mixing ratios, measure the impact of variables (Material-stitches-density of sewing thread) on the sewing quality of Cotton blended fabrics Lycra different mixing ratios,the research sample consisting of four types of Cotton blended fabrics Lycra different mixing ratios (Polyester/Lycra,Cotton/Lycra) mixing ratios in the weft thread (10%,15%) and mixing ratios in the warp thread (100% Cotton), research tools Included testing laboratory of the properties of physical and mechanical of Cotton blended fabrics Lycra, also included questionnaire addressed to manufacturers of ready made garments from Cotton blended fabrics Lycra to identify its sewing problems One of the main search results there is an indication moral effect mixing Lycra cotton blended fabrics of the research agents (Stitch type, Sewing thread Count) on the seam strength, it became clear that seam stitch 301 Ls was the best of the stitches on the study in terms of the seam strength, and Sewing thread Count was the best with 30/3, It is also One of the main search results there is an indication moral effect mixing Lycra cotton blended fabrics of the research agents (Stitch type, Sewing thread Count) on the seam slippage, it became clear that seam stitch 301 Ss was the best of the stitches on the study in terms of the seam slippage, and Sewing thread Count was the best with 30/3. One of the main recommendations of the study to take advantage of the search results in the field of ready made garment industry to improve the quality of final products from Cotton blended fabrics Lycra by identifying the best stitch type and the best sewing thread Count, Deepen and broaden the studies in the direction of seam quality in order to confirm the quality standards and access to the required level, And the link between academia and organizations, and between companies and garment factories through research applications to gain access to the best performance of the clothes made of Cotton blended fabrics Lycra.
Fabric
Sewing Quality
Lycra
2016
03
01
191
211
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154017_bc58487ca81431760b6d84fa03434252.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
The Effects of Exchange Rate Policy on Investments in Libya
Abdalla
Abdalla.I.Nor Al-DeenI.Nor Al-Deen
Abdalla.I.Nor Al-Deen
The aim of this study was focusing on estimating the real exchange rate for Libyan Dinar and estimating the real investment function. We have used data for foreign trade in order of estimating real exchange rate, with addition of another economics variables included general level of prices and money supply (MS1). In both functions we have adopted Partial Adjustment Model(PAM) for determine and estimation. For real exchange rate we have used the period extended from (1970 to 2010) due of data lack, on the other hand for real investment function estimation we hade take the period from (1970 to 2006) where the data was available. The results of estimation have revealed that in the long run the real exchange rate will play good role for escalating foreign investments, that because the model have show high value of long run elasticity. In the meanwhile, all the economic variables have been used in estimations has been found significant and consisted with economic theory.
2016
03
01
212
228
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154018_3eb2c46b1e62991c93c9115eb824bee6.pdf
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
1110-0176
2016
37
January-March
Economic Study for Production, Marketing and Manufacturing Artichokes in Elbehira Governorate
Tamer
M.Adlan
The main objective of this research is studying production, marketing and manufacturing artichokes crop, This objective includes the following sub-goals : - Study aspects related to the production of artichokes in terms of production costs and the profits made by farmers. - Identify the production and marketing problems for Artichokes crop. - Identify the functions and marketing services performed by marketing intermediaries of artichoke crop, and measure marketing costs, marketing margins and profits of these intermediaries. - Identify the most important methods of manufacturing artichoke and the most important foreign markets for it and the requirements for each market of it. The study show that the productivity of artichoke reached about 26500, 25367 Nora/feddan in case of Self-financing and debt financing, respectively. And the weighted average price of Nora artichoke amounted to about 0.74, 0.62 pounds, respectively. The net return per feddan was about 8282, 11837 pound in case of Self-financing and debt financing, respectively. The results of the study indicate that the profit margin of the brokers who work between farmers and the first manufacturing places of the artichoke Amounted to 0.11 pound/nora. Also I show that the profit margin of the first stage of the artichoke manufacturing reached about 0.33 pounds/ nora of fresh artichoke, 0.27 pounds /nora made in the form of cups, 0.25 pounds /nora made in the form of cut, 0.29 pounds / nora made in disk form.
2016
03
01
229
246
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_154019_3d553fab087bce1389bb798f2ec9347c.pdf