eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2009-09-01
30
JULY- SEPTEMBER
333
343
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2009.3246
3246
Original Article
Testing and Enhancing The Compatibility of Five Saudi Wood Species for Cement-Bonded Particleboard Industry
اختبار وتحسين توافق خمسة أنواع من الأخشاب السعودية لصناعة الخشب الحبيبي الأسمنتي
Hamad A. Al-Mefarrej
1
Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Cement-bonded particleboard (CBP) panels have excellent sound insulation, highly resistant to water and termites and are excellent for outdoor uses. However not all wood species react favorably with cement. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to test the suitability of some wood species that available in Saudi Arabia for CBP manufacturing. After testing, the study was designed to enhance the compatibility of these wood species with cement using different pretreatments and chemical additives. Buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus), lebbeck (Albizia lebbeck), Council tree (Ficus altissima), leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), and Madras thorn (Pithecellobium dolce) were collected from Experiment Station near Dirab, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The results of this work were compared with the data were obtained from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris).Portland cement (Type I) is manufactured by Al Yammama Cement Company was used as a binder. The hydration procedure was carried out using Dewar flask. Inhibitory index (I), hydration rate (R), and compatibility factor (CA) were calculated from the hydration data. The results showed that under untreated condition, Scots pine and Buttonwood gave the highest maximum temperature (Tmax), and the lowest time to reach maximum temperature (tmax), and they were compatible with cement and classified as "suitable under limited conditions" for making CBP, while the lowest Tmax and the highest tmax were obtained for the rest wood species and they were classified as "unsuitable" and theyrequire special treatments to reduce their inhibitory characteristics when mixed with cement. Using cold or hot water extraction for the six wood species resulted in an enhancement in their compatibility with cement. Under these pretreatments and with some expansions, all wood species used could be reclassified to “suitable under limited condition” for manufacturing CBP. Council treeand leucaena arestill unsuitable for cement mixture since Tmax is below 50 oC. Addition of either CaCl2 or MgCl2 to the mixture of cement and untreated wood improved the parameters and indices of hydration. All wood species used were reclassified from unsuitable or suitable under limited conditions to suitable for making CBP after treating by different treatments used in this work. Correlation coefficients of the hydration parameters are highly significant, therefore the three indices (CA, R and I) can be used as suitable estimates for the compatibility of the wood-cement mixtures in the current study.
Cement-bonded particleboard (CBP) panels have excellent sound insulation, highly resistant to water and termites and are excellent for outdoor uses. However not all wood species react favorably with cement. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to test the suitability of some wood species that available in Saudi Arabia for CBP manufacturing. After testing, the study was designed to enhance the compatibility of these wood species with cement using different pretreatments and chemical additives. Buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus), lebbeck (Albizia lebbeck), Council tree (Ficus altissima), leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), and Madras thorn (Pithecellobium dolce) were collected from Experiment Station near Dirab, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The results of this work were compared with the data were obtained from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris).Portland cement (Type I) is manufactured by Al Yammama Cement Company was used as a binder. The hydration procedure was carried out using Dewar flask. Inhibitory index (I), hydration rate (R), and compatibility factor (CA) were calculated from the hydration data. The results showed that under untreated condition, Scots pine and Buttonwood gave the highest maximum temperature (Tmax), and the lowest time to reach maximum temperature (tmax), and they were compatible with cement and classified as "suitable under limited conditions" for making CBP, while the lowest Tmax and the highest tmax were obtained for the rest wood species and they were classified as "unsuitable" and theyrequire special treatments to reduce their inhibitory characteristics when mixed with cement. Using cold or hot water extraction for the six wood species resulted in an enhancement in their compatibility with cement. Under these pretreatments and with some expansions, all wood species used could be reclassified to “suitable under limited condition” for manufacturing CBP. Council treeand leucaena arestill unsuitable for cement mixture since Tmax is below 50 oC. Addition of either CaCl2 or MgCl2 to the mixture of cement and untreated wood improved the parameters and indices of hydration. All wood species used were reclassified from unsuitable or suitable under limited conditions to suitable for making CBP after treating by different treatments used in this work. Correlation coefficients of the hydration parameters are highly significant, therefore the three indices (CA, R and I) can be used as suitable estimates for the compatibility of the wood-cement mixtures in the current study.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3246_a5ed6e6eae796ac5a17eaf42b53508b7.pdf
Hydration
wood species
Portland Cement
Inhibitory index
cement-bonded particleboard
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2009-09-30
30
JULY- SEPTEMBER
344
349
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2009.3248
3248
Original Article
Acaricidal Activity of Plant Extracts and Their Main Terpenoids on The Two- Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus Urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)
نمذجة رياضية لإدارة مياه الري تحت ظروف نقص المياه والملوحة العالية:
1- تقييم الإدارة المتبعة للري والصرف في جنوب کازاخستان
Abdulaziz A. M.
m_alazhari@yahoo.com
1
Saleh M.
2
Robin Wardlaw
3
Alfateh University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil and Water Department, PO Box 13019, Tripoli, Libya,
Alfateh University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil and Water Department, PO Box 13019, Tripoli, Libya
Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, AGB Building, King’s Buildings, Mayfield Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JL
The acaricidal activity of certain natural plant extracts and some of their main terpenoids was evaluatedagainst the female adults of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) under laboratory conditions using the slide dip and surface residue techniques. The relationship between chemical structure of terpenes and acaricidal efficacy was evaluated. The results revealed that peppermint, thyme, caraway and clove extracts were the most effective against the spider mite, followed by chenopodium and visnaga extracts and then eucalyptus and sweet basil which showed relatively the least miticidal activity. Of the terpenoids tested, the monoterpene hydrocarbons limonene and ocimene were completely ineffective on the mite at all concentrations tested, whereas, the oxygenated terpene alcohols menthol and linalool exhibited promising acaricidal activity. The phenolic compound thymol was the most active among tested terpenoids followed by carvone, a monocyclic ketone and the main constituent of caraway oil and proved to be biologically more active against mites than camphor (the bicyclic monoterpene ketone).Visnagin, a furanochromone with one methoxy group, was significantly more toxic against adult spider mite than khellin which has two methoxy groups. The results obtained suggest that certain terpenoids of plant origin can be used as potential parent structures for new acaricides and as alternative and safe acaricidal agents.
The acaricidal activity of certain natural plant extracts and some of their main terpenoids was evaluatedagainst the female adults of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) under laboratory conditions using the slide dip and surface residue techniques. The relationship between chemical structure of terpenes and acaricidal efficacy was evaluated. The results revealed that peppermint, thyme, caraway and clove extracts were the most effective against the spider mite, followed by chenopodium and visnaga extracts and then eucalyptus and sweet basil which showed relatively the least miticidal activity. Of the terpenoids tested, the monoterpene hydrocarbons limonene and ocimene were completely ineffective on the mite at all concentrations tested, whereas, the oxygenated terpene alcohols menthol and linalool exhibited promising acaricidal activity. The phenolic compound thymol was the most active among tested terpenoids followed by carvone, a monocyclic ketone and the main constituent of caraway oil and proved to be biologically more active against mites than camphor (the bicyclic monoterpene ketone).Visnagin, a furanochromone with one methoxy group, was significantly more toxic against adult spider mite than khellin which has two methoxy groups. The results obtained suggest that certain terpenoids of plant origin can be used as potential parent structures for new acaricides and as alternative and safe acaricidal agents.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3248_e7d11e8250cca68d2638d20d17af40ee.pdf
Natural acaricide
Plant extracts
terpenoids
two-spotted spider mite
Tetranychus urticae Koch
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2009-09-30
30
JULY- SEPTEMBER
350
371
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2009.3249
3249
Original Article
Modelling Irrigation Water Management under Water Shortage and Salinity Conditions: 1- Evaluation of The Current Irrigation and Drainage Management Practices in South Kazakhstan
نمذجة رياضية لإدارة مياه الري تحت ظروف نقص المياه والملوحة العالية:
1- تقييم الإدارة المتبعة للري والصرف في جنوب کازاخستان
Abdulaziz A. M.
m_alazhari@yahoo.com
1
Saleh M.
2
Robin Wardlaw
3
Alfateh University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil and Water Department, PO Box 13019, Tripoli, Libya,
Alfateh University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil and Water Department, PO Box 13019, Tripoli, Libya,
Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, AGB Building, King’s Buildings, Mayfield Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JL
The WAVE model was modified to include the effect of salinity on crop transpiration, and used to simulate soil water balances, to investigate long-term salinity build-up in the root zone, and in conjunction with a crop yield response model to assess their effect on crop yield. The WAVE_MS model has been applied to evaluate current irrigation and drainage practices in South Kazakhstan.According to the results of simulation runs, cotton yield in the area would be reduced to a very low level within 25 years if irrigation and drainage practices are not changed.Inadequacy in water applications and increasing soil salinity are brining about this reduction. For the problemconsidered in this study, the WAVE_MS model, along with the crop yield response model, can be used as a tool for assessing the impact of different irrigation and drainage scenarios on crop yield. The results demonstrate that the modelling approach is robust and applicable under arid and semi-arid conditions and to a wide range of water shortage and salinity conditions.
The WAVE model was modified to include the effect of salinity on crop transpiration, and used to simulate soil water balances, to investigate long-term salinity build-up in the root zone, and in conjunction with a crop yield response model to assess their effect on crop yield. The WAVE_MS model has been applied to evaluate current irrigation and drainage practices in South Kazakhstan.According to the results of simulation runs, cotton yield in the area would be reduced to a very low level within 25 years if irrigation and drainage practices are not changed.Inadequacy in water applications and increasing soil salinity are brining about this reduction. For the problemconsidered in this study, the WAVE_MS model, along with the crop yield response model, can be used as a tool for assessing the impact of different irrigation and drainage scenarios on crop yield. The results demonstrate that the modelling approach is robust and applicable under arid and semi-arid conditions and to a wide range of water shortage and salinity conditions.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3249_13580e1db699dbfcb3293c259beee705.pdf
Keywords: water management
salinity
mathematical modelling
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2009-09-30
30
JULY- SEPTEMBER
372
396
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2009.3250
3250
Original Article
Retardation of Chilling Injury Symptoms and Reducing Quality Loss of Cactus Pear Fruits During Cold Storage by Heat Treatments
تأخير ظهور أعراض أضرار البرودة وتقليل تدهور ثمار التين الشوکى أثناء التخزين المبرد باستخدام المعاملات الحرارية
Ragaa M. El-Saedy
1
Nermeen I. El-Naggar
2
Mamouraa Botanical Garden, Alex., Hort. Res. Center, Giza. Egypt.
Dep. Plant Prod. (Pomology), Institute of Efficient Productivity, Zagazig Nniv.
Cactus pear fruits had three ripening stages of light green (G), yellowish green (YG) and yellow (Y) wereexposed to water steam (WS) at approximately 78 ?C for one min or dipped into hot water (HW) at 55 ?C for two min or washed with regular tap water(control). Each of the above nine (3 stages x 3 treatments) groups was divided into two sections, the first one was stored at 5 ?C and the other was stored at 10 ?C. Heat treatments prolonged the storage period of all ripening stages of fruits. At 5 and 10?C, respectively, the treated fruits were stored for 32 and 40 days compared with 28 and 32 days for the untreated one. Control fruits were the first to decay due to the chilling injury incidence specially the green stage at 5 ?C and became unattractive as a result of loss of its brightness. On the other hand, heated fruits kept its good appearance, free from decay and wrinkles for longer time. Heat treatments retard the appearance of chilling injury symptoms for the stored fruits at 5 ?C and the best appearance with less chilling symptoms was forthe yellow fruits. The fruits stored at 10 ?C were free from chilling symptoms except of small red spots appeared on the control fruits. WS treatment reduced weight loss of cactus pear fruits and the differences were significant for the yellowish green fruits except of those stored at 5 ?C in the first season. On the other side, HW treatment increased the weight loss of all treatments with insignificant differences compared with the control fruits with exception of yellowish green fruits in the second season which reduced it. Green fruits had the highest initial color index (CI) and the heat treatments did not affect CI of all ripening stages of fruits stored at 5 and 10 ?C in the two seasons and there were no differences between heat treatments. Heat treatments had no significant effect on pulp weight percent, but generally heated fruits had lower percentages and the fruits stored at 10 ?C had higher percentages with significant increase by the duration of cold storage. At harvest in the two experimental seasons, yellow fruits had the highest contents of juice. Heat treatments had no significant effect on pulp juice weight at 5 and 10 ?C but generally the WStreated fruits had the highest juice weight which may be due to the water loss reduction. Except the green cactus pear fruits which lost its juiciness with the progress of the storage time. At harvest, yellow fruits had the highest values of SSC, V.C, water soluble pectin (WSP) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity and the lowest percentages of acidity. Heat treatments had no significant effect on the SSC of cactus pear fruits except the higher significant content of heated fruits in some intervals. Heat treatments had significant effect on acidity and V.C especially the WS treatment which had the highest values at the two storage temperatures and in two seasons. Heat treatments had significant effect on reducing WSP pulp < /strong>content and the activity of PPO. In both seasons, SSC of all treatments decreased by the advancing of cold storage and the highest values were obtained from yellow fruits. Fruit acidity increased by the end of the cold storage at 5?C and after the same period at 10 ?C (32 days), then decreased at the last two intervals at 10 ?C. WSP content increased with the loss of fruit firmness and the lowest changes were obtained with the yellow fruits and the fruits stored at 5 ?C. PPO activity increased, then decreased after 24 days at 5 and 10C.
Cactus pear fruits had three ripening stages of light green (G), yellowish green (YG) and yellow (Y) wereexposed to water steam (WS) at approximately 78 ?C for one min or dipped into hot water (HW) at 55 ?C for two min or washed with regular tap water(control). Each of the above nine (3 stages x 3 treatments) groups was divided into two sections, the first one was stored at 5 ?C and the other was stored at 10 ?C. Heat treatments prolonged the storage period of all ripening stages of fruits. At 5 and 10?C, respectively, the treated fruits were stored for 32 and 40 days compared with 28 and 32 days for the untreated one. Control fruits were the first to decay due to the chilling injury incidence specially the green stage at 5 ?C and became unattractive as a result of loss of its brightness. On the other hand, heated fruits kept its good appearance, free from decay and wrinkles for longer time. Heat treatments retard the appearance of chilling injury symptoms for the stored fruits at 5 ?C and the best appearance with less chilling symptoms was forthe yellow fruits. The fruits stored at 10 ?C were free from chilling symptoms except of small red spots appeared on the control fruits. WS treatment reduced weight loss of cactus pear fruits and the differences were significant for the yellowish green fruits except of those stored at 5 ?C in the first season. On the other side, HW treatment increased the weight loss of all treatments with insignificant differences compared with the control fruits with exception of yellowish green fruits in the second season which reduced it. Green fruits had the highest initial color index (CI) and the heat treatments did not affect CI of all ripening stages of fruits stored at 5 and 10 ?C in the two seasons and there were no differences between heat treatments. Heat treatments had no significant effect on pulp weight percent, but generally heated fruits had lower percentages and the fruits stored at 10 ?C had higher percentages with significant increase by the duration of cold storage. At harvest in the two experimental seasons, yellow fruits had the highest contents of juice. Heat treatments had no significant effect on pulp juice weight at 5 and 10 ?C but generally the WStreated fruits had the highest juice weight which may be due to the water loss reduction. Except the green cactus pear fruits which lost its juiciness with the progress of the storage time. At harvest, yellow fruits had the highest values of SSC, V.C, water soluble pectin (WSP) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity and the lowest percentages of acidity. Heat treatments had no significant effect on the SSC of cactus pear fruits except the higher significant content of heated fruits in some intervals. Heat treatments had significant effect on acidity and V.C especially the WS treatment which had the highest values at the two storage temperatures and in two seasons. Heat treatments had significant effect on reducing WSP pulp < /strong>content and the activity of PPO. In both seasons, SSC of all treatments decreased by the advancing of cold storage and the highest values were obtained from yellow fruits. Fruit acidity increased by the end of the cold storage at 5?C and after the same period at 10 ?C (32 days), then decreased at the last two intervals at 10 ?C. WSP content increased with the loss of fruit firmness and the lowest changes were obtained with the yellow fruits and the fruits stored at 5 ?C. PPO activity increased, then decreased after 24 days at 5 and 10C.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3250_580108d3bfa20543581fb831ffabd2f4.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2009-09-30
30
JULY- SEPTEMBER
397
405
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2009.3251
3251
Original Article
Non-Carcinogenic Solvents as Alternative to Benzene for Wood Extractives Determination
استخدام مذيبات غير مسرطنة بديلاً عن البنزين لتقدير المستخلصات الخشبية
Ramadan A. Nasser
nasser67@ksu.edu.sa
1
Hamad A. Al-Mefarrej
2
Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences,King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences,King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Wood extractives are very important to identify the suitability of wood to different purposes and for woodindustries. A solvent mixture of benzene and ethanol is widely recognized as a standard method for removing most wood extractives, in order to determine the chemical composition of wood. Benzene is a carcinogenic substance and exposure to it is one of the most common chemical health risks. Accordingly, benzene as a solvent should be substituted by less hazardous ones. In the current study, six hardwood species were used. Extraction of wood particles was carried out by Soxhlet apparatus in two phases. One of them is a single-phase solvent (benzene, acetone, ether and ethanol), and the other is a combined-phase solvent. In the latter, the specimens were extracted in three steps with benzene-ethanol, ethanol anddistilled water according to ASTM method, whereas other specimens were extracted following ASTM method with replacing benzene by either acetone or ether. As a reference basis, the results of combined-phase werecompared to NREL method (extracting the specimens with ethanol for 24 hours). The objective of this study was to find a less hazardous solvent replacement to benzene.Results indicate that as comparing to ASTM method, the two alternative methods removed the same amounts of wood extractives for the six wood species studied. Our results indicated that extraction of the six wood species with either acetone-ethanol or ether-ethanol gave closely results that were comparable to benzene-ethanol. Therefore, they can be considered as replacement solvents to benzene-ethanol in ASTM method. Extractives content for all the six wood species achieved by the standard method of NREL were significantly lower than that extracted by either ASTM method or each of the two alternative methods. The method of specimen extraction had a significant effect on lignin and hemicellulose content. The specimens extracted by NREL method had the highest hemicellulose content and the lowest extractive and lignin contents of other methods.
Wood extractives are very important to identify the suitability of wood to different purposes and for woodindustries. A solvent mixture of benzene and ethanol is widely recognized as a standard method for removing most wood extractives, in order to determine the chemical composition of wood. Benzene is a carcinogenic substance and exposure to it is one of the most common chemical health risks. Accordingly, benzene as a solvent should be substituted by less hazardous ones. In the current study, six hardwood species were used. Extraction of wood particles was carried out by Soxhlet apparatus in two phases. One of them is a single-phase solvent (benzene, acetone, ether and ethanol), and the other is a combined-phase solvent. In the latter, the specimens were extracted in three steps with benzene-ethanol, ethanol anddistilled water according to ASTM method, whereas other specimens were extracted following ASTM method with replacing benzene by either acetone or ether. As a reference basis, the results of combined-phase werecompared to NREL method (extracting the specimens with ethanol for 24 hours). The objective of this study was to find a less hazardous solvent replacement to benzene.Results indicate that as comparing to ASTM method, the two alternative methods removed the same amounts of wood extractives for the six wood species studied. Our results indicated that extraction of the six wood species with either acetone-ethanol or ether-ethanol gave closely results that were comparable to benzene-ethanol. Therefore, they can be considered as replacement solvents to benzene-ethanol in ASTM method. Extractives content for all the six wood species achieved by the standard method of NREL were significantly lower than that extracted by either ASTM method or each of the two alternative methods. The method of specimen extraction had a significant effect on lignin and hemicellulose content. The specimens extracted by NREL method had the highest hemicellulose content and the lowest extractive and lignin contents of other methods.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3251_673b349fddabff1cab462a4a11980884.pdf
Extractives content
benzene-ethanol
carcinogenic substance
chemical composition of wood
cellulose
lignin
hemicellulose
NREL
ASTM
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2009-09-30
30
JULY- SEPTEMBER
406
411
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2009.3252
3252
Original Article
Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Beef and Vegetarian (Veggie) Burger Served in Some Hotels
الخصائص الکيميائية والفيزيائية المميزة للبرجر البقري والنباتي المقدم في بعض الفنادق
Neven Sherif Abd.El Haleam
1
High Institute of Tourism and Hotels (EGOTH)
Tourism industry considered as one of the fundamental economic recourses, hotels must focus oncustomer requirements. Customer demand for veggie burgers has been increased rapidly. Chemical and physical characteristics of beef and veggie burgers were evaluated, based on chemical composition, dietary fiber, Minerals, amino acids contents, color and sensory evaluation. The results showed lower moisture content (42.9%) in beef burgers than veggie burgers (50.99%). Curd protein contents in beef burgerswas 37.87% while it was 16.88% in veggie burgers. Minerals contents were high in veggie burger comparingwith the beef burger. Also veggie burgers had higher value of Neutral detergent fiber NDF (22.84%) than beef burger (17. 96%). Statistical analysis of sensory evaluation found a significant differences (P0.01) between beef and veggie burgers in color and taste.
Tourism industry considered as one of the fundamental economic recourses, hotels must focus oncustomer requirements. Customer demand for veggie burgers has been increased rapidly. Chemical and physical characteristics of beef and veggie burgers were evaluated, based on chemical composition, dietary fiber, Minerals, amino acids contents, color and sensory evaluation. The results showed lower moisture content (42.9%) in beef burgers than veggie burgers (50.99%). Curd protein contents in beef burgerswas 37.87% while it was 16.88% in veggie burgers. Minerals contents were high in veggie burger comparingwith the beef burger. Also veggie burgers had higher value of Neutral detergent fiber NDF (22.84%) than beef burger (17. 96%). Statistical analysis of sensory evaluation found a significant differences (P0.01) between beef and veggie burgers in color and taste.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3252_27a4b8aa0ed21ad25021feb2994ff6df.pdf
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2009-09-30
30
JULY- SEPTEMBER
412
418
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2009.3253
3253
Original Article
Comparative Toxicity of Five Pesticides Against Tetranychus urticae (Koch),Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Aphis nerii (Boyer de Fonscolombe)
السمية النسبية لخمس مبيدات ضد الإناث البالغة للعنکبوت الأحمر(تترانيکس يورتيکا) ومن التفلة (افيس نرياى) ومن الخوخ(ميزس برسيکا)
Entsar I. Rabea
1
Department of Pest Control and Environmental Protection; Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour, Alexandria University, Egypt
Contact toxicity assay of chlorpyrifos, profenofos,deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and spinosad weretested against three species of arthropod pests; the twospotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, the oleander aphid Aphis nerii and the green peach aphid Myzus persicae under laboratory conditions. The biological assessment was carried out using a slide-dip technique.The results of the acaricidal activity showed that lambdacyhalothrin and spinosad caused the highest toxicity against T. urticae with LC50 of 4.88 and 6.72 mg.L-1, respectively, followed by chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin and profenofos (LC50 = 11.44, 12.86 and 16.47 mg.L-1, respectively). Based on the toxicity index values, it is quite clear that the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin against T.urticae was 1.3 fold more toxic than spinosad and 2.3 and 2.6 fold more toxic than chlropyrifos and deltamethrin, respectively. The results of the aphicidal activity showed that deltamethrin has a high toxic effect against A. nerii and M. persicae with LC50 of 0.31 and 1.11 mg.L-1, respectively whereas, spinosad was the least toxic one(LC50 = 22.13 and 30.92 mg.L-1, respectively). Based on the toxicity index, it is apparent that deltamethrin is the most potent compound against A. nerii followed by lambdacyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, and spinosad with toxicity index values of 100, 34.04, 3.95, 3.47 and 1.40 but followed by lambda-cyhalothrin, profenofos, chlorpyrifos and spinosad against M. persicae with toxicity index values of 100, 42.52, 27.61, 9.07 and 3.59, respectively. M. persicae was relatively more tolerant than A. nerii to profenofos,spinosad, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin with tolerance level of 0.45, 1.40, 1.56, 2.87and 3.58, respectively.
Contact toxicity assay of chlorpyrifos, profenofos,deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and spinosad weretested against three species of arthropod pests; the twospotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, the oleander aphid Aphis nerii and the green peach aphid Myzus persicae under laboratory conditions. The biological assessment was carried out using a slide-dip technique.The results of the acaricidal activity showed that lambdacyhalothrin and spinosad caused the highest toxicity against T. urticae with LC50 of 4.88 and 6.72 mg.L-1, respectively, followed by chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin and profenofos (LC50 = 11.44, 12.86 and 16.47 mg.L-1, respectively). Based on the toxicity index values, it is quite clear that the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin against T.urticae was 1.3 fold more toxic than spinosad and 2.3 and 2.6 fold more toxic than chlropyrifos and deltamethrin, respectively. The results of the aphicidal activity showed that deltamethrin has a high toxic effect against A. nerii and M. persicae with LC50 of 0.31 and 1.11 mg.L-1, respectively whereas, spinosad was the least toxic one(LC50 = 22.13 and 30.92 mg.L-1, respectively). Based on the toxicity index, it is apparent that deltamethrin is the most potent compound against A. nerii followed by lambdacyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, and spinosad with toxicity index values of 100, 34.04, 3.95, 3.47 and 1.40 but followed by lambda-cyhalothrin, profenofos, chlorpyrifos and spinosad against M. persicae with toxicity index values of 100, 42.52, 27.61, 9.07 and 3.59, respectively. M. persicae was relatively more tolerant than A. nerii to profenofos,spinosad, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin with tolerance level of 0.45, 1.40, 1.56, 2.87and 3.58, respectively.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_3253_b6fbf7768adb26ccba16747fc7e448d4.pdf
Key words: acaricidal activity
aphicidal activity
Tetranychus urticae
Aphis nerii
Myzus persicae
eng
Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture. A. M. Balba Group for Soil and Water Research
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
1110-0176
2536-9784
2009-09-01
30
JULY- SEPTEMBER
111
125
10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2009.158808
158808
Original Article
Farmers’ Motivation of Harmful Birds Control, to Cereal Crops at Some Villages Kom Hamada District Elbehira Governorate
دوافع الزراع لمکافحة العصافير الضارة بمحاصيل الحبوب ببعض قري مرکز کوم حمادة محافظة البحيرة
Abd-Elaty H. Soker
1
Ashour Kamel Ashour
2
Rabia K. Abo Elkhair
3
This study aims mainly at identifying farmers’ motivation of birds control, harmful to cereal crops.
This entails fulfilling the following objectives:
1- Studying the distinctive features of the respondents.
2-measuring farmers’ motivation toward combating harmful birds.
3-Studying both correlational and regressional relationship between the independent variables and farmers’ motives to combat harmful birds.
4-Studying both correlational and regressional relationship between farmers’ motivations to combat harmful birds and their implementation of recommendations to combat harmful birds
A questionnaire was designed and administered at a random sample consists of 130 respondents who represent 14.4% of the total population of cereal crops growers at the three selected villages. Perantages,
averages, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, and multiple regression coefficients analysis are used in data statistical treatment via SPSS.
Results indicate that categories' of law and moderate motives in combating harmful birds represent 70.8% of the total sample. In addition three independent variables explain 11.2% of variance in farmers' motivation to combat harmful birds to cereal crops, namely, the respondent’ level of education, occupation and number of family members.
Results show also that farmers’ motivation to combat harmful birds to cereal crops are responsible for interpreting 59.4% of variance in levels of implementing recommendations deemed necessary for combating harmful birds. The study concluded the need for development agricultural extension program which should be geard toward stimulating farmers’ motivations against harmful birds to cereal crops.
This study aims mainly at identifying farmers’ motivation of birds control, harmful to cereal crops.
This entails fulfilling the following objectives:
1- Studying the distinctive features of the respondents.
2-measuring farmers’ motivation toward combating harmful birds.
3-Studying both correlational and regressional relationship between the independent variables and farmers’ motives to combat harmful birds.
4-Studying both correlational and regressional relationship between farmers’ motivations to combat harmful birds and their implementation of recommendations to combat harmful birds
A questionnaire was designed and administered at a random sample consists of 130 respondents who represent 14.4% of the total population of cereal crops growers at the three selected villages. Perantages,
averages, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, and multiple regression coefficients analysis are used in data statistical treatment via SPSS.
Results indicate that categories' of law and moderate motives in combating harmful birds represent 70.8% of the total sample. In addition three independent variables explain 11.2% of variance in farmers' motivation to combat harmful birds to cereal crops, namely, the respondent’ level of education, occupation and number of family members.
Results show also that farmers’ motivation to combat harmful birds to cereal crops are responsible for interpreting 59.4% of variance in levels of implementing recommendations deemed necessary for combating harmful birds. The study concluded the need for development agricultural extension program which should be geard toward stimulating farmers’ motivations against harmful birds to cereal crops.
https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_158808_e38889ef0024e68d2f1059fc4d80a016.pdf