eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-06-30
33
April-June
65
72
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3144
3144
Original Article
Evaluation of Certain Types of Honey, Essential Botanical Oils and Their Mixtures on the Productivity of the Mulberry Silkworm Bombyx Mori L.
تأثير بعض الأعسال والزيوت النباتية وخلائطها على إنتاجية دودة الحرير التوتية
Mona M. Mahmoud
1
H. A. Mesbah
2
Nagda A. A. El–Sayed
3
Sericulture Dept., Plant Protection Res. Institute ARC, Alex., Egypt
Plant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agric., Saba Basha, Alex. Univ., Alex., Egypt
Plant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agric., Saba Basha, Alex. Univ., Alex., Egypt
The present work was initiated to study the effect of supplementing mulberry leaves with different types of honey, essential botanical oils and their tested mixtures at different concentrations on the 5th larval instar of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori L., for improving certain biological and reproductive parameters, in particular, silk and egg production. The results indicated that treatment of mulberry leaves with Fenchone oil at both tested concentrations of 5 and 10mg/100ml water significantly increased the weight of silk gland and cocoon shell in comparison to the other performed treatments. Compared to the untreated control, the evaluated types of honey to more or less extent increased the egg productivity. In this concern, Seder honey followed by Carob honey type gave highest increase over control (43.460 and 42.137%, in respect). Also, admixing Seder honey with Fenchone oil significantly increased the assessed biological and reproductive parameters when compared to the other evaluated honey types/botanical oils mixtures and untreated control.
The present work was initiated to study the effect of supplementing mulberry leaves with different types of honey, essential botanical oils and their tested mixtures at different concentrations on the 5th larval instar of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori L., for improving certain biological and reproductive parameters, in particular, silk and egg production. The results indicated that treatment of mulberry leaves with Fenchone oil at both tested concentrations of 5 and 10mg/100ml water significantly increased the weight of silk gland and cocoon shell in comparison to the other performed treatments. Compared to the untreated control, the evaluated types of honey to more or less extent increased the egg productivity. In this concern, Seder honey followed by Carob honey type gave highest increase over control (43.460 and 42.137%, in respect). Also, admixing Seder honey with Fenchone oil significantly increased the assessed biological and reproductive parameters when compared to the other evaluated honey types/botanical oils mixtures and untreated control.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3144_6dd9dfe0bacb9b262f63e2b1066802ef.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-06-30
33
April-June
73
88
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3145
3145
Original Article
Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in Improving Potato Tuber Quality
دور الهيدروچين بيروکسيد فى تحسين جودة درنات البطاطس
Sameh A.M. Moussa
samehmoussa@yahoo.com
1
Nashwa I. Abo El-Fadl
2
Neveen F. Agamy
3
Sabaheya Horticultural Research station, Horticultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.
Sabaheya Horticultural Research station, Horticultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.
Nutrition Department, Food Analysis Division, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University.
Four potato cultivars were planted during the summer seasons of 2009 and 2010 at Sabaheya Horticultural Research Station, Alexandria governorate, Egypt. The experiments were conducted to study the effect of hydrogen peroxide in increasing the proportion of dry matter in potato tubers which is very important in the production of chips and French fries.The growing plants were sprayed twice a week with hydrogen peroxide in four concentrations (zero, 20, 40 and 60 mM). Tubers’ starch percentage was significantly increased with increasing the hydrogen peroxide up to 60 mM. The highest percentage of tubers’ dry matter was possessed when plants was sprayed with 40 mM of hydrogen peroxide. Parenchyma cell diameter was affected with hydrogen peroxide concentrations, where, the data detected that the ratio of increasing in tuber parenchyma cell diameter reached 9.34% as compared to with non-treated plants. It could be said that spraying hydrogen peroxide on potato plants at the rate of 40 mM had positive effect on potato yield and tubers' dry matter percentage. Sensory evaluation for potato French fries and chips showed that zero and 20 mM of hydrogen peroxide treatments possessed the highest acceptability of the produced French fries and chips. Anushka and Universal potato cultivars were the best for producing French fries at the levels of zero, 20 and 40 mM hydrogen peroxide, while Dora cultivar was elected for producing potato chips at all hydrogen peroxide concentrations.
Four potato cultivars were planted during the summer seasons of 2009 and 2010 at Sabaheya Horticultural Research Station, Alexandria governorate, Egypt. The experiments were conducted to study the effect of hydrogen peroxide in increasing the proportion of dry matter in potato tubers which is very important in the production of chips and French fries.The growing plants were sprayed twice a week with hydrogen peroxide in four concentrations (zero, 20, 40 and 60 mM). Tubers’ starch percentage was significantly increased with increasing the hydrogen peroxide up to 60 mM. The highest percentage of tubers’ dry matter was possessed when plants was sprayed with 40 mM of hydrogen peroxide. Parenchyma cell diameter was affected with hydrogen peroxide concentrations, where, the data detected that the ratio of increasing in tuber parenchyma cell diameter reached 9.34% as compared to with non-treated plants. It could be said that spraying hydrogen peroxide on potato plants at the rate of 40 mM had positive effect on potato yield and tubers' dry matter percentage. Sensory evaluation for potato French fries and chips showed that zero and 20 mM of hydrogen peroxide treatments possessed the highest acceptability of the produced French fries and chips. Anushka and Universal potato cultivars were the best for producing French fries at the levels of zero, 20 and 40 mM hydrogen peroxide, while Dora cultivar was elected for producing potato chips at all hydrogen peroxide concentrations.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3145_e01d0377ebe8b2212509c96699e237d4.pdf
Key words: Potato
Solanum tuberosum
L
Hydrogen Peroxide
parenchyma cells
starch accumulation
potato processing
French frying and potato chips
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-06-30
33
April-June
89
98
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3146
3146
Original Article
Effects of Pesticide Treatments and Sowing Dates on Growth Parameters and Yield of Onion Plant (Allium Cepa L.)
تأثيرات معاملات المبيدات ومواعيد الزراعة على النمو والإنتاج لمحصول البصل
(Allium cepa L.)
Hassan A.I. Salem
1
Agric. Res. Center, Centeral Agric. Pest. Lab., Sabahia Exp. Station, Alexandria, Egypt.
Two field trials were conducted at the newly reclaimed sandy clay loam soil at El-Nubaria region – Alexandria Governorate, A.R.E. in the two successive growing seasons 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 to investigate the effect of three pesticides: insecticide (pirimiphos-methyl), fungicide (metalaxyl) and the herbicide (pendimethalin) combined with two sowing dates, early, mid-Nov. and late date 5th Feb. on some growth characters: i.e., plant height, number of leaves/plant, fresh weight of leaves/plant, dry weight of leaves/plant, average weight of bulb and total yield of onion plant (Allium cepa L.) c.v. Giza 20. The recommended rates of these pesticides were individually applied. The obtained results showed that all the studied parameters were significantly increased with the three pesticides, and pendimethalin was highly effective followed by metalaxyl while pirimiphos-methyl was the least effective. Total yield mean values were 22.40 and 22.68 ton/fed for pendimethalin and 18.96 and 19.14 ton/fed for metalaxyl and 10.06 and 10.70 ton/fed for pirimiphos-methyl compared with the control 8.32 and 8.64 ton/fed in the first and second seasons respectively. All the studied parameters were increased in early sowing date, mid-Nov. compared with the late sowing date, 5th Feb. in the two seasons. The interactions between the three pesticides and the sowing date had a significant effect on: number of leaves/plant in the first season, fresh weight of leaves, dry weight of leaves, average weight of blub in the two seasons and total yield in the first season. The highest values of all these parameters occurred on pendimethalin at early sowing date, mid-Nov.
Two field trials were conducted at the newly reclaimed sandy clay loam soil at El-Nubaria region – Alexandria Governorate, A.R.E. in the two successive growing seasons 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 to investigate the effect of three pesticides: insecticide (pirimiphos-methyl), fungicide (metalaxyl) and the herbicide (pendimethalin) combined with two sowing dates, early, mid-Nov. and late date 5th Feb. on some growth characters: i.e., plant height, number of leaves/plant, fresh weight of leaves/plant, dry weight of leaves/plant, average weight of bulb and total yield of onion plant (Allium cepa L.) c.v. Giza 20. The recommended rates of these pesticides were individually applied. The obtained results showed that all the studied parameters were significantly increased with the three pesticides, and pendimethalin was highly effective followed by metalaxyl while pirimiphos-methyl was the least effective. Total yield mean values were 22.40 and 22.68 ton/fed for pendimethalin and 18.96 and 19.14 ton/fed for metalaxyl and 10.06 and 10.70 ton/fed for pirimiphos-methyl compared with the control 8.32 and 8.64 ton/fed in the first and second seasons respectively. All the studied parameters were increased in early sowing date, mid-Nov. compared with the late sowing date, 5th Feb. in the two seasons. The interactions between the three pesticides and the sowing date had a significant effect on: number of leaves/plant in the first season, fresh weight of leaves, dry weight of leaves, average weight of blub in the two seasons and total yield in the first season. The highest values of all these parameters occurred on pendimethalin at early sowing date, mid-Nov.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3146_79e59025f26031c5c2ca405cd8780c59.pdf
Key words : hormesis
shikimate levels
growth stimulus
Onion
responductive vegetative
blackgram
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-06-30
33
April-June
99
107
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3147
3147
Original Article
Formulation and Stability of Healthy Vegetable Oil Blends Rich in Omega-3 Fatty Acids
تشکيل وثبات خلطات زيوت نباتية صحية غنية في الاحماض الدهنية أوميجا-3
Mostafa R.A.
1
Moharram Y.G.
2
Attia R.S.
3
El–Sharnouby S.A
4
Food Technology Res. Inst. A.R.C. El–Sabahia, Alexandria, Egypt.
Food Science and Technology Dept. Fac. of Agric. El–Shatby, Alexandria Univ. Egypt
Food Science and Technology Dept. Fac. of Agric. El–Shatby, Alexandria Univ. Egypt
Food Science and Technology Dept. Fac. of Agric. El–Shatby, Alexandria Univ. Egypt
Refined canola oil, virgin olive oil and pre-refined flaxseed oil were used to prepare 7 oil blends containing n-3 to n-6 fatty acids ratio ranged from 1: 0.83 to 9.1. A mixture of 6 ppm ß-carotene and 100 ppm BHA (butylated hydroxy anisol) was added to the blends and packed in an opaque glass bottles in addition to control (antioxidant free). The storage stability of the oil blends was determined through 6 months of storage at room temperature (22 ± 2 °C). The results showed that oil blends containing canola oil had more red colour than other oil blends. Extending of storage period to six months caused gradual increases in colour darkening, values of FFA, PV, TBA, P-anisidine and UV-specific absorbance at 232 and 270 nm. The rate of changes in these parameters were more pronounced in blends containing flaxseed oil rich in linolenic acid and were relatively less in blends having olive oil high in oleic acid. Addition of antioxidant mixture lowered the oxidation rate of oil blends. According to PV values, the shelf life of the formulated blends free of or containing antioxidant were ranged from 3 to 6 and 5 to 6 months, respectively.
Refined canola oil, virgin olive oil and pre-refined flaxseed oil were used to prepare 7 oil blends containing n-3 to n-6 fatty acids ratio ranged from 1: 0.83 to 9.1. A mixture of 6 ppm ß-carotene and 100 ppm BHA (butylated hydroxy anisol) was added to the blends and packed in an opaque glass bottles in addition to control (antioxidant free). The storage stability of the oil blends was determined through 6 months of storage at room temperature (22 ± 2 °C). The results showed that oil blends containing canola oil had more red colour than other oil blends. Extending of storage period to six months caused gradual increases in colour darkening, values of FFA, PV, TBA, P-anisidine and UV-specific absorbance at 232 and 270 nm. The rate of changes in these parameters were more pronounced in blends containing flaxseed oil rich in linolenic acid and were relatively less in blends having olive oil high in oleic acid. Addition of antioxidant mixture lowered the oxidation rate of oil blends. According to PV values, the shelf life of the formulated blends free of or containing antioxidant were ranged from 3 to 6 and 5 to 6 months, respectively.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3147_0072f3e89ef9319607d3cc8f50563a66.pdf
stability
Flaxseed oil
olive oil
canola oil
Oil Blends
o-3
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-06-30
33
April-June
108
115
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3148
3148
Original Article
Effect of Chemical Mutagens on Vegetative Growth and Flowering in Calendula Officinalis L. (Cv. Calypso Yellow
تأثير المطفرات الکيماوية على النمو الخضري والإزهار لنبات الأقحوان صنف کلانديولا کاليبسو الاصفر
Yasser I. El- Nashar
1
Botanical Garden Research Al-Montaza, Horticultural Research Institute, A.R.C. Alex. Egypt.
The experiments were carried out to study the effect of different concentrations of two chemical mutagens; Sodium Azide (SA) and Diethyl Sulphate (DES); on some morphological traits in the M1-and M2-generations of Calendula officinalis (L.) c.v. Calypso Yellow. Seeds were treated with different SA and DES concentrations : 0 ( distilled water), 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm. Germination percentage, plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, fresh weight, dry weight, number of inflorescences, inflorescences diameter, flowering date, leaf total chlorophyll, and root length were recorded. Both chemical mutagens was found to have significant effects in M1- generation with respect to dry weight, inflorescences diameter, flowering date, total leaf chlorophyll. The results clarified that DES significantly increased dry weight, total leaf chlorophyll. The different concentrations had significant effect in M1– generation with respect to seed germination percentage, plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, flowering date, inflorescences diameter, total leaf chlorophyll content. While both chemical mutagens have significant effect the M2- generation with respect to number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight, number of inflorescences, inflorescences diameter, flowering date and root length. The interaction between the two chemical mutagens and the concentrations treatments exerted significant effects for most of the studied parameters.
The experiments were carried out to study the effect of different concentrations of two chemical mutagens; Sodium Azide (SA) and Diethyl Sulphate (DES); on some morphological traits in the M1-and M2-generations of Calendula officinalis (L.) c.v. Calypso Yellow. Seeds were treated with different SA and DES concentrations : 0 ( distilled water), 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm. Germination percentage, plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, fresh weight, dry weight, number of inflorescences, inflorescences diameter, flowering date, leaf total chlorophyll, and root length were recorded. Both chemical mutagens was found to have significant effects in M1- generation with respect to dry weight, inflorescences diameter, flowering date, total leaf chlorophyll. The results clarified that DES significantly increased dry weight, total leaf chlorophyll. The different concentrations had significant effect in M1– generation with respect to seed germination percentage, plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, flowering date, inflorescences diameter, total leaf chlorophyll content. While both chemical mutagens have significant effect the M2- generation with respect to number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight, number of inflorescences, inflorescences diameter, flowering date and root length. The interaction between the two chemical mutagens and the concentrations treatments exerted significant effects for most of the studied parameters.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3148_9027085bd70fbf696300b528fc23835c.pdf
Keyword: Calendula officinalis
Chemical mutagens
Sodium azide
diethyl sulphate
SA
DES
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-06-30
33
April-June
116
133
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3149
3149
Original Article
Production and Evaluation of Some Specialty Products Prepared from Shoot Tip (Gommar) of Zagloul Date Palm Tree (Phoenix Dactylifera)
نتاج وتقييم بعض المنتجات الخاصة المحضرة من القمة النامية(الجمار) لشجرة نخيل البلح الزغلول
Magda S.Sharara
1
E.S.M. Abou-Tour
2
A.A. Abdel-El-Nabey
3
Dept. of Food Science &Technology, Fac. of Agric., Alex. University, Alex,Egypt
Dept. of Food Science &Technology, Fac. of Agric.Alex. University, Alex,Egypt
Dept. of Food Science &Technology, Fac. of Agric., Alex. University, Alex,Egypt
Shoot tip (Gommar, GOM) of Zagloul date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera) and its dehydrated flour ( DGF) were analyzed and characterized in terms of physico-chemical, microbiological and technological utilization in preparation of popular products such as fresh cut strips , frozen cubes, jam as well as fruit salads. Incorporation of DGF in biscuits, cookies, belellah and rice pudding were also studied. The result showed that GOM had a value of 8.0 Brix0 for total soluble solids and a pH value of 6.23. Titratable acidity as % citric acid was 0.299%. No detectable levels of total viable count and coliform group were found in both fresh GOM and its dehydrated flour (DGF) . Reducing sugar represented about 84% of the total sugars. Fresh GOM and DGF could be considered as a good source of minerals especially K, Na and Ca. Relatively significant amount of dietary fiber and inulin were present in fresh GOM and DGF and thus could be considered as promising and cheap source of these compounds and can be used as a natural antioxidant in spite of its lower content of vitamin C and phenolic substances. The presence of high amount of C18:2 n6 and C 18:3 n3 suggests that GOM oil is a highly nutritious . The shelf life of fresh cut GOM under refrigeration storage at 10 ◦ C was about 12 days. The different products prepared from fresh cut GOM or its dehydrated flour (DGF) were highly acceptable by panelists.
Shoot tip (Gommar, GOM) of Zagloul date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera) and its dehydrated flour ( DGF) were analyzed and characterized in terms of physico-chemical, microbiological and technological utilization in preparation of popular products such as fresh cut strips , frozen cubes, jam as well as fruit salads. Incorporation of DGF in biscuits, cookies, belellah and rice pudding were also studied. The result showed that GOM had a value of 8.0 Brix0 for total soluble solids and a pH value of 6.23. Titratable acidity as % citric acid was 0.299%. No detectable levels of total viable count and coliform group were found in both fresh GOM and its dehydrated flour (DGF) . Reducing sugar represented about 84% of the total sugars. Fresh GOM and DGF could be considered as a good source of minerals especially K, Na and Ca. Relatively significant amount of dietary fiber and inulin were present in fresh GOM and DGF and thus could be considered as promising and cheap source of these compounds and can be used as a natural antioxidant in spite of its lower content of vitamin C and phenolic substances. The presence of high amount of C18:2 n6 and C 18:3 n3 suggests that GOM oil is a highly nutritious . The shelf life of fresh cut GOM under refrigeration storage at 10 ◦ C was about 12 days. The different products prepared from fresh cut GOM or its dehydrated flour (DGF) were highly acceptable by panelists.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3149_189b848cbd6ecaefa2998613273ea2df.pdf
Shoot tip (Gommar)
heart of palm date
Chemical composition
technological utilization
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-06-30
33
April-June
134
152
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.3150
3150
Original Article
Prospective Speculation for Safe Reuse of Agricultural Drainage Water in Irrigation
التوقع المأمول للاستخدام الآمن لمياه الصرف الزراعى فى الرى
Ibrahim Elsokkary
elsokkary35@gmail.com
1
A. Abukila
alaafg@gmail.com
2
Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, El-Shatby- Post Code:21545, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
National Water Research Center, Drainage Research institute, Egypt El-Qanater El-Khairiya post code:13621
The main and almost exclusive source of surface fresh water in Egypt is the River Nile. It is obvious that the Nile water agreement with Sudan in 1959 had defined Egypt’s budget by 55.5 billion cubic meter per year, of which 84% is used by the agricultural sector. Of the greatest interest is the quality of Nile water in Egypt has been changed after the construction of Aswan High Dam (AHD) in 1968 and the water became silt free even at the annual flood season. At present, the major challenge that facing Egypt is how to meet the water demand for food production and also to protect Nile water from pollution. According to water quality impact assessment study carried out since 1990, the water quality of Nasser Lake was deemed good and the water quality of Nile River downstream AHD has reflected the quality of the water of Nasser Lake. However, significant changes were recorded in the water along the main stem of the river between Aswan and Delta Barrage because of discharge of agricultural drainage water in Nile stream. The water quality of most of these drains were not complying with the standards set by law 48/1982 (Art. 65) regulating the quality of drainage water which can be mixed with fresh water. However, significant amounts of organic load were biodegraded and the level DO increased from 4 mg/l at Aswan to 9-10 mg/l at 200 Km downstream Aswan. Currently, the concentration levels of TDS increased from 150 mg// at Aswan 250mg/l near Cairo. As a result, the water quality between Aswan and Delta Barrage is considered of good quality. The waters of Damietta and Rosetta Branches of Nile Delta receive high loads of biological, inorganic and organic compounds and consequently are characterized by low quality water. In general, the water of Rosetta Branch is highly polluted than that of Damietta Branch. Of great concern is the water of the agriculture drains which discharge in River Nile; the main stem and delta branches. These drains receive, in addition to agriculture seeping, domestic and industrial effluents from point sources and diffuse sources. As a result, the water quality of these drains did not comply with law 48/1982 (Art. 65). The sources of water of the collected main drain are the small drains, which receive un-treated domestic and industrial effluents from villages and small communities. In order to improve the water quality of the main drain to cope with standards of law 48/1982, the water of the small drain should be treated before discharging into the main collector drain. This treatment should be designed at the point sources just before entering the main drain. It is well known that villages in Egypt are still without sanitation facilities and construction of conventional wastewater treatment plants is not applicable and expensive. This makes the non-conventional treatment system are most acceptable. Of these is the in-stream wetlands treatment system which has several advantages such as the treatment efficiency is high, requires low capitals investment, and easy operation and maintenance.
The main and almost exclusive source of surface fresh water in Egypt is the River Nile. It is obvious that the Nile water agreement with Sudan in 1959 had defined Egypt’s budget by 55.5 billion cubic meter per year, of which 84% is used by the agricultural sector. Of the greatest interest is the quality of Nile water in Egypt has been changed after the construction of Aswan High Dam (AHD) in 1968 and the water became silt free even at the annual flood season. At present, the major challenge that facing Egypt is how to meet the water demand for food production and also to protect Nile water from pollution. According to water quality impact assessment study carried out since 1990, the water quality of Nasser Lake was deemed good and the water quality of Nile River downstream AHD has reflected the quality of the water of Nasser Lake. However, significant changes were recorded in the water along the main stem of the river between Aswan and Delta Barrage because of discharge of agricultural drainage water in Nile stream. The water quality of most of these drains were not complying with the standards set by law 48/1982 (Art. 65) regulating the quality of drainage water which can be mixed with fresh water. However, significant amounts of organic load were biodegraded and the level DO increased from 4 mg/l at Aswan to 9-10 mg/l at 200 Km downstream Aswan. Currently, the concentration levels of TDS increased from 150 mg// at Aswan 250mg/l near Cairo. As a result, the water quality between Aswan and Delta Barrage is considered of good quality. The waters of Damietta and Rosetta Branches of Nile Delta receive high loads of biological, inorganic and organic compounds and consequently are characterized by low quality water. In general, the water of Rosetta Branch is highly polluted than that of Damietta Branch. Of great concern is the water of the agriculture drains which discharge in River Nile; the main stem and delta branches. These drains receive, in addition to agriculture seeping, domestic and industrial effluents from point sources and diffuse sources. As a result, the water quality of these drains did not comply with law 48/1982 (Art. 65). The sources of water of the collected main drain are the small drains, which receive un-treated domestic and industrial effluents from villages and small communities. In order to improve the water quality of the main drain to cope with standards of law 48/1982, the water of the small drain should be treated before discharging into the main collector drain. This treatment should be designed at the point sources just before entering the main drain. It is well known that villages in Egypt are still without sanitation facilities and construction of conventional wastewater treatment plants is not applicable and expensive. This makes the non-conventional treatment system are most acceptable. Of these is the in-stream wetlands treatment system which has several advantages such as the treatment efficiency is high, requires low capitals investment, and easy operation and maintenance.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3150_c0f676ebde29b4131dcb57546020150f.pdf
Keywords: Nile River
Drainage water
Wetlands
pollution
COD
BOD5
DO
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-04-01
33
April-June
115
98
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.159450
159450
Original Article
The Role of Mobile Phone in Farmers' Access of Extension Agricultural Knowledge Areas and Its Benefit in Kafr El-Wak Village, El-Behaira Governorate
دور التليفون المحمول في حصول الزراع على المعرفة الإرشادية في المجالات الزراعية المختلفة والإستفادة منه بقرية کفر الواق- محافظة البحيره
Ashour Kamel Ashour
1
This research was conducted in order to identify the role of mobile phone in farmers' access of extension agricultural knowledge areas and its benefit. Research data were collected by using personal questionnaire the sapmle was (100 farmar) selected randomly which represent 17.2% from the population.
Frequency and table presentation, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and range, were used to present and discuss results.
The following are most important findings:
1- All the respondents have a mobile phone, most of them dealing with the Vodafone network, the families of 60% of respondents have more than a mobile phone, and 74% of respondents spend on calls more than 28 pounds per month.
2- the most important obstacles for using mobile phones in the agricultural field are the expenses of calls, Telephone number of the extension agent is unknown, experience in using mobile phones, and 21% of respondents do not have obstacles.
3- the most important ideas by respondents thinking which can increases the effectiveness of using mobile phones are provide phone lines including agricultural extension agent, the ministry of agriculture and agricultural services providers at discounted calls.
4 - More areas of plant production that fits mobile phone to ask about them were the saling of agricultural crops, followed by the methods of using agricultural pesticides, while in the animal production the most important area was a cattle diseases area.
5- More areas of plant production were used the mobile phone to access to information are the area of diseases that affect on vegetables, followed by the fruit diseases, while in the field of animal production cattle diseases were wideness, followed by sheep diseases.
6- The extension agent was the important benefited source in the field of plant production, followed by agricultural service providers, also in the field of animal production the extension agent was the most important source but he followed by veterinarians.
This research was conducted in order to identify the role of mobile phone in farmers' access of extension agricultural knowledge areas and its benefit. Research data were collected by using personal questionnaire the sapmle was (100 farmar) selected randomly which represent 17.2% from the population.
Frequency and table presentation, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and range, were used to present and discuss results.
The following are most important findings:
1- All the respondents have a mobile phone, most of them dealing with the Vodafone network, the families of 60% of respondents have more than a mobile phone, and 74% of respondents spend on calls more than 28 pounds per month.
2- the most important obstacles for using mobile phones in the agricultural field are the expenses of calls, Telephone number of the extension agent is unknown, experience in using mobile phones, and 21% of respondents do not have obstacles.
3- the most important ideas by respondents thinking which can increases the effectiveness of using mobile phones are provide phone lines including agricultural extension agent, the ministry of agriculture and agricultural services providers at discounted calls.
4 - More areas of plant production that fits mobile phone to ask about them were the saling of agricultural crops, followed by the methods of using agricultural pesticides, while in the animal production the most important area was a cattle diseases area.
5- More areas of plant production were used the mobile phone to access to information are the area of diseases that affect on vegetables, followed by the fruit diseases, while in the field of animal production cattle diseases were wideness, followed by sheep diseases.
6- The extension agent was the important benefited source in the field of plant production, followed by agricultural service providers, also in the field of animal production the extension agent was the most important source but he followed by veterinarians.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159450_086e7d71fd61b4e69d5f9d48eea42af9.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-04-01
33
April-June
116
130
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.159451
159451
Original Article
Agricultural Laborers Knowledge of Practices Leading to Endemic Diseases Spreading in Some Villages at Beheira Governorate
معارف العمال الزراعيين بالممارسات المؤدية لإنتشار الأمراض المتوطنة فى بعض قرى محافظة البحيرة
Mamdouh Mohsen EL Ghazaly
1
This research aims to determine the monthly profitability of the pound invested in each production season of tomato in Egypt. Also to estimate the area This study aimed to determine the respondents Agricultural Laborers Knowledge to endemic diseases spreading through identification of their practices and their Knowledge level concerning that practices, determine the relationship between Knowledge level of that practices as a dependent variable and some studied characteristics of the respondents as independent variables, determine the effect of independent variables interpret the variation of the dependent variable and determine the differences between studded villages in respondents knowledge concerning endemic diseases spreading practices.
The study were conducted in sanhour Kofer EL-Rahmania and Ebia EL-Hamraa at Damanhour, EL-Mahmoudia and EL-Dalangat districts respectively EL-Beheira governorate, Random sample resonates 15% of the population was taken according to Krejcey and Morgan.
Data were collected using pretested Questionnaire during November and December 2011, mean, frequency, percentages, standard, deviation, simple correlation, stepwise regression and T test were used to analyze and present data.
Results were revealed that one fifth of respondent with high wrong practices, more than half with moderate wrong practices.
- Respondents' degree concerning wrong practices causing endemic disease was high and moderate.
- 26.2% and 56.9% of the respondents their knowledge level concerning endemic diseases spreading was low and moderate respectively.
- There are significant positive relationships at 0.01 between respondents learning degree, degree of mass communication, degree of extension communication, knowledge degree concerning some endemic diseases as independent variables and knowledge degree concerning endemic diseases spreading as dependent variable where r values are 0.266, 0.162, 0.188 and 0.405 respectively.
- There are significant negative relationships at 0.01 between fatalism degree as independent variable and dependent variable where r value is -0.282.
- Knowledge degree concerning endemic diseases and degree of fatalism interpret 17.8% of total variation of respondents' degree concerning practices causing endemic diseases.
- There are significant a difference between the studied villages concerning respondents' knowledge practices causing endemic diseases was Ebia EL-Hamraa village is more than Sanhour and Kofer EL-Rahmania villages.
This research aims to determine the monthly profitability of the pound invested in each production season of tomato in Egypt. Also to estimate the area This study aimed to determine the respondents Agricultural Laborers Knowledge to endemic diseases spreading through identification of their practices and their Knowledge level concerning that practices, determine the relationship between Knowledge level of that practices as a dependent variable and some studied characteristics of the respondents as independent variables, determine the effect of independent variables interpret the variation of the dependent variable and determine the differences between studded villages in respondents knowledge concerning endemic diseases spreading practices.
The study were conducted in sanhour Kofer EL-Rahmania and Ebia EL-Hamraa at Damanhour, EL-Mahmoudia and EL-Dalangat districts respectively EL-Beheira governorate, Random sample resonates 15% of the population was taken according to Krejcey and Morgan.
Data were collected using pretested Questionnaire during November and December 2011, mean, frequency, percentages, standard, deviation, simple correlation, stepwise regression and T test were used to analyze and present data.
Results were revealed that one fifth of respondent with high wrong practices, more than half with moderate wrong practices.
- Respondents' degree concerning wrong practices causing endemic disease was high and moderate.
- 26.2% and 56.9% of the respondents their knowledge level concerning endemic diseases spreading was low and moderate respectively.
- There are significant positive relationships at 0.01 between respondents learning degree, degree of mass communication, degree of extension communication, knowledge degree concerning some endemic diseases as independent variables and knowledge degree concerning endemic diseases spreading as dependent variable where r values are 0.266, 0.162, 0.188 and 0.405 respectively.
- There are significant negative relationships at 0.01 between fatalism degree as independent variable and dependent variable where r value is -0.282.
- Knowledge degree concerning endemic diseases and degree of fatalism interpret 17.8% of total variation of respondents' degree concerning practices causing endemic diseases.
- There are significant a difference between the studied villages concerning respondents' knowledge practices causing endemic diseases was Ebia EL-Hamraa village is more than Sanhour and Kofer EL-Rahmania villages.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159451_a17fb13c164cb5393339c59318f735ce.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-04-01
33
April-June
131
144
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.159452
159452
Original Article
Effect Of Green and Black Tea on Weight,Body Fat and Serum Leptin Hormone Level in Obese Rats
1- مقارنة تأثير الشاي الأخضر والشاي الأسود على الوزن ودهون الجسم ومستوى هرمون الليبتن فى السيرم في إناث الفئران البدينة
Sumayyah O.S. AL-Lahyani
1
Ekram R. M. Soliman
2
Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. Therefore, the research aimed to compare between the impact of green tea and black tea on weight loss and nutritional status of obese rats. Female rats(42) from the Wister strain were used in the study their weight ranged (150 ±2 gm). The animals were fed on high fat meal to increase the weight .Except for the negative control group which was fed on a standard meal. After the weight gaining phase, (24 weeks) the overweight animals were divided into five groups: a positive control group was fed on a standard meal and drank water , and four experimental groups were fed the standard meal and drank green or black tea instead of water. They were as follows: two groups drank green tea at concentration of 4% or 6%, and two groups drank black tea at concentration of 4% or 6%.
The experiment continued for 10 weeks .Weights, lengths, the index of obesity in animals, weights of internal organs, and food and drink intakes and food efficiency were estimated. In addition, estimation was done for body fat (internal organs fat, muscles fat), and for leptin hormone level. The results showed that drinking green and black tea led to a decline in weight .As will as a decrease in the level of lipten hormone resulting from weight decrease. Also the organs fat and muscles fat were decreased .Generally it was concluded that increasing of green tea showed better results than black tea and that green tea is effective in reducing weight and body fat when compared with black tea. This is because green tea contains catchins and EGCG at higher levels than that in black tea.
Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. Therefore, the research aimed to compare between the impact of green tea and black tea on weight loss and nutritional status of obese rats. Female rats(42) from the Wister strain were used in the study their weight ranged (150 ±2 gm). The animals were fed on high fat meal to increase the weight .Except for the negative control group which was fed on a standard meal. After the weight gaining phase, (24 weeks) the overweight animals were divided into five groups: a positive control group was fed on a standard meal and drank water , and four experimental groups were fed the standard meal and drank green or black tea instead of water. They were as follows: two groups drank green tea at concentration of 4% or 6%, and two groups drank black tea at concentration of 4% or 6%.
The experiment continued for 10 weeks .Weights, lengths, the index of obesity in animals, weights of internal organs, and food and drink intakes and food efficiency were estimated. In addition, estimation was done for body fat (internal organs fat, muscles fat), and for leptin hormone level. The results showed that drinking green and black tea led to a decline in weight .As will as a decrease in the level of lipten hormone resulting from weight decrease. Also the organs fat and muscles fat were decreased .Generally it was concluded that increasing of green tea showed better results than black tea and that green tea is effective in reducing weight and body fat when compared with black tea. This is because green tea contains catchins and EGCG at higher levels than that in black tea.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159452_81e5389d49d5ed77cd4877a6ade8c34f.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-04-01
33
April-June
145
163
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.159453
159453
Original Article
Effect of Green and Black Tea on Bone Mineral Density, Blood Lipids and Blood Pieture in Obese Rats
2-تأثير الشاي الأخضر والشاي الأسود على کثافة العظام ودهون الدم وصورة الدم في إناث الفئران البدينة
Ekram R. M. Solima
1
Sumayah O.S. AL-Lahyani
2
The tea is the most popular drink with significant impacts in terms of physiological, medical and most addressed in all parts of the world. The research aimed to compare between the impact of green tea and black tea on bone mineral density, blood picture and blood lipids in rats. 42 female rats are used in the study one control group (7) female rats fed on standard meal and drink water, and one obese group (35) female rats from Wister strain. The obese groupwas divided into (5) groups: first group positive control fed on standard meal and drink water, second group experimental group divided into (4) groups.
All groups were fed the standard meal; first and second groups drank green tea (4%, 6%); third and fourth groups drank black tea (4%, 6%). The experimente continued (10) weeksBone mineral density, blood picture, blood lipids were estimated. The result showed that the intake of the both type of tea reduced the bone mineral density specially the black tea, but improved the immunity, decreased the bad lipids and increased the beneficial lipids. It was concluded that intake green tea showed better results than black tea. Because green tea contains catechins and EGCG much higher than black tea. Moreover, green tea is more effective in reducing osteoporosis and improving the immune and blood lipids and picture as well.
The tea is the most popular drink with significant impacts in terms of physiological, medical and most addressed in all parts of the world. The research aimed to compare between the impact of green tea and black tea on bone mineral density, blood picture and blood lipids in rats. 42 female rats are used in the study one control group (7) female rats fed on standard meal and drink water, and one obese group (35) female rats from Wister strain. The obese groupwas divided into (5) groups: first group positive control fed on standard meal and drink water, second group experimental group divided into (4) groups.
All groups were fed the standard meal; first and second groups drank green tea (4%, 6%); third and fourth groups drank black tea (4%, 6%). The experimente continued (10) weeksBone mineral density, blood picture, blood lipids were estimated. The result showed that the intake of the both type of tea reduced the bone mineral density specially the black tea, but improved the immunity, decreased the bad lipids and increased the beneficial lipids. It was concluded that intake green tea showed better results than black tea. Because green tea contains catechins and EGCG much higher than black tea. Moreover, green tea is more effective in reducing osteoporosis and improving the immune and blood lipids and picture as well.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159453_26cf5dfacab69e405d13d44590a31abd.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-04-01
33
April-June
164
194
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.159454
159454
Original Article
Employment the Popular Motifs of Siwi Dress Style Hand Embroidery Work in Small Industries
توظيف الزخارف الشعبية للزى السيوى بأسلوب لتطريز اليدوى فى عمل صناعات صغيرة
Reham Yossef Amin
1
The women in the Siwa Oasis according to the cultural legacy are of one of the components of this community and the center of the most important axis. El-Siwi Valzy Fine Arts is one of the traditional uniforms and is inherited in shape, color and composition since ancient ages in history which has not been set yet. The first thing that it draws attention to the uniqueness of this costume design and simplicity of its lines and decoration and composition which are not similar to any other garment for any woman in any area on the land of Egypt or the Arab world. It has not changed its shape or design according to any changed in social status of women, whether rich or poor, which led to maintaining the inherent style and the cultural identity and social and it arrived over the generations.
More recently most of the global interest based on the World Small and Medium Enterprises, including hand-made embroidery, which ate the most sectors ability to contribute to solve many problems facing the challenge against poverty in the community and in particular the problems of young graduates, such as unemployment inhalers, and provide job opportunities for them. This is in addition to raising the economic and social levels of the personnel involved in the project. Also working on small projects encourages the spirit of competition and its ability to quickly adapt to the global market and local levels featuring projects that have a high potential for creativity, innovation and testing new ideas leading to the development of the product while maintaining the spirit of the age and contribute to the creativity and the ability to provide what is new in this field. Heritage in general is a fertile continous source that can be deduced to have a distinctive taste authentic.
The women in the Siwa Oasis according to the cultural legacy are of one of the components of this community and the center of the most important axis. El-Siwi Valzy Fine Arts is one of the traditional uniforms and is inherited in shape, color and composition since ancient ages in history which has not been set yet. The first thing that it draws attention to the uniqueness of this costume design and simplicity of its lines and decoration and composition which are not similar to any other garment for any woman in any area on the land of Egypt or the Arab world. It has not changed its shape or design according to any changed in social status of women, whether rich or poor, which led to maintaining the inherent style and the cultural identity and social and it arrived over the generations.
More recently most of the global interest based on the World Small and Medium Enterprises, including hand-made embroidery, which ate the most sectors ability to contribute to solve many problems facing the challenge against poverty in the community and in particular the problems of young graduates, such as unemployment inhalers, and provide job opportunities for them. This is in addition to raising the economic and social levels of the personnel involved in the project. Also working on small projects encourages the spirit of competition and its ability to quickly adapt to the global market and local levels featuring projects that have a high potential for creativity, innovation and testing new ideas leading to the development of the product while maintaining the spirit of the age and contribute to the creativity and the ability to provide what is new in this field. Heritage in general is a fertile continous source that can be deduced to have a distinctive taste authentic.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159454_bd0dcc53c7d4561caaadecd7953edcbb.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2012-04-01
33
April-June
195
208
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2012.159455
159455
Original Article
Economic Study for Fish Production in Alexandria Governorate
دراسة إقتصادية لإنتاج الأسماک بمحافظة الإسکندرية
Mohamed Mostafa Abd Elatty
1
Said Abd El-Hafez
2
The economies importance of the production of fish in Egypt can be reflected in the low capacity of the natural fisheries in production of sufficient quantities of various fish stocks, as well as the negative effects of pollution in these fisheries. The deficit in the quantity in fish production compared with consumption is about 246.21 thousand tons in 2010, and of the sufficiency rate of fish reached about 84.13% in the same year.
Aquaculture plays an important role in combating part of the fish food gap in Egypt, where the quantity of fish farming production is approximately 70 % of the total fish production in 2010.
The study relied on secondary data published by General Authority Of Fish Resource Development (GAFRD) and Central Agency Of Public Mobilization And Statistic (CAPMAS) and National Institute Of Oceanography And Fisheries (NIOF), In addition to field data which collected from the wholesale markets in Alexandria (El Anfoushy- Elmax -Abukir ) markets .
The main results can be summarized as follow:
(1) Natural resources of fish in Egypt (marine-lakes- River Nile) representat about 30 % of total fish production in 2010. These resources suffer from
many obstacles and problems (administrative- legal - financial - social).
So the study recommended to develop these natural resources parallel to aquaculture development to make a push to development of the fish sector in Egypt.
(2)Fish production of marine fisheries in Alexandria (Eastern Harbor and Elmax – Abukir) reached 10.95 thousand tons (59.73 %) and lake Mariout reached 5.01 thousand tons (27.23%) of the total production of Alexandria governorate (18.33 thousand tons) .While the aquaculture production in Alexandria reach about 2.37 thousand tons (12.94 %) of the total fish production of the same period .
(3)Schaefer (1954) model was adopted on Mediterranean fisheries in Alexandria (Eastern Harbor – Elmax – Abukir).
(4) Seasonal variations for marine fisheries in Alexandria and Lake Mariout were discussed.
The study finally revealed the problems of the fish production in Alexandria governorate and means of its development.
The economies importance of the production of fish in Egypt can be reflected in the low capacity of the natural fisheries in production of sufficient quantities of various fish stocks, as well as the negative effects of pollution in these fisheries. The deficit in the quantity in fish production compared with consumption is about 246.21 thousand tons in 2010, and of the sufficiency rate of fish reached about 84.13% in the same year.
Aquaculture plays an important role in combating part of the fish food gap in Egypt, where the quantity of fish farming production is approximately 70 % of the total fish production in 2010.
The study relied on secondary data published by General Authority Of Fish Resource Development (GAFRD) and Central Agency Of Public Mobilization And Statistic (CAPMAS) and National Institute Of Oceanography And Fisheries (NIOF), In addition to field data which collected from the wholesale markets in Alexandria (El Anfoushy- Elmax -Abukir ) markets .
The main results can be summarized as follow:
(1) Natural resources of fish in Egypt (marine-lakes- River Nile) representat about 30 % of total fish production in 2010. These resources suffer from
many obstacles and problems (administrative- legal - financial - social).
So the study recommended to develop these natural resources parallel to aquaculture development to make a push to development of the fish sector in Egypt.
(2)Fish production of marine fisheries in Alexandria (Eastern Harbor and Elmax – Abukir) reached 10.95 thousand tons (59.73 %) and lake Mariout reached 5.01 thousand tons (27.23%) of the total production of Alexandria governorate (18.33 thousand tons) .While the aquaculture production in Alexandria reach about 2.37 thousand tons (12.94 %) of the total fish production of the same period .
(3)Schaefer (1954) model was adopted on Mediterranean fisheries in Alexandria (Eastern Harbor – Elmax – Abukir).
(4) Seasonal variations for marine fisheries in Alexandria and Lake Mariout were discussed.
The study finally revealed the problems of the fish production in Alexandria governorate and means of its development.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_159455_aa4f475e854029479af8f5c702986ff5.pdf